601 lines
51 KiB
XML
601 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2044399e-4a82-4a8c-ac97-8f75188defd8" ID-PMC="PMC7790814" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1008-107" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6F236CBB1A145B5BA6EA020611A3D6CF" ID-PubMed="33505190" ID-ZooBank="84631F11267D49F3859D8191632EBB1F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1008-107" checkinTime="1609463504292" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McFarland, Emily P., Baldwin, Carole C., Robertson, David Ross, Rocha, Luiz A. & Tornabene, Luke" docDate="2020" docId="D5F00A3B5E0D568CA5C81F311EB280FC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1008: 107-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1008" docPubDate="2020-12-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805" docTitle="Chromis vanbebberae McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="21C7BAA1-2F99-4039-9389-A6069EBC774D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="6F236CBB1A145B5BA6EA020611A3D6CF" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="6F236CBB1A145B5BA6EA020611A3D6CF" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chromis damselfish from the tropical western Atlantic (Teleostei, Pomacentridae)" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1668149661664" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Chromis damselfish from the tropical western Atlantic (Teleostei, Pomacentridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McFarland, Emily P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 - 5020, USA & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98105, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baldwin, Carole C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robertson, David Ross</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rocha, Luiz A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4011-569X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tornabene, Luke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-2320</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 - 5020, USA & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98105, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">luke.tornabene@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>107</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1008-107</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">84631F11267D49F3859D8191632EBB1F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6F236CBB1A145B5BA6EA020611A3D6CF</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176352574" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21C7BAA1-2F99-4039-9389-A6069EBC774D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5F00A3B5E0D568CA5C81F311EB280FC" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/21C7BAA1-2F99-4039-9389-A6069EBC774D" authority="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene, 2020" authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Teleostei" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae" status="sp. nov.">Chromis vanbebberae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="107">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Micro-CT scans A Chromis vanbebberae, Curacao, paratype, USNM 414901, 33.4 mm SL B C. enchrysurus, South of Marathon, Florida, UW 200011, 41.5 mm SL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492901" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Whitetail Reeffish Figures 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Live coloration of Chromis vanbebberae A Curacao, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL B, C Curacao D, E St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil, juveniles F St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (A), Yi-Kai Tea (B), D. Ross Robertson (C, D), Luiz A. Rocha (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Freshly collected Chromis vanbebberae A paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL, Curacao B paratype, USNM 414902, 36.1 mm SL, Curacao. Photographs by Carole C. Baldwin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492903" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Chromis vanbebberae A paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL, Curacao B paratype, UW 200070, 97.1 mm SL, Curacao. Photographs by Luke Tornabene." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492904" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">, 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Holotype.</emphasis>
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USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL, CURASUB19-01, tissue no. CUR19001, 117 m, Substation
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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Downline, Bapor Kibra,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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, 12.0832, -68.8991, C.C. Baldwin, L. Tornabene, B. Van Bebber, W.B. Ludt, 6 May 2019.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Paratypes</emphasis>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: All collected at the type locality off
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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: USNM 414901, 33.4 mm SL, CURASUB12-15, tissue no. CUR12142, 123-160 m, A. Schrier, B. Brandt, C.C. Baldwin, A. Driskell, P. Mace, 10 Aug 2012; USNM 414902, 36.1 mm SL, CURASUB12-15, tissue no. CUR12141, 123-160 m, A. Schrier, B. Brandt, C.C. Baldwin, A. Driskell, P. Mace, 10 Aug 2012; USNM 413966, 24.7 mm SL, CURASUB13-03, tissue no. CUR13056, 53-189 m, C.C. Baldwin, A. Schrier, D.R. Robertson, C.I. Castilla, B. Brandt, 7 Feb 2013; USNM 413947, 23.4 mm SL, CURASUB13-02, tissue no. CUR13013, C.C. Baldwin, A. Schrier, D.R. Robertson, C.I. Castilla, B. Brandt, 6 Feb 2013; USNM 430030, 14.9 mm SL, tissue no. CUR13335, Substation
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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Crew, 9 July 2013; USNM 406206, 24.1 SL, CURASUB11-03, tissue no. CUR11206, 119-161 m, A. Schrier, M. van der Huls, C.C. Baldwin, D.R. Robertson, J. Oliver, 24 May 2011; CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL, CURASUB19-02, tissue no. CUR19010, C.C. Baldwin, L. Tornabene, T. Christiaan, S. Yerrace, 7 May 2019; UW 200069, 98.4 mm SL, tissue no. CUR19003, 106 m, C.C. Baldwin, L. Tornabene, B. Van Bebber, W.B. Ludt, 6 May 2019; UW 200070, 97.1 mm SL, CURASUB19-02, tissue no. CUR19009, C.C. Baldwin, L. Tornabene, T. Christiaan, S. Yerrace, 7 May 2019;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Sint Eustatius</emphasis>
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: USNM 442658, 13.9 mm SL, CURASUB17-17, tissue no. EUS17005, South and southeast of R/V Chapman mooring, SW of island, Kay Bay, St. Eustatius,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.4599" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.4599">17.4599</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62.9817" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-62.9817">-62.9817</geoCoordinate>
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, C.C. Baldwin, L. Tornabene, B. Brandt, J. Casey, 15 April 2017. See Suppl. material 1: Table S1 for non-type material examined.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492901" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Micro-CT scans
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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, paratype, USNM 414901, 33.4 mm SL
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, South of Marathon, Florida, UW 200011, 41.5 mm SL.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
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, Netherland Antilles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Dorsal rays XIII, 12-13; anal rays II, 12-13; pored lateral-line scales 15-18 (usually 17; one paratype with ten and no apparent scale loss or damage); gill rakers 7-8+16-18. Proportional measurements expressed as percent standard length, unless otherwise noted as percent head length (HL): head length 30.2-41.0 (mean 35.4); predorsal length 31.1-42.0 (mean 34.9); orbit diameter 11.5-17.4 (mean 14.6), 39.0 (35.4-48.5) % HL; upper jaw length 9.1 (6.0-14.4), 30.0 (22.3-34.8) % HL; snout length 7.8 (6.9-10.3), 26.0 (17.5-32.2) % HL; interorbital width 10.7 (8.6-12.8), 35.4 (21.1-37.4) % HL; body depth 41.6-57.8 (mean 51.8); caudal length 29.7-44.9 (mean 37.20); last dorsal spine 10.2-16.4 (mean 13); longest dorsal ray 21.1-26.5 (mean 23.3); longest anal ray 18.9-28 (mean 24.3); 1st pelvic soft ray 28.8-43.2 (mean 36.4). See Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometrics and meristics of Chromis vanbebberae and Chromis enchrysurus specimens examined. Morphometric values are as percentage of SL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B93D91F19AF8BE885B8248371C0A4370" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" tableUuid="B93D91F19AF8BE885B8248371C0A4370">3</tableCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
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with thin iridescent blue oblique stripe extending from snout, through eye, ending below origin of spinous dorsal fin, dorsal half of head dark blue to dusky gray, dark
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<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
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continuing in oblique line across dorsal half of body to end of spinous dorsal fin; ventral half of body, soft dorsal fin, paired fins, and caudal fin white; no yellow pigmentation on body or fins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Body</emphasis>
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deep, 55.2 (41.6-57.8), laterally compressed, width 19.4 (16.6-21.6), oval in shape; eyes large, 11.8 (11.5-17.4), interorbital width 10.7 (8.6-12.1). Mouth small, upper jaw length 9.1 (6.0-14.4), terminal, and oblique. Head large, 30.2 (30.2-41.0) and rounded with a convex forehead and short snout 7.8 (5.2-10.3), snout length shorter than orbit diameter (snout ~ 1.8 times in orbit). Preopercle mostly smooth with slight serration at ventral angle; opercle possesses one large spine on dorsal posterior side. Suborbital bones mostly joined to cheek, save for second and third, which flex away from cheek with preorbital. Vertebrae 25 plus urostyle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Micro-CT scans A Chromis vanbebberae, Curacao, paratype, USNM 414901, 33.4 mm SL B C. enchrysurus, South of Marathon, Florida, UW 200011, 41.5 mm SL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492901" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">6</figureCitation>
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). Gill rakers very long and slender, closely spaced, equal to or greater than the length of gill filaments, with very fine serrations, 7+17 (7-8+16-18). Teeth in both jaws short and conical, arranged in three rows anteriorly, outer row very slightly enlarged, becoming two rows posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Dorsal fin</emphasis>
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XIII, 12 (12-13); longest dorsal ray 23.8 (21.1-28.5); last (13th) dorsal spine 16.4 (10.3-16.4); spinous dorsal base 48.6 (35.5-50.2); soft dorsal base 18.9 (13.4-18.9); pre-dorsal length 33.2 (31.1-42.0). Anal fin II, 12 (12-13); longest anal-fin ray 23.4 (18.9-28.0); pre-anal length 64.1 (63.2-69.0). Pectoral fin 18 (17-20) and lacking free rays; longest pectoral ray 34.2 (31.1-38.1). Pelvic fin I, 5; with a very long first pelvic ray 40.9 (28.8-43.2); pre-pelvic length 35.2 (35.2-43.6). Caudal fin forked with length 41.0 (29.7-44.9).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Scales</emphasis>
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large, coarsely ctenoid, covering body and most of head, often densely clustered at base of dorsal and anal fins. Pored lateral-line scales 17 (15-18), total scales in lateral series 28 (26-28); one paratype (USNM 430030, 14.9 mm SL) with only 10 pored lateral-line scales, lateral line terminating below the 10th dorsal spine in all individuals, without apparent damage or scale loss. Scales above lateral line 4 (3-4). Scales below lateral line 10 (10-11). Circumpeduncular scales 14 (13-4). No obvious pored or pitted scales on caudal peduncle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Live coloration</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Live coloration of Chromis vanbebberae A Curacao, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL B, C Curacao D, E St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil, juveniles F St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (A), Yi-Kai Tea (B), D. Ross Robertson (C, D), Luiz A. Rocha (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">7</figureCitation>
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): Adults (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Live coloration of Chromis vanbebberae A Curacao, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL B, C Curacao D, E St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil, juveniles F St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (A), Yi-Kai Tea (B), D. Ross Robertson (C, D), Luiz A. Rocha (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">7A-C, F</figureCitation>
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) charcoal gray, sometimes tinged with iridescent blue from head to end of spinous dorsal base, with an abrupt, oblique division between dark dorsal portion and light lower body starting at pectoral-fin base and extending to end of spinous dorsal fin; ventral portion of body, soft dorsal fin, paired fins, and caudal fin bright white with no yellow pigmentation. Head with short, oblique iridescent blue stripe originating on upper lip extending through upper edge of eye extending onto side of nape above pectoral fin. In larger individuals, blue stripe reduced, present only on snout. Juvenile (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Live coloration of Chromis vanbebberae A Curacao, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL B, C Curacao D, E St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil, juveniles F St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (A), Yi-Kai Tea (B), D. Ross Robertson (C, D), Luiz A. Rocha (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">7D, E</figureCitation>
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) pigmentation same as adult except dark area distinctly tinged with more blue iridescence and terminating halfway along spinous dorsal fin (versus at end of spinous dorsal fin in adults), blue stripe on head much more prominent, and a second shorter blue stripe often present ventral to eye.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Coloration in freshly dead specimens</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Freshly collected Chromis vanbebberae A paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL, Curacao B paratype, USNM 414902, 36.1 mm SL, Curacao. Photographs by Carole C. Baldwin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492903" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">8</figureCitation>
|
||
): Coloration similar to that of live specimens with little or no blue iridescence except in juveniles, where blue stripe through eye is visible. Paired fins, anal fin, and caudal fin pale to dusky, not vibrant white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Coloration in preservation</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Chromis vanbebberae A paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL, Curacao B paratype, UW 200070, 97.1 mm SL, Curacao. Photographs by Luke Tornabene." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492904" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">9</figureCitation>
|
||
): Base
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
of body pale yellow to golden brown, areas blue or grey in life dark brown; spinous dorsal fin uniformly dark brown, soft dorsal fin, anal fin, and pelvic fin dusky light grey, pectoral fin pale, caudal fin light brown at base becoming pale posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
St.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paul’s">Paul's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rocks, Brazil, juveniles
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">F</emphasis>
|
||
St.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paul’s">Paul's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
), Yi-Kai Tea (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
), D. Ross Robertson (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
), Luiz A. Rocha (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492903" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Freshly collected
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, USNM 414902, 36.1 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Photographs by Carole C. Baldwin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492904" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, CAS 247234, 90.7 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype, UW 200070, 97.1 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Photographs by Luke Tornabene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Observations and hypothesized ranges of Chromis enchrysurus and Chromis vanbebberae. Open circles and triangles represent locations of specimens examined in this study. Solid circles or triangles represent records from visual observations, database searches, or the literature. Red triangle is Curacao, the type locality of C. vanbebberae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492896" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs off Bermuda, the Florida Keys, the Bahamas, scattered sites in the northwest, central, eastern and southern Caribbean, and south to at least
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, Brazil, including the offshore islands of Rocas Atoll, St. Paul Rocks, Trindade, and Fernando de Noronha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs on a variety of deep-reef habitats at depths between 49 and at least 178 m, including on rocky reef slopes, coral outcroppings, around sponges, boulders, and caves. In areas of colder water in southeastern Brazil (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo states) they are seen in depths as shallow as 10 m. In
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, individuals are often found near sporadic patches of rocks located on otherwise open sandy bottoms devoid of other structure, which they frequently co-occupy with the seabasses
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poey in Poey" authorityYear="1851" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serranus phoebe" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Serranus phoebe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. notospilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="notospilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">S. notospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are also frequently found around artificial substrates such as shipwrecks (e.g., the wreck Queen of Nassau in southeast Florida), tires, and derelict ropes and fishing gear. This species and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830, are the two most common pomacentrids on lower-mesophotic and rariphotic reefs in the Caribbean. In Brazil,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by its southern mesophotic counterpart,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moura, 1995, and the latter often schools with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on coastal reefs; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only mesophotic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in Brazilian oceanic islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Where
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlap in southeastern Florida, the two species segregate by depth, with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring from (~ 25-40 m), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in deeper water (~ 60-90 m).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Emery, AR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="151 - 165" refId="B24" refString="Emery, AR, Smith-Vaniz, WF, 1982. Geographic variation and redescription of the western Atlantic damselfish Chromis enchrysurus Jordan and Gilbert (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Bulletin of Marine Science 32 (1): 151 - 165" title="Geographic variation and redescription of the western Atlantic damselfish Chromis enchrysurus Jordan and Gilbert (Pisces: Pomacentridae)." volume="32" year="1982">Emery and Smith-Vaniz (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a depth range of 5-146 m for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noting that most observations were from 40-70 m. The 146 m record was from Puerto Rico, and thus represents
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the confirmed records of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from this study, the known depth range of that species is 5-97 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Latinized from Van Bebber, honors Barbara Van Bebber, one of the most accomplished submersible pilots in the Caribbean. Van Bebber was one of several skilled pilots of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Curasub’">'Curasub'</normalizedToken>
|
||
that assisted DROP with observations and collections of many new species, including this species. The common name "Whitetail Reeffish" (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="castañeta">castaneta</normalizedToken>
|
||
coliblanca in Spanish) refers to the caudal-fin
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
that distinguishes the species from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jordan & Gilbert" authorityYear="1882" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis enchrysurus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Yellowtail Reeffish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Live coloration of Chromis enchrysurus A dry Tortugas, Florida B off North Carolina C gulf of Mexico, Florida D-F Florida Keys, juveniles. Photographs by Alison and Carlos Estape (A, D-F), Frank Krasovec (B), and Bob and Carol Cox (C). No photographed fish were preserved." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492905" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having white versus yellow on the caudal fin, pelvic fins, anal fin, and posterior rays of the dorsal fin; however, this rapidly fades in death and preservation, making the two nearly indistinguishable. The two species are otherwise morphologically very similar, and species identity of preserved fishes can be most reliably determined based on locality of collection and genetics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McFarland & Baldwin & Robertson & Rocha & Tornabene" authorityYear="2020" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis vanbebberae" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1968, in the Caribbean, and with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Brazil. It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an abrupt, diagonal dividing line between the dark dorsal portion of body and white ventral portion of the body (a diffuse horizontal dividing line in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and in lacking the prominent iridescent light blue
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is present on most of the dorsal portion of the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Live coloration of Chromis scotti and C. insolata A C. scotti, adult, Roatan, Honduras B C. scotti, juvenile, Tobago C C. insolata, adult, Florida Keys D C. insolata, juvenile, Florida Keys E C. jubauna, adult, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil F C. jubauna, juvenile, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil. Photographs by Mickey Charteris (A), Alison and Carlos Estape (B-D), and Osmar Luiz Jr (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492906" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the tail is dusky in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus bright white in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diagonal light/dark divide on the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also distinguishes it from adult
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a horizontal division similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Live coloration of Chromis scotti and C. insolata A C. scotti, adult, Roatan, Honduras B C. scotti, juvenile, Tobago C C. insolata, adult, Florida Keys D C. insolata, juvenile, Florida Keys E C. jubauna, adult, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil F C. jubauna, juvenile, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil. Photographs by Mickey Charteris (A), Alison and Carlos Estape (B-D), and Osmar Luiz Jr (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492906" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis insolata" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in number of anal rays:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically possesses eleven anal rays and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9-11, in comparison to the typical 12 (rarely 11 or 13) of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically possesses 18-19 pored lateral line scales, whereas no
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined exceed 17. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have uniformly grey to black bodies with bright yellow caudal and soft dorsal fins, versus the dark/light bodies and white fins of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. enchrysurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have dramatically different live
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Live coloration of Chromis vanbebberae A Curacao, holotype, USNM 446947, 73.9 mm SL B, C Curacao D, E St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil, juveniles F St. Paul's Rocks, Brazil. Photographs by Barry B. Brown (A), Yi-Kai Tea (B), D. Ross Robertson (C, D), Luiz A. Rocha (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492902" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Live coloration of Chromis scotti and C. insolata A C. scotti, adult, Roatan, Honduras B C. scotti, juvenile, Tobago C C. insolata, adult, Florida Keys D C. insolata, juvenile, Florida Keys E C. jubauna, adult, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil F C. jubauna, juvenile, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil. Photographs by Mickey Charteris (A), Alison and Carlos Estape (B-D), and Osmar Luiz Jr (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492906" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanbebberae" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="vanbebberae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. vanbebberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to adults in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except with slightly more blue iridescence, whereas juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost entirely blue, juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have prominent, wide yellow, purple, and white horizontal stripes, and juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are yellow dorsally and bright purplish-blue ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492905" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jordan & Gilbert" authorityYear="1882" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis enchrysurus" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enchrysurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Chromis enchrysurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
dry Tortugas, Florida
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
off North Carolina
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
gulf of Mexico, Florida
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">D-F</emphasis>
|
||
Florida Keys, juveniles. Photographs by Alison and Carlos Estape (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A, D-F</emphasis>
|
||
), Frank Krasovec (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
), and Bob and Carol Cox (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
). No photographed fish were preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1008.58805.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/492906" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Live" lsidName="Live coloration" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="coloration">Live coloration</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1968" class="Pisces" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromis scotti" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scotti">Chromis scotti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">C. insolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult, Roatan, Honduras
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scotti" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, juvenile, Tobago
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult, Florida Keys
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="insolata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. insolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, juvenile, Florida Keys
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jubauna" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="jubauna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">C. jubauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, juvenile, Laje de Santos Island, Brazil. Photographs by Mickey Charteris (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
), Alison and Carlos Estape (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
), and Osmar Luiz Jr (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |