174 lines
10 KiB
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174 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. & De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="CE798D4C1566762D9D7ADA59C7E8983D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Calthropella (Pachataxa) enigmatica Levi & Levi 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>68</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360730" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE798D4C1566762D9D7ADA59C7E8983D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE798D4C1566762D9D7ADA59C7E8983D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName authority="Levi & Levi, 1983" authorityName="Levi & Levi" authorityYear="1983" class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Pachataxa) enigmatica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enigmatica" subGenus="Pachataxa">
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Calthropella Pachataxa enigmatica
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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&
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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, 1983
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Pachataxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachataxa enigmatica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enigmatica">Pachataxa enigmatica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4)" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="101 - 168" title="Eponges Tetractinellides et Lithistides bathyales de Nouvelle- Caledonie." volume="5" year="1983">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 151, fig. 29.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Holotype MNHN DCL 2805; paratypes DCL 2895 (4 small sponges), both from New Caledonia, 22.8°S; 167.15°E, depth 355-360 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Massive with rounded flattened lobate outgrowths (Fig. 30A). Size of holotype 3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×3.5×">x3.5x</normalizedToken>
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1.2 cm, paratypes slightly smaller to about 1 cm3. Brownish beige in alcohol. Small slightly raised oscules of less than 1 mm diameter are scattered in vague groups on the upper surface. Consistency firm to hard, crumbly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Skeleton: confused, with a crust of microscleres carried by the triaene megascleres. A few broken oxea-like spicules were present in the slides made from the largest paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Spicules (Fig. 30B): Calthrops, spheroxyasters, ataxasters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Calthrops (Fig. 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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), occasionally with five-claded mesotriaene-like forms (called
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘centrotriaenes’">'centrotriaenes'</normalizedToken>
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by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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), cladi 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–215.4–">-215.4-</normalizedToken>
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450
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–30.6–">-30.6-</normalizedToken>
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54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, cladomes 120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–311–">-311-</normalizedToken>
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510
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Spheroxyasters (Figs 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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), called
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘chiasters’">'chiasters'</normalizedToken>
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by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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, but they do not have blunt rays), small, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.7–">-8.7-</normalizedToken>
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12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter (but not as small as 4-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
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stated).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">Ataxasters</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 30F) are microspined, basically ovoid microrhabds, with many forms branched or irregular (shapes may be termed centrotylote rhabds, rods with side branch(es), round balls, cross-shaped, or rarely polyangular/aster-like), size ranging from 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4 to 42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 30.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Pachataxa) enigmatica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enigmatica" subGenus="Pachataxa">Calthropella (Pachataxa) enigmatica</taxonomicName>
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, paratype MNHN DCL 2895 from New Caledonia, A habit (photo P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
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, scale bar 1 cm) B overview of spicules C calthrops D larger oxyaster E smaller oxyaster F various ataxasters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Deep water, 355 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Known only from off New Caledonia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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The New Caledonian species differs from the Caribbean
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Pachataxa) lithistina" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lithistina" subGenus="Pachataxa">Calthropella (Pachataxa) lithistina</taxonomicName>
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in overall spicule size and particularly in the small size of the oxyasters; that species is much larger and has a plate-shape.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Pachataxa) pyrifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pyrifera" subGenus="Pachataxa">Calthropella (Pachataxa) pyrifera</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (see below) differs likewise in having larger oxyasters up to 24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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diameter and asymmetrical pear-shaped ataxasters.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |