383 lines
38 KiB
XML
383 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1645/21-69" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d21e1676-2278-475a-ade8-e17ba3891373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094068" approvedBy="castro_plazi" checkinTime="1663615258731" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Sasaki, Mizuki, Miura, Osamu & Nakao, Minoru" docDate="2022" docId="9D044F6E6D0EFF9AFCC548D2FD186DEB" docLanguage="en" docName="JParasitol.108.1.44-52.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Parasitology 108 (1)" docTitle="Philiohthalmus hechingeri Sasaki & Miura & Nakao 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="613D37166D0BFF9DFFA64D72FFAA6937" masterDocTitle="Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae), a Human-Infecting Eye Fluke from the Asian Mud Snail, Batillaria attramentaria" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1663637344475" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae), a Human-Infecting Eye Fluke from the Asian Mud Snail, Batillaria attramentaria</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sasaki, Mizuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078 - 8510, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mizuki_sasaki@asahikawa-med.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miura, Osamu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku 783 - 8502, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nakao, Minoru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078 - 8510, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Parasitology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-01-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>108</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>44</mods:start>
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<mods:end>52</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1645/21-69</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">d21e1676-2278-475a-ade8-e17ba3891373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7094068</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200635503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D044F6E6D0EFF9AFCC548D2FD186DEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D044F6E6D0EFF9AFCC548D2FD186DEB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection box="[867,1439,1438,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[867,1439,1438,1490]" box="[867,1439,1438,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<heading bold="true" box="[867,1439,1438,1460]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" reason="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,1439,1438,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sasaki & Miura & Nakao, 2022" authorityName="Sasaki & Miura & Nakao" authorityYear="2022" box="[867,1163,1440,1460]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philiohthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hechingeri" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,1163,1440,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Philiohthalmus hechingeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1172,1235,1438,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Sasaki and Miura
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[867,1439,1438,1490]" box="[1101,1205,1468,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1106,1199,1468,1490]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="5.[141,198,1437,1456]" captionStartId-1="5.[842,899,907,926]" captionStartId-2="6.[168,225,1006,1025]" captionTargetBox-0="[134,770,202,1410]" captionTargetBox-1="[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetBox-2="[146,811,202,979]" captionTargetId-0="figure-384@5.[134,770,202,1410]" captionTargetId-1="figure-438@5.[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetId-2="figure-788@6.[146,811,202,979]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figure 4. The adult stage of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. Line drawing of ventral view. Abbreviations: c, cirrus; ca, caecum; cs, cirrus sac; gp, genital pore; mg, Mehlis’ gland; mt, metraterm; o, ovary; os, oral sucker; p, pharynx; sr, seminal receptacle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; v, vitellarium; vs, ventral sucker." captionText-1="Figure 5. The larval stages of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (A) Daughter redia. (B) Cercaria. (C) Excysted juvenile." captionText-2="Figure 6. The flask-shaped metacercariae of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094080" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094078" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094082" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7094080/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7094078/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7094082/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[818,1488,1524,1956]" lastBlockId="6.[144,815,1094,1956]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis box="[842,1334,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Adult (based on 7 whole-mounted specimens):</emphasis>
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Body slightly constricted at level of ventral sucker, 1,350–2,150 (1,650
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1415,1435,1553,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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278) long by 480–740 (581
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1042,1062,1583,1605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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85) wide in maximum (
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<figureCitation box="[1304,1367,1583,1605]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[141,198,1437,1456]" captionTargetBox="[134,770,202,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-384@5.[134,770,202,1410]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The adult stage of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. Line drawing of ventral view. Abbreviations: c, cirrus; ca, caecum; cs, cirrus sac; gp, genital pore; mg, Mehlis’ gland; mt, metraterm; o, ovary; os, oral sucker; p, pharynx; sr, seminal receptacle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; v, vitellarium; vs, ventral sucker." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094080/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Tegument spinose only in anterior part of body. Oral sucker subterminal, 170–191 (179
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[960,980,1641,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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9) long by 204–258 (229
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1242,1262,1641,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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19) wide. Prepharynx invisible. Pharynx large, 122–167 (143
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1229,1670,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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21) long by 129–177 (151
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,838,1700,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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13) wide. Esophagus absent. Ventral sucker large, 320–391 (348
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,838,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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26) long by 344–394 (366
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1108,1128,1729,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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23) wide. Ratio of width of oral to ventral sucker 1:1.6. Caeca arise directly behind pharynx, extending posteriorly to near end of body. Genital pore just postbifurcal. Genital atrium absent. Cirrus sac large, 747–835 (787
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[869,889,1846,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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34) long by 57–91 (75
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1125,1145,1846,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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14) wide in maximum, extending beyond posterior margin of ventral sucker. Seminal vesicle tubular, situated inside cirrus sac. Testes slightly lobed, tandemly located at posterior end. Anterior testes, 153–247 (196
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1378,1398,1934,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
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37) long by 313–380 (344
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[318,338,1094,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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26) wide. Posterior testes, 155–244 (209
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,775,1094,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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34) long by 344–381 (356
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[374,394,1124,1146]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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17) wide. Ovary spherical, pretesticular, 124–168 (136
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[293,313,1154,1176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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15) long by 142–190 (169
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[606,626,1154,1176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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20) wide. Uterus tubular, occupying space bounded by anterior testes, ventral sucker, and caeca. Egg in uterus, 68–76 (72
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[609,629,1214,1236]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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3) long by 29–37 (33
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[188,208,1243,1265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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2) wide. Vitellarium bilateral, present between levels of posterior 1/5 and 2/5 of body length, consisting of 4–6 and 4–8 independent follicles on left and right sides, respectively. Excretory vesicle oval or Y-shaped, located beneath posterior testis. Excretory pore terminal.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094082/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[168,225,1006,1025]" targetBox="[146,811,202,979]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[144,814,1006,1049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,248,1006,1025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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The flask-shaped metacercariae of
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<taxonomicName authority="Sasaki & Miura & Nakao, 2022" authorityName="Sasaki & Miura & Nakao" authorityYear="2022" box="[581,814,1007,1026]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hechingeri" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis box="[581,814,1007,1026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Philophthalmus hechingeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[144,195,1030,1049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[144,815,1094,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis box="[168,559,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Redia (based on 10 living specimens):</emphasis>
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Daughter redia translucent, 672–1,322 (1,012
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[382,402,1424,1446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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191) long by 181–283 (228
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[692,712,1424,1446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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33) wide, containing 15–23 mature and immature cercariae (
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<figureCitation box="[712,802,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[842,899,907,926]" captionTargetBox="[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetId="figure-438@5.[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. The larval stages of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (A) Daughter redia. (B) Cercaria. (C) Excysted juvenile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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). Mouth present at anterior end with muscular pharynx. Prepharhynx invisible. Caecum thick, extending straight to level of anterior one-fourth of body length. Posterior lappets rudimentary.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[144,815,1094,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis box="[168,573,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Cercaria (based on 10 living specimens):</emphasis>
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Body oval, narrower in lower half, 393–575 (471
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[425,445,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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53) long by 164–210 (183
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,769,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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18) maximum wide (
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<figureCitation box="[314,393,1664,1686]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[842,899,907,926]" captionTargetBox="[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetId="figure-438@5.[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. The larval stages of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (A) Daughter redia. (B) Cercaria. (C) Excysted juvenile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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). Tegument spineless. Oral sucker round, 54–85 (62
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[257,277,1694,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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9) long by 54–85 (68
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,543,1694,1716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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10) wide. Ventral sucker round, situated slightly below body midline, 52–78 (61
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[714,734,1724,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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7) long by 54–89 (70
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[281,301,1754,1776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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10) wide. Prepharynx present. Pharynx small, 30– 60 (45
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[221,241,1783,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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9) long by 21–25 (23
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,505,1783,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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2) wide. Caecum bifurcated. Excretory duct present near posterior end, forming closed loop. Tail unbranched, 276–532 (389
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[484,504,1843,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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70) long by 22–41 (27
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,783,1843,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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6) wide, with terminal gland.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[144,815,1094,1956]" lastBlockId="6.[845,1516,202,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis box="[168,622,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Metacercaria (based on 10 living specimens):</emphasis>
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Cyst flask-shaped, 360–400 (385
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[303,323,1934,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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14) long by 162–200 (189
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[647,667,1934,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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13) wide in maximum (
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<figureCitation box="[964,1027,202,224]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[168,225,1006,1025]" captionTargetBox="[146,811,202,979]" captionTargetId="figure-788@6.[146,811,202,979]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6. The flask-shaped metacercariae of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094082/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Neck portion of cyst narrow, 72–95 (80
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1467,1487,202,224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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8) wide in minimum. Excysted juvenile more slender than cercarial body, 464–612 (511
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1053,1073,261,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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41) long by 102–155 (133
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1345,1365,261,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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15) wide (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="5.[842,899,907,926]" captionTargetBox="[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetId="figure-438@5.[827,1479,202,880]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 5. The larval stages of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. (A) Daughter redia. (B) Cercaria. (C) Excysted juvenile." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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). Oral sucker 51–72 (61
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1141,1161,290,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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7) long by 55–77 (67
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1421,290,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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7) wide. Ventral sucker, 56–70 (64
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1130,1150,319,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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5) long by 51–75 (63
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1419,319,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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7) wide. Pharynx 33–60 (48
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1047,1067,349,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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10) long by 15–25 (20
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1308,1328,349,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</emphasis>
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4) wide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[845,1084,407,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1084,407,429]" box="[845,1084,407,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<heading bold="true" box="[845,1084,407,429]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,1084,407,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Taxonomic summary</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1400,453,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis box="[869,977,453,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Type host:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Sowerby, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[985,1400,453,475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Batillariidae" genus="Batillaria" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="attramentaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1224,453,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Batillaria attramentaria</emphasis>
|
||
(Sowerby, 1855)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1339,482,504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1038,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Site of infection:</emphasis>
|
||
Gonad and hepatopancreas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[869,1395,511,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1395,511,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1010,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
Kanonji, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1220,541,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1102,541,562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Natural definitive host:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1324,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Experimental and accidental definitive hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Temminck and Schlegel, 1849" authorityName="Temminck and Schlegel" authorityYear="1849" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Coturnix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1332,1515,570,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Coturnix japonica</emphasis>
|
||
Temminck and Schlegel, 1849
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1168,1476,599,621]" class="Mammalia" family="Hominidae" genus="Homo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sapiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1309,600,621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Homo sapiens</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1476,629,651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1260,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Site of infection of the definitive hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
Conjunctival cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909201301" collectionCode="MPM" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="MPM21745" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1044,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Type specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
The type series consists of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1383,1514,658,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(experimentally raised adults) deposited in Meguro Parasitological Museum (Tokyo, Japan);
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1206,1299,717,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1323,1452,717,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">MPM21745</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909201302" box="[845,1094,746,768]" collectionCode="MPM" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="MPM21746" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[845,944,746,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[959,1086,746,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">MPM21746</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1046,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">DNA sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
The accession numbers of DDBJ/ENA/ GenBank databases are LC623767 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1221,1259,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">28S</emphasis>
|
||
rDNA) and LC626029– 57 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,930,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">COI</emphasis>
|
||
haplotypes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1109,864,885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C65CA007- 7181-42FB-89FE-A0C1B5F26CC7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[869,1516,922,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" box="[869,1516,922,944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1055,922,943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Synonymous taxa:</emphasis>
|
||
Philophthalmid sp. 1 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HECHINGER, R. F." box="[1342,1511,922,944]" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology International" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="287 - 296" part="56" refId="ref6602" refString="HECHINGER, R. F. 2007. Annotated key to the trematode species infecting Batillaria attramentaria (Prosobranchia: Batillariidae) as first intermediate host. Parasitology International 56: 287 - 296." title="Annotated key to the trematode species infecting Batillaria attramentaria (Prosobranchia: Batillariidae) as first intermediate host" type="journal article" year="2007">Hechinger, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1516,453,1061]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,986,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named after Dr. Ryan F. Hechinger, who found it from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1163,1330,981,1002]" class="Gastropoda" family="Batillariidae" genus="Batillaria" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="attramentaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1163,1330,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">B. attramentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan in 2003, provided provisional descriptions of the larval stages, and suggested that it was a species of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1195,1338,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Philopthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,945,1097,1119]" box="[845,945,1097,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[845,945,1097,1119]" fontSize="9" level="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,945,1097,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1515,1143,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The new species was morphologically compared with congeners in their adult stage. Species infecting the intestine of definitive hosts or having tubular vitellarium were excluded from the comparison because the new species was an eye-infecting parasite and had follicular vitellarium. As shown in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1331,1413,1260,1282]" captionStart="Table I" captionStartId="7.[117,167,202,221]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table I. A comparison of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. with closely related congeners." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/41D2AEF06D0CFF9AFFD34DB8FC0369EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="41D2AEF06D0CFF9AFFD34DB8FC0369EA">Table I</tableCitation>
|
||
, the new species was distinguishable from other closely related congeners (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BRAUN, M." box="[853,982,1319,1341]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 162" part="16" refId="ref6323" refString="BRAUN, M. 1902. Fascioliden der Voegel. Zoologische Jahrbucher 16: 1 - 162." title="Fascioliden der Voegel" type="journal article" year="1902">Braun, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PENNER, L. R. & B. FRIED" box="[992,1235,1319,1341]" firstAuthor="Penner and Fried" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Parasitology" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="974 - 977" part="49" refId="ref7482" refString="PENNER, L. R., AND B. FRIED. 1963. Philophthalmus hegeneri sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds. Journal of Parasitology 49: 974 - 977." title="Philophthalmus hegeneri sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds" type="journal article" year="1963">Penner and Fried, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HOWELL, M. & A. J. BEARUP" box="[1246,1510,1319,1341]" firstAuthor="Howell and Bearup" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="182 - 194" part="92" refId="ref6741" refString="HOWELL, M., AND A. J. BEARUP. 1967. The life histories of two bird trematodes of the family Philophthalmidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 92: 182 - 194." title="The life histories of two bird trematodes of the family Philophthalmidae" type="journal article" year="1967">Howell and Bearup, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PENNER, L. R. & J. J. TRIMBLE" box="[845,1117,1348,1370]" firstAuthor="Penner and Trimble" journalOrPublisher="University of Connecticut Occasional Papers, Biological Science Series" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="265 - 273" part="1" refId="ref7518" refString="PENNER, L. R., AND J. J. TRIMBLE. 1970. Philophthalmus larsoni sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds. University of Connecticut Occasional Papers, Biological Science Series 1: 265 - 273." title="Philophthalmus larsoni sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds" type="book chapter" year="1970">Penner and Trimble, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="KANEV, I. & P. NOLLEN, I. & VASSILEV, V. & RADEV, AND & V. DIMITROV" box="[1128,1318,1348,1370]" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B fur Botanik und Zoologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="11 - 34" part="94" refId="ref6782" refString="KANEV, I., P. NOLLEN, I. VASSILEV, V. RADEV, AND V. DIMITROV. 1993. Redescription of Philophthalmus lucipetus (Rudolphi, 1819) (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae) with a discussion of its identity and characteristics. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B fur Botanik und Zoologie 94 / 95: 11 - 34." title="Redescription of Philophthalmus lucipetus (Rudolphi, 1819) (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae) with a discussion of its identity and characteristics" type="journal article" year="1993">Kanev et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by a combination of the following characteristics: the size of the whole body, the ratio of the width of the oral sucker to ventral sucker, the presence or absence of esophagus, the length of cirrus sac, the shape of testes, and the number of vitelline follicles. The new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Penner and Fried, 1963" authorityName="Penner and Fried" authorityYear="1963" box="[1011,1510,1495,1517]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hegeneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1257,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Philophthalmus hegeneri</emphasis>
|
||
Penner and Fried, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from North America and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1902" box="[1108,1247,1524,1545]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacrymosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1247,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. lacrymosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South America. The new species is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Penner and Fried" authorityYear="1963" box="[1213,1327,1553,1574]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hegeneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1213,1327,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. hegeneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of an esophagus, the smaller size ratio of the oral sucker to ventral sucker, and the enlargement of the cirrus sac beyond the posterior margin of the ventral sucker. When compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1902" box="[1369,1508,1641,1662]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacrymosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1369,1508,1641,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. lacrymosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a longer cirrus sac is distinctive of the new species. Further, the
|
||
<emphasis box="[845,884,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">28S</emphasis>
|
||
rDNA and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1075,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of the new species are quite different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1902" box="[1089,1231,1729,1750]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacrymosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1089,1231,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. lacrymosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1285,1357,1729,1751]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[141,198,1100,1119]" captionTargetBox="[234,1372,204,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-421@3.[234,1372,202,1073]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the family Philophthalmidae. The tree was made using sequences of 28S rDNA (874 nucleotide sites) under the substitution model GTRþI. The tree was rooted by the outgroup taxon, Sphaeridiotrema globulus (GQ890331). The outgroup was removed from the tree to save space. The isolates obtained in this study are highlighted in bold face. The DNA accession number of each philophthalmid is shown in parentheses. Bootstrap percentages are indicated at branching points. A scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094074/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1369,1402,1729,1751]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[168,225,1626,1645]" captionTargetBox="[244,1415,202,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[244,1415,202,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Mitochondrial DNA-based genetic analyses of philophthalmid species. (A) A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the genus Philophthalmus. The tree was made using sequences of COI (693 nucleotide sites) under the substitution model HKYþG. The DNA accession number of each taxon is shown in parentheses. The tree was rooted by the outgroup taxon, Fasciola hepatica (M93388). The outgroup was removed from the tree to save space. Bootstrap percentages are indicated at branching points. A scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide site. (B) A parsimony network of COI haplotypes (849 nucleotide sites) of Philophthalmus hechingeri n. sp. in a seashore of the Seto Inland Sea. The size of circles indicates the frequency of the haplotypes. Numerals within the circles mean the number of haplotypes. A closed circle indicates a haplotype, which is identical to that of Philophthalmus sp. from human in Aichi Prefecture (Sato et al., 2019). Tiny circles are hypothetical haplotypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7094076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[845,1515,1143,1956]" lastBlockId="7.[117,787,1191,1244]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
It is also possible to compare the larval stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sasaki & Miura & Nakao" authorityYear="2022" box="[1383,1514,1759,1780]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hechingeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1383,1514,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. hechingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Penner and Fried" authorityYear="1963" box="[980,1098,1788,1809]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hegeneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[980,1098,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. hegeneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have been described from the batillariid snail,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1015,1379,1817,1839]" class="Gastropoda" family="Batillariidae" genus="Lampanella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1015,1215,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Lampanella minima</emphasis>
|
||
(Gmelin, 1791)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in seashores of the Gulf of Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PENNER, L. R. & B. FRIED" box="[1086,1332,1846,1868]" firstAuthor="Penner and Fried" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Parasitology" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="974 - 977" part="49" refId="ref7482" refString="PENNER, L. R., AND B. FRIED. 1963. Philophthalmus hegeneri sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds. Journal of Parasitology 49: 974 - 977." title="Philophthalmus hegeneri sp. n., an ocular trematode from birds" type="journal article" year="1963">Penner and Fried, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Penner and Fried" authorityYear="1963" box="[1102,1220,1876,1897]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hegeneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1102,1220,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. hegeneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller size of the cercarial body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="TRIMBLE, J. J. & L. R. PENNER" box="[1018,1310,1905,1927]" firstAuthor="Trimble and Penner" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="373 - 379" part="186" refId="ref8070" refString="TRIMBLE, J. J., AND L. R. PENNER. 1971. A comparison of the larval stages of Philophthalmus hegeneri and P. larsoni (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 186: 373 - 379." title="A comparison of the larval stages of Philophthalmus hegeneri and P. larsoni (Trematoda: Philophthalmidae)" type="journal article" year="1971">Trimble and Penner, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The flask-shaped metacercarial cyst of the new species has a relatively longer neck than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Penner and Fried" authorityYear="1963" box="[261,378,1191,1212]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hegeneri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[261,378,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">P. hegeneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larval stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1902" box="[614,759,1191,1212]" class="Trematoda" family="Philophthalmidae" genus="Philophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacrymosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[614,759,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">P. lacrymosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, precluding comparison with its larval stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |