177 lines
25 KiB
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177 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="694512D1289A5AE5A1D74447E6AB7BF9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Philenis Champion 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182230644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:694512D1289A5AE5A1D74447E6AB7BF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/694512D1289A5AE5A1D74447E6AB7BF9" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName LSID="694512D1-289A-5AE5-A1D7-4447E6AB7BF9" authority="Champion, 1906 b: 43" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philenis Champion, 1906b: 43</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">, 35</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">, 53</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 99–102" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 99 - 102. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 99 a-b Peltophorus polymitus suffusus [ASUHIC 0016837]. 100 a-b Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528]. 101 a-b Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102]; scale bar for 101 a = 1 mm 102 a-b Zygops vitticollis [ASUHIC 0086634]; scale bar for 102 b = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures99–102" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143840" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">, 101</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis flavipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Philenis flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Champion, 1906 [by original designation].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Feminine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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The short, slender antenna and narrow, acuminate club are given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
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: 43) to distinguish the genus from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Copturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), which also separate it from the rest of the genera except for the observed South American specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypoplagius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypoplagius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Hypoplagius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis flavipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Philenis flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an unmodified mesoventrite but
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. fuscofemorata" order="Violales" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fuscofemorata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">P. fuscofemorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Champion, 1906 and three observed undescribed species have a large tubercle at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite with the posteromedial margin being strongly depressed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">17</figureCitation>
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). The two described species are easily distinguished for being the only known members of the putative bee mimicry complex (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="145 - 154" refId="B67" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 1995. Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 145 - 154" title="Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="14" year="1995">Hespenheide 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 150) with the contrasting yellow and black or brown pattern, but some observed undescribed species are not, with one being a representative of the "red-eyed fly" mimicry complex. The second funicular article is longer than the first, eyes are ovoid and somewhat protruding (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">53</figureCitation>
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), and the femora are non-carinate and ventrally toothed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
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: 44) notes that the pygidium is slightly exposed in
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. flavipes" order="Violales" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">P. flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but all observed specimens of that species have the last abdominal ventrites deflected downwards (i.e. not in their natural position during life) so this character has not been confirmed.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not moved to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" author="Lyal, CHC" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" pagination="203 - 241" refId="B105" refString="Lyal, CHC, Douglas, DA, Hine, SJ, 2006. Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4 (2): 203 - 241, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" title="Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" volume="4" year="2006">Lyal et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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despite having some type of modification to the mesoventrite because of a lack of sclerolepidia. The two described species,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. flavipes" order="Violales" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">P. flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caricaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. fuscofemorata" order="Violales" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fuscofemorata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">P. fuscofemorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lack sclerolepidia, however, observed specimens of three congeneric undescribed species do have sclerolepidia. The genus is not moved to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
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here due to the lack of a suitably identified sister genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="phylogenetic relationships">
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philenis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Philenis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was regarded by
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<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
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: 43) to be "closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Copturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] in its restricted sense", but the genus is not very similar in appearance to others in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zygopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zygopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zygopini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly, both the reported host association and the mesoventrite, which in some species has a deep semicircular depression, are similar to that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Host associations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">
|
||
One species has been collected from a "gall on an aroid stem" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="145 - 154" refId="B67" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 1995. Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 145 - 154" title="Mimicry in the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="14" year="1995">Hespenheide 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="described species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Described species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Two.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="92" type="range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="92">Costa Rica, Panama.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |