241 lines
28 KiB
XML
241 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="A617571698B58A530AC477B760D7DB8B" ID-CLB-Dataset="29028" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b92322c-8063-439b-87f1-4c2b2d55742f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458488" ID-ZooBank="B545851E-6B10-4D3F-B17B-2643BED06EFA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539288412448" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prado, André Wanderley Do, Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira & Machado, Miguel" docDate="2018" docId="5C486A3CFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E78FBF83A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epicadinus polyophthalmus Prado & Baptista & Machado 2018, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="A0711244FF8EFFBACF55FF937809FF88" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Epicadinus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Thomisidae)" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="230" updateTime="1698578120459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="ED262CA7A58B4DFB0B42F1BC5D2B4049" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4C60D2FA4BBF3E3473CA2C0A799F74FE">
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<mods:title id="398E49B56DBF6EE6333A8D2DAE5EDD0F">Taxonomic review of Epicadinus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="23A395A08F3D5A4B37B06F5FB965CB9F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3898664730263270C79010818CE56E20">Prado, André Wanderley Do</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="908D64587D79E32E348A18B8323146EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A630C2CFDA1A6E8CEB549DE352280C6B">Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F4B189F91E09BE92D0D83E9F52F392A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C7C45ADB7F3A6D434205AEC74660DB69">Machado, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F1ABC3ECDCE47A9A176226617BECBC62">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A2D77C7F4AAA290FCF4F1C8F5B552C74">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BA5483FB1DA48ACD485BCCA255E4E661">
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<mods:date id="C6BD608B2333F2826DB41EBEBE91D4CF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="496A8D7BFA8F7BCD6012D5CDA5796ADD">2018-08-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="34409B0E182E0B52B1750535317429FE">4459</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BCC4D489FDE58ED7093BDDE176BACAF1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5C486A3CFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E78FBF83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976019" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5976019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C486A3CFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E78FBF83A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C486A3CFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E78FBF83A" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<subSubSection id="9CFB88A1FF93FFA7CFC2FD6E7BC2FC9F" box="[151,971,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D45EDB2AFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E7BC2FC9F" blockId="29.[151,971,765,791]" box="[151,971,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<heading id="8F166C46FF93FFA7CFC2FD6E7BC2FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,971,765,791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2FD6E7BC2FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,971,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2FD6E7AE7FC9F" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1929)" authorityName="Prado & Baptista & Machado" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,750,765,791]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2FD6E79E0FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,489,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadinus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CEADFD6E7AEFFC9F" box="[504,742,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24568" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDA6BA43FF93FFA7CDA0FD6E7BC2FC9F" box="[757,971,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CFB88A1FF93FFA7CFC2FCD77B0CFCD2" box="[151,773,836,858]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D45EDB2AFF93FFA7CFC2FCD77B0CFCD2" blockId="29.[151,773,836,858]" box="[151,773,836,858]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F4F1FC04FF93FFA7CFC2FCD77B0CFCD2" box="[151,773,836,858]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2FCD77AB8FCD2" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1929: 102" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,689,836,858]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2FCD779B8FCD2" box="[151,433,836,858]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadinus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="5540FD3BFF93FFA7CEE2FCD77AB8FCD2" author="" box="[439,689,836,858]" page="102" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CEE2FCD77A76FCD2" box="[439,639,836,858]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24568" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 102
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 46.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CFB88A1FF93FFA7CFC2FC157D47FC17" box="[151,1358,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D45EDB2AFF93FFA7CFC2FC157D47FC17" blockId="29.[151,1437,902,1971]" box="[151,1358,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<materialsCitation id="6489D177FF93FFA7CFC2FC157D47FC17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355221" box="[151,1358,902,927]" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Col. Mello-Leitao" country="Brazil" location="Niteroi" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2FC1579CBFC17" bold="true" box="[151,450,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CFC2FC1578DBFC17" box="[151,210,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CE19FC1579B4FC17" box="[332,445,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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juvenile,
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<collectingCountry id="ACF69BBAFF93FFA7CD64FC147A9EFC17" box="[561,663,903,927]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CDF7FC157B41FC17" box="[674,840,902,927]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="D13E8DF1FF93FFA7CC06FC157BABFC17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C486A3CFF93FFA7CFC2FD6E78FBF83A:D13E8DF1FF93FFA7CC06FC157BABFC17" box="[851,930,902,927]" country="Brazil" name="Niteroi" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Niterói</location>
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(
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<collectionCode id="B2F043EFFF93FFA7CCE4FC147C09FC17" box="[945,1024,903,927]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectorName id="7914BEFCFF93FFA7CB5EFC157CDFFC17" box="[1035,1238,902,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Col. Mello-Leitão</collectorName>
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901), lost.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CFB88A1FF93FFA7CF92FC3F78FBF83A" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D45EDB2AFF93FFA7CF92FC3F78FBF83A" blockId="29.[151,1437,902,1971]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CF92FC3F7994FC4B" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[199,413,938,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CF92FC3F7994FC4B" box="[199,413,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">E. polyophthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on a female
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<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CDF3FC397B01FC4B" box="[678,776,938,963]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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from Niterói (state of
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<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CB4CFC397CCFFC4B" box="[1049,1222,938,963]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="ACF69BBAFF93FFA7CB80FC397D17FC4B" box="[1237,1310,938,963]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CA39FC387D95FC4B" box="[1388,1436,939,963]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">type</typeStatus>
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material should be deposited in MNRJ, but is considered lost (
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<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CCD4FC5D7C61FC6F" box="[897,1128,974,999]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref25123" refString="Silva-Moreira, T. (2010) On the collection of Thomisidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 67, 61 - 72." type="journal article">Silva-Moreira 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). It was not found in that collection, not even with new searches done by the authors. In the original description, Mello-Leitão highlights the following characters: small size (
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<quantity id="131976CFFF93FFA7CD59FB847A5AFBA7" box="[524,595,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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), very spiny tegument, tubercles between the lateral eyes, elevated crest in the carapace, and the color pattern, with black spots near the abdominal conical projections. The specimen illustration (
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<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CE4AFBCD7A47FBFF" box="[287,590,1118,1143]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24568" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão 1929: fig. 46</bibRefCitation>
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) highlights other important features, such as the broad opisthosoma, with a short and thin posterior conical projection, not exceeding the posterior margin of the opisthosoma, and the presence of long macrosetae only in the ventral portion of the legs. These features allowed us to recognize that the
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<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CA6FFB357D95FB37" box="[1338,1436,1190,1215]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFE3FB5F7980FB6B" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[182,393,1226,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFE3FB5F7980FB6B" box="[182,393,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">E. polyophthalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was actually a young specimen, not an adult female. As in
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CB7EFB597CA0FB6B" ID-CoL="4CWW" authorityName="Simon, 1895:" authorityYear="1052" box="[1067,1193,1226,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CB7EFB597CA0FB6B" box="[1067,1193,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CBE2FB597D16FB6B" ID-CoL="4CWX" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[1207,1311,1226,1251]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CBE2FB597D16FB6B" box="[1207,1311,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens have ocular tubercles separating the lateral eyes and a spiny tegument. However, they may be recognized by the presence of a spiny or high spiniform crest on the back of the carapace, and by the absence of robust setiferous tubercles, surmounted by long macrosetae, covering the tegument. It is important to consider that juveniles of
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2FAC978F6FAFB" ID-CoL="4CWX" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,255,1370,1395]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2FAC978F6FAFB" box="[151,255,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may not present the median crest of the carapace as high and prominent as the very conspicuous spiniform projections of the adults, and exhibit great variation of size and shape of the abdominal tubercles and color pattern. In juveniles, the paired tubercles may be very small and almost inconspicuous (R. Baptista pers. obs.).
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<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CF89FA5579C8FA57" box="[220,449,1478,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24568" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned the presence of two pairs of very weak, ventral paired "spines" (macrosetae) in the tarsi, but this characteristic is probably an erroneous interpretation of spininiform bristles a little more robust, since the genera of
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CEDCF99D7A24F9AF" authorityName="Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1871" box="[393,557,1550,1575]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stephanopinae">Stephanopinae</taxonomicName>
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do not have paired macrosetae on the tarsi. Among the valid species of
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2F9A178F6F9C3" ID-CoL="4CWX" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,255,1586,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2F9A178F6F9C3" box="[151,255,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the illustration and description of
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<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CDC9F9A17BDEF9C3" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[668,983,1586,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
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<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CDC9F9A17BDEF9C3" box="[668,983,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadinus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
indicates that it may be a synonym of some species found in or near
|
|
<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CEBAF9C57A9BF9E7" box="[495,658,1622,1647]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
state:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CD89F9C57C99F9E7" ID-CoL="6G3DV" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1924" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1924" box="[732,1168,1622,1647]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripes">
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|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CD89F9C57BA2F9E7" box="[732,939,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus rubripes</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CCE6F9C57C99F9E7" box="[947,1168,1622,1647]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24538" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1924) Algumas aranhas novas do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 1, 275 - 281." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CBC9F9C5794FF91B" ID-CoL="6FRDW" authority="(Roewer, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taczanowskii">
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|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CBC9F9C57D95F9E7" box="[1180,1436,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus taczanowskii</emphasis>
|
|
(
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|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CFCBF9E87934F91B" box="[158,317,1658,1683]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref25052" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1951) Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Uereins zu Bremen, 32, 437 - 456." type="journal article">Roewer, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
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|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CE39F9E97B7FF91B" ID-CoL="6FRDL" authority="(Taczanowski, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Taczanowski" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[364,886,1658,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus">
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|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CE39F9E97A88F91B" box="[364,641,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus trituberculatus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CDC5F9E97B67F91B" box="[656,878,1658,1683]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref25419" refString="Taczanowski, L. (1872) Les Araneides de la Guyane Francaise. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 9, 64 - 112." type="journal article">Taczanowski, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
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|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CCD4F9E97C59F91B" ID-CoL="6G3DV" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1924" box="[897,1104,1658,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripes">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CCD4F9E97C59F91B" box="[897,1104,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus rubripes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CBD2F9E97D92F91B" ID-CoL="6FRDL" baseAuthorityName="Taczanowski" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1159,1435,1658,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CBD2F9E97D92F91B" box="[1159,1435,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus trituberculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
are common in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CE03F90D7A0AF93F" box="[342,515,1694,1719]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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|
and have been recorded from Niterói (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CC89F90D7D52F93F" box="[988,1371,1694,1719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref25168" refString="Silva-Moreira, T. & Machado, M. (2016) Taxonomic revision of the crab spider genus Epicadus Simon, 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 281 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.4" type="journal article">Silva-Moreira & Machado 2016</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2F9517991F953" ID-CoL="6FRDW" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,408,1730,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taczanowskii">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2F9517991F953" box="[151,408,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus taczanowskii</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been recorded from the nearby states of
|
|
<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CCC3F9517C3EF953" box="[918,1079,1730,1755]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="162515C8FF93FFA7CB3AF9507CEBF953" box="[1135,1250,1730,1755]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CBA4F95178DDF977" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24473" refString="Machado, M., Teixeira, R. A. & Lise, A. A. (2018) There and back again: more on the taxonomy of the crab spiders genus Epicadus (Thomisidae: Stephanopinae). Zootaxa, 4382 (3), 501 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4382.3.4" type="journal article">
|
|
Machado
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CA36F9577D9CF953" box="[1379,1429,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). So,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CE73F9757A60F977" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1929" box="[294,617,1766,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CE73F9757A60F977" box="[294,617,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadinus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clearly belongs to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CC3DF9757BD9F977" ID-CoL="4CWX" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[872,976,1766,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CC3DF9757BD9F977" box="[872,976,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and should be refered as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CA61F9757A49F8AB" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1929)" authorityName="Prado & Baptista & Machado" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CA61F9757943F8AB" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B070A6DBFF93FFA7CE0FF8997A31F8AB" box="[346,568,1802,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" refId="ref24568" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1929) Aphantochilidas e Thomisidas do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 31, 9 - 359." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDA6BA43FF93FFA7CD1CF8997AC2F8AB" box="[585,715,1802,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CD1CF8997AC2F8AB" bold="true" box="[585,715,1802,1827]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
Some characteristics mentioned in the description indicate that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CFC2F8BD79B3F8CF" authorityName="Prado & Baptista & Machado" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,442,1838,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CFC2F8BD79B3F8CF" box="[151,442,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CD95F8BD7BC8F8CF" ID-CoL="6FRDW" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[704,961,1838,1863]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taczanowskii">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CD95F8BD7BC8F8CF" box="[704,961,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus taczanowskii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, such as the very spiny tegument (mainly in the carapace), all three abdominal conical projections with thin tips, and the posterior conical projection not too high. However, as the immature
|
|
<typeStatus id="0B5A6588FF93FFA7CD5DF8E57A63F807" box="[520,618,1910,1935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13E1A0A9FF93FFA7CDC7F8E57BBCF807" authorityName="Prado & Baptista & Machado" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[658,949,1910,1935]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Epicadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyophthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CDC7F8E57BBCF807" box="[658,949,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Epicadus polyophthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is lost, we prefer to consider it as a
|
|
<emphasis id="E6950738FF93FFA7CA04F8EB78E2F83B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |