100 lines
9.1 KiB
XML
100 lines
9.1 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2346" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7eaca137-6ad6-4761-b1bd-e673477465f6" ID-PMC="PMC3234408" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-149-39" ID-PubMed="22207793" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-149-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 149" ModsDocTitle="The genus Neotherina Dognin (Geometridae, Ennominae) in Costa Rica" checkinTime="1451249588028" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sullivan, J. Bolling & Chacon, Isidro" docDate="2011" docId="2CAA26B01CD156B7C15ABA88789E7AD4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 149: 39-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 149" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2346" docTitle="Neotherina imperilla Dognin 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="A573CF412C37831CE42AFFC7BB562551" masterDocTitle="The genus Neotherina Dognin (Geometridae, Ennominae) in Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668152813974" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Neotherina Dognin (Geometridae, Ennominae) in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chacon, Isidro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>149</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>49</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2346</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2346</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-149-39</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2CAA26B01CD156B7C15ABA88789E7AD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CAA26B01CD156B7C15ABA88789E7AD4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Neotherina_imperilla" authority="Dognin, 1911" authorityName="Dognin" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina imperilla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperilla">Neotherina imperilla (Dognin, 1911)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Two specimens in the INBio collections were identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina imperilla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperilla">Neotherina imperilla</taxonomicName>
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by Linda Pitkin during her work on the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
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of Costa Rica (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin, L" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoolologia" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="21 - 155" title="A checklist to the Ennominae (Geometridae) of Costa Rica: taxonomy for a national biodiversity inventory." volume="60" year="1996">Pitkin et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Superficially they resemble the type (USNM) except that the type is quite faded. The species looks very much like those currently placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lambdina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lambdina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lambdina</taxonomicName>
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. The ground color is orange brown with distinct medial and postmedial lines crossing the forewings. The scaling on the head, thorax and abdomen is orange with the region between the antennal bases and collar being brighter in color. There is no dorsal tuft on the metathorax. Notable characters include the male bipectinate antennae and small orange spots distal of the junction of the postmedial line and the anal edge of the forewing and proximal to the medial line and anal edge of both wings. There is a very small extension at vein M3 of both wings. The genitalia of a male from the INBio collection (Fig. 1b, c) closely resembles that of the male figured in
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<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="121 - 401" title="Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." url="doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.01200.x" volume="135" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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but there appear to be slight differences in the shape of the uncus and perhaps in the structures of the vesica (not everted in
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<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="121 - 401" title="Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." url="doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.01200.x" volume="135" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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. The female genitalia (Fig. 1e) are figured for the first time but there is no female from the type locality at the USNM for comparison. Since few geometrid species are shared between the Costa Rican and South American fauna (Janzen, Brehm and Sullivan, unpubl. data), the taxonomic status of Costa Rican
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina imperilla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperilla">Neotherina imperilla</taxonomicName>
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should be re-evaluated when more study material becomes available.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina imperilla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperilla">Neotherina imperilla</taxonomicName>
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male adult 1a genital capsule 1b aedeagus 1c female adult 1d and female genitalia 1e
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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The wing pattern of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina imperilla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperilla">Neotherina imperilla</taxonomicName>
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is similar to many species in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lambdina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lambdina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lambdina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nephodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephodia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephodia</taxonomicName>
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, and unplaced species that occur at similar altitudes. It may be distinguished by the rounded apex and orange-brown color of the forewings. Similar (probably undescribed) species have a more pointed apex and the ground color is reddish or purplish.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Nothing is known about the life history of this species. It has been collected on the western slope of the Cordillera
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcánica">Volcanica</normalizedToken>
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de Guanacaste, the western slope of the Cordillera de Tilaran, both western and eastern slopes of the Cordillera
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcánica">Volcanica</normalizedToken>
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Central and both slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca and the Fila
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Costeña">Costena</normalizedToken>
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. Most specimens at INBio (44) come from 1100-1700 m on the western slopes but this may reflect the absence of collecting access to eastern slopes above 900 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |