193 lines
20 KiB
XML
193 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600058" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Deltocyathoides sentus Kitahara & Cairns 2021" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kitahara & Cairns, 2021" authorityName="Kitahara & Cairns" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathoides sentus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sentus">Deltocyathoides sentus Kitahara & Cairns, 2021</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A, B Cyathotrochus pileus (SAMC _ A 087424, off Durban, 270 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Deltocyathoides orientalis (BIVa 2, locality unknown, 80) C calicular view D basal view E, F Deltocyathoides sentus (USNM 91551, off Shaka's Rock, 300 m) G, H Sphenotrochus (Eusthenotrochus) gilchristi (SAMC _ A 090086, off Cape Point, 24 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus (SAM _ H 1416, off the Agulhas, 366 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) evexicostatus (SAMC _ A 090085, locality data unknown, 43 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) imbricaticostatus (USNM 91715 _ Holotype, off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 44 m) K calicular view L lateral view O, P Tropidocyathus lessonii (SAMC _ A 073218, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A-H, J-M, O-P); 2 mm (I, N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 15E, F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus lens" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lens">Deltocyathus lens</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">. -Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 198.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">Deltocyathus italicus</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="767 - 784" refId="B331" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974a. Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54 (4): 767 - 784" title="Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea)." volume="54" year="1974 a">Zibrowius 1974a</bibRefCitation>
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: 756-757.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Deltocyathus</taxonomicName>
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sp. A. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 245-246, fig. 5G, H.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus sentus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sentus">Deltocyathus sentus</taxonomicName>
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Kitahara & Cairns, 2021: 101-102, figs 40, 41G-I.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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USNM 91551 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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): Eastern margin,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="km" value="33.0">33 km</quantity>
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from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="SHAKA’S">SHAKA'S</normalizedToken>
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ROCK/
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="km" value="34.0">34 km</quantity>
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off Tongati Estuary,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.99" value="-29.73833">29°44'17.99"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="31.460001">31°27'36.00"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<specimenCount type="generic">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Corallum unattached, shaped as a bowl with a pointed epicentre base. Calice circular, with serrate calicular margin. Specimen examined 10.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9.8 mm in CD, and 6.3 mm in H. Costae granular, rounded, wider near calicular margin, and progressively smaller in width toward base. Only C1-2 extend towards pointed base. Intercostal spaces deep, also being wider near calicular margin, and progressively getting narrower towards base. Corallum white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S1> S2> S4> S3 (total of 48 septa). S1 most exsert, septa independent, bearing the largest and highest pali, which are separated from septa by a deep notch. Higher cycle septa (S2-4) becoming progressively less exsert. S2 slightly smaller than S1, also with a deep notch before a smaller palus. S3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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the width of S2, with small pali. S4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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wider than S3, with a pali slightly smaller than P2. P4 extend towards columella where it forms delta with adjacent P2. Sharp granules present on septal and palar faces. Moderately deep fossa, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of intertwined rods.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Shaka’s">Shaka's</normalizedToken>
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Rock; 300 m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Elsewhere: Zanzibar
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<bibRefCitation author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">(Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
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); Madagascar (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="767 - 784" refId="B331" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974a. Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54 (4): 767 - 784" title="Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea)." volume="54" year="1974 a">Zibrowius 1974a</bibRefCitation>
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); New Caledonia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
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); 217-1400 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This taxon is based on the conical
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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, who also suggested that it may be similar to the species mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="767 - 784" refId="B331" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974a. Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54 (4): 767 - 784" title="Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea)." volume="54" year="1974 a">Zibrowius (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
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from Madagascar.
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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additionally emphasiszed the differences in the rounded and granular costae, relatively small P3, and moderately deep fossa; features with are in agreement with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kitahara & Cairns" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathoides sentus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sentus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathoides sentus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kitahara & Cairns, 2021 recently reported from New Caledonia. In addition;
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<taxonomicName family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="D." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sentus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sentus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. sentus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the only other congener (
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<taxonomicName family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="D." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. orientalis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by having a pointed epicentre, palar faces bearing lateral ridges, S3 being less wider that S4. The specimen reported herein therefore confirms that
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<taxonomicName family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="D." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sentus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sentus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. sentus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be found in shallow waters than previously reported (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |