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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587" ID-GBIF-Dataset="769a955d-d535-4402-86fb-884b3c123298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873144" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-15-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-4049-15-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 15" ModsDocTitle="New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data" checkinTime="1473366568713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barge, Edward G. &amp; Cripps, Cathy L." docDate="2016" docId="210BD670685E8A700E899ACF8C31E280" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 15: 1-58" docOrigin="MycoKeys 15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587" docTitle="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis Hesler &amp; A. H. Sm." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFD1F118FFEC24262B7BCF2E5547923D" masterDocTitle="New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1643499973714" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barge, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cripps, Cathy L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>58</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-15-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210BD670685E8A700E899ACF8C31E280" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210BD670685E8A700E899ACF8C31E280" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taxon classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1.
<taxonomicName authority="Hesler &amp; A. H. Sm." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis Hesler &amp; A.H. Sm.</taxonomicName>
Figure 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Pileus 8-20 mm in diameter (to 80 mm in
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
), plano-convex to infundibuliform,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
papillate, dry, finely rimulose to minutely squamulose, red-brown to orange-brown to pinkish cinnamon; margin finely crenulate, incurved when young, becoming straight to wavy in age. Lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, subdistant to crowded, cream to creamy tan, discoloring slightly darker where damaged. Stipe 8-23
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-8 mm (30-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-15 mm in
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith 1979</bibRefCitation>
), equal to slightly clavate, smooth, dry, pale creamy yellow to creamy tan, solid, becoming hollow. Context concolorous with pileus. Latex scarce, watery, white, unchanging. Odor mild. Taste mild.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Basidiospores 7-9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, Q = 1.3-1.5, ellipsoid; ornamentation forming a broken to partial reticulum. Pleuromacrocystidia 60-100
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, numerous, strongly projecting, mucronate to fusoid; apex acute to moniliform. Cheilomacrocystidia 50-80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, numerous, strongly projecting, mucronate to fusoid; apex acute to moniliform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
In western and into eastern North America with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
. In the GYE only one collection has been made thus far and it was from a riparian area near
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus incana" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">Alnus incana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus trichocarpa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocarpa">Populus trichocarpa</taxonomicName>
, late summer. Further sampling under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
in the Rocky Mountains is necessary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
U.S.A. MONTANA: Carbon County, Red Lodge, along Rock Creek, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus incana" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">Alnus incana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus trichocarpa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocarpa">Populus trichocarpa</taxonomicName>
, 6 Sept 2015, EB161-15 (MONT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
This is the first report of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
from the GYE. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
has duller pileus and lamellae colors than
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">Lactarius alpinus</taxonomicName>
v.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">alpinus</taxonomicName>
Peck, which typically develops bright yellow to apricot colors; variety
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius mitis var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="mitis" variety="mitis">mitis</taxonomicName>
also has longer and more conspicuous macrocystidia and a mild rather than slowly acrid taste. The collection described here likely did not reach full maturity, and the basidiomes are smaller than reported in
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
. Phylogenetic analyses including material of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">Lactarius alpinus</taxonomicName>
v.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">alpinus</taxonomicName>
from near the type locality suggest that
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">Lactarius alpinus</taxonomicName>
v.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">alpinus</taxonomicName>
are distinct species (Figure 2A, 2C), however a more in depth analysis incorporating type material of at least
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
should be carried out before making this determination final. For an interesting discussion on
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">Lactarius alpinus</taxonomicName>
see
<bibRefCitation author="Nuytinck, J" journalOrPublisher="Omphalina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="12 - 14" title="Lactariusalpinus." volume="7" year="2016">Nuytinck and Voitk (2016)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Rochet, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="40 - 50" title="Comparative phylogenies and host specialization in the alder ectomycorrhizal fungi Alnicola, Alpova and Lactarius (Basidiomycota) in Europe." url="10.1186/1471-2148-11-40" volume="11" year="2011">Rochet et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
While
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
appears to be quite distantly related to
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">Lactarius alpinus</taxonomicName>
v.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="alpinus">alpinus</taxonomicName>
, it is very closely related to the European
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lilacinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lilacinus">Lactarius lilacinus</taxonomicName>
(Lasch) Fr., the recently described Mexican
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuspidoaurantiacus">Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus</taxonomicName>
Montoya, Bandala &amp; Garay-Serr., and to a lesser extent
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lepidotus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lepidotus">Lactarius lepidotus</taxonomicName>
Hesler &amp; A.H. Sm., all of which are also associated with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
(Figure 2A).
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lilacinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lilacinus">Lactarius lilacinus</taxonomicName>
is typically more pink to violet in color and has a fruity smell.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuspidoaurantiacus">Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus</taxonomicName>
appears to have more yellow-orange basidiomes, more orange colored, distant lamellae, and a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Pelargonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pelargonium" order="Geraniales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pelargonium</taxonomicName>
-like odor (
<bibRefCitation author="Montoya, L" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="949 - 962" title="Two new species of Lactarius associated with Alnusacuminatasubsp. arguta in Mexico." url="10.3852/14-006" volume="106" year="2014">Montoya et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lepidotus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lepidotus">Lactarius lepidotus</taxonomicName>
has a more gray-brown to beige pileus. Neither
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lilacinus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lilacinus">Lactarius lilacinus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuspidoaurantiacus">Lactarius cuspidoaurantiacus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius lepidotus" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lepidotus">Lactarius lepidotus</taxonomicName>
have been reported from the Rocky Mountains.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius alpinus var. mitis" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="alpinus" variety="mitis">Lactarius alpinus v. mitis</taxonomicName>
. Top collection EB161-15 under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus incana" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">Alnus incana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus trichocarpa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichocarpa">Populus trichocarpa</taxonomicName>
, Red Lodge, Montana, USA. Bottom collection EB516-15 under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus rubra" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">Alnus rubra</taxonomicName>
, western Oregon, USA. Scale bars: 2 cm. Photos by E. Barge.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>