treatments-xml/data/11/0B/87/110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0101" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910814" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683579509749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herbert, D. G. &amp; Moussalli, A." docDate="2010" docId="110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.51.1.1-132.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 51 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0101" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Natalina quekettiana subsp. lucaris Herbert &amp; Moussalli 2010, subsp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="ED32FFBAFF84FFD4D64DFFDCFFE7FFCB" masterDocTitle="Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1683603054810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Herbert, D. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Moussalli, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2010-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number>51</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7HHV2" authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[401,740,339,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="quekettiana" status="subsp. n." subSpecies="lucaris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[401,740,339,364]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Natalina quekettiana lucaris</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[747,846,339,364]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subSpecies">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph blockId="58.[395,853,339,404]" box="[395,853,379,404]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<figureCitation box="[395,497,379,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[143,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[151,1096,1194,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-368@18.[151,1096,1194,1513]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Spermatophores of Capitina, Afrorhytida and Natalina (all NMSA):(A) C. calcicola sp. n. (paratype, W5670/T2265), length 8.2 mm; (B) A. burseyae sp. n. (paratype, W5231/T2260), length 10.5 mm; (C) A. kraussi kraussi (W5803), length 20 mm; (D) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (paratype, E7682/T2375), length 16.3 mm; (E) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm; (F) N. wesseliana (V7668), length 32 mm. The head of the spermatophore is uppermost in all cases and the lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910838/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 10E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[509,592,379,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[181,214,1470,1490]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,240,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-10@19.[189,1134,240,1450]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 11. Suprapedal glands of Capitina, Afrorhytida and Natalina (all NMSA): (A) C. schaerfiae (W5672), scale bar = 5.0 mm; (B) A. knysnaensis (W3351), scale bar = 5.0 mm; (C, D) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (W3310): (C) pedal cavity with suprapedal gland in situ, scale bar = 10 mm; (D) dissected gland, scale bar = 5.0 mm; (E, F) N. wesseliana (V7668): (E) entire gland, scale bar = 20 mm; (F) enlargement of distal end showing terminal vesicle, scale bar = 5.0 mm; (G) N. cafra cafra (W4220), scale bar = 10 mm. Abbreviations: asg – aperture of suprapedal gland, pa – pedal artery, v – vesicle at posterior end of suprapedal gland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910842/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">11C, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[603,652,379,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[181,214,1479,1499]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,787,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-231@23.[189,1134,787,1462]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Natalina s.s. genital system: (A, B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (paratype, NMSA E7682/T2375): (A) entire reproductive tract, scale bar = 10 mm; (B) oviduct caecum (with spermatophore), teased away from free oviduct, scale bar = 5.0 mm; (C) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, NMSA W3305/T2559), oviduct caecum (with spermatophore) twisted around free oviduct and base of spermoviduct, scale bar = 5.0 mm.Abbreviations: ag – albumen gland, bc – bursa copulatrix, bd – bursa copulatrix duct, ep – epiphallus,fod – free oviduct,ga – genital atrium, hd – hermaphrodite duct, oc – oviduct caecum, ot – ovotestis, p – penis, pr – penial retractor muscle, s – spermatophore, sod – spermoviduct, v – vagina, vd – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910844/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[664,708,379,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[181,214,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-239@25.[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Natalina s.s. spermatophores (all NMSA): (A) N.cafra amathole subsp. n. (W4193), length 21 mm; (B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (W7136), length 18.3 mm; (C) N. cafra eumacta (W4055, Manubi Forest), distorted spermatophore with finger-like process on tail region, length 12 mm; (D) N. c. eumacta (W4160, Manubi Forest), well preserved spermatophore lacking finger-like process on tail region, length 18.5 mm; (E) N. beyrichi (W4123), length 25.8 mm; (F) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm. The lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910850/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">14F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[719,768,379,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[144,177,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,455,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-97@52.[144,1104,455,1504]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 35. Natalina quekettiana complex, living animals and eggs (all NMSA):(A) N. q. quekettiana, Ferncliffe, Pietermaritzburg (W6646), shell diameter 31.3 mm; (B) N. q. lucaris subsp. n., Ngome Forest (paratype, V2249/T2563), shell diameter 29.4 mm; (C) N. q. dracomontana subsp. n., Injasuthi (holotype, V7992/T2451), shell diameter 27.2 mm; (D) N. q. dracomontana subsp. n., Monk’s Cowl area (paratype, W4101/T2452), shell diameter 26.4 mm; (E) N. q. montistempli subsp. n., Oqalweni, Cathedral Peak (holotype, W4084/T2422), shell diameter 23.9 mm; (F) N. q. quekettiana, eggs (W6646), scale in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910907/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">35B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[780,853,379,404]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="57.[181,214,869,889]" captionStartId-1="58.[144,177,1577,1597]" captionStartId-2="59.[181,214,666,686]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1059,205,856]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetBox-2="[208,1112,206,653]" captionTargetId-0="figure-287@57.[262,1059,201,856]" captionTargetId-1="figure-256@58.[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetId-2="figure-406@59.[198,1120,198,661]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="58" captionTargetPageId-2="59" captionText-0="Fig. 38. Distribution of Natalina quekettiana quekettiana (Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1893) (squares), N.q. lucaris subsp. n. (triangles) and Natalina inhluzana (Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1894) (circles). Symbols with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." captionText-1="Fig. 39. Natalina quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (all NMSA): (A–C) holotype (W3310/T2557), diameter 38.4 mm; (D) paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 37.5 mm; (E) subadult paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 34.9 mm; (F) largest paratype, Nkandla Forest (W1114/ T2562), diameter 43.0 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 40. Natalina quekettiana lucaris subsp. n., radula (paratype, NMSA W3305/T2559): (A) rachidian and lateral teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910914" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910918" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910920" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7910914/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7910918/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7910920/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">38–40</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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Etymology: From Latin 
<emphasis box="[429,489,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">lucus</emphasis>
(a sacred grove or forest); in reference to the many traditionally sacred sites within the forests of central and southern Zululand, in particular Ngome and Nkandla Forests.
</paragraph>
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Identification (
<figureCitation box="[309,394,529,554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[144,177,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-256@58.[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 39. Natalina quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (all NMSA): (A–C) holotype (W3310/T2557), diameter 38.4 mm; (D) paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 37.5 mm; (E) subadult paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 34.9 mm; (F) largest paratype, Nkandla Forest (W1114/ T2562), diameter 43.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910918/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
): For general description see 
<emphasis box="[725,917,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
N. q. 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1898" box="[785,917,529,553]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quekettiana">quekettiana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
above. Attains a larger size than any of the other taxa in the 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1898" box="[649,816,561,585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quekettiana">
<emphasis box="[649,816,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">N. quekettiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (adult diameter&gt; 
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); spire frequently also more elevated and periphery close to mid-whorl; axial riblets usually remaining distinct on base, but not always so; radula with six pairs of lateral teeth per transverse row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="58.[144,1104,529,1012]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
As in 
<emphasis box="[235,425,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
N. q. 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1898" box="[293,425,689,713]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quekettiana">quekettiana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, fresh specimens have a darker brown apical surface and frequently a distinctly greenish base, but the contrast fades to a less intense yellowish brown and olive-green with time.
</paragraph>
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Dimensions: 
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: diameter 
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, height 
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; largest specimen (W1114/ T2562, Nkandla Forest), diameter 43.0 mm; H:D of adults 0.58–0.71 (N=11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="58.[144,1104,529,1012]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Living animal (
<figureCitation box="[315,417,859,884]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[144,177,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,455,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-97@52.[144,1104,455,1504]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 35. Natalina quekettiana complex, living animals and eggs (all NMSA):(A) N. q. quekettiana, Ferncliffe, Pietermaritzburg (W6646), shell diameter 31.3 mm; (B) N. q. lucaris subsp. n., Ngome Forest (paratype, V2249/T2563), shell diameter 29.4 mm; (C) N. q. dracomontana subsp. n., Injasuthi (holotype, V7992/T2451), shell diameter 27.2 mm; (D) N. q. dracomontana subsp. n., Monk’s Cowl area (paratype, W4101/T2452), shell diameter 26.4 mm; (E) N. q. montistempli subsp. n., Oqalweni, Cathedral Peak (holotype, W4084/T2422), shell diameter 23.9 mm; (F) N. q. quekettiana, eggs (W6646), scale in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910907/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
): Head-foot dark grey-black dorsally, sides of foot paler; neck region lacking paler, dorsolateral, longitudinal stripes; tentacles dark grey-black; margin of foot fringed with yellow or orange-yellow, mantle edge bright sulphur-yellow to orange; lung wall usually heavily mottled with dots and anastomosing blotches of black pigmentation.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="58.[144,1104,1577,1669]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Fig. 39. 
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<emphasis box="[224,487,1578,1598]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Natalina quekettiana lucaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[495,578,1577,1597]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subSpecies">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(all NMSA): (A–C) holotype (W3310/T2557), diameter 38.4 mm; (D) paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 37.5 mm; (E) subadult paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 34.9 mm; (F) largest paratype, Nkandla Forest (W1114/ T2562), diameter 43.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Fig. 40. 
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<emphasis box="[255,513,667,687]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Natalina quekettiana lucaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[517,598,666,686]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="subSpecies">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, radula (paratype, NMSA W3305/T2559): (A) rachidian and lateral teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,754,843]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Radula (
<figureCitation box="[276,362,754,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[181,214,666,686]" captionTargetBox="[208,1112,206,653]" captionTargetId="figure-406@59.[198,1120,198,661]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 40. Natalina quekettiana lucaris subsp. n., radula (paratype, NMSA W3305/T2559): (A) rachidian and lateral teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910920/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
): Like that of 
<emphasis box="[518,783,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Pilsbry" authorityYear="1893" box="[518,616,754,778]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Natalina</taxonomicName>
q. 
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</emphasis>
, but with fewer transverse rows and only six lateral teeth per half row; formula 1+6+(17–20) (N=6, one in BMNH, Piele coll.); length up to 
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, with 49–66 broadly V-shaped transverse rows of teeth.
</paragraph>
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Distal genitalia: As for 
<emphasis box="[443,707,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Pilsbry" authorityYear="1893" box="[443,541,861,885]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Natalina</taxonomicName>
q. 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1898" box="[576,707,861,885]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quekettiana">quekettiana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1141,903,959]" lastBlockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation country="South Africa" elevation="620" latitude="-28.88836" location="Spermatophore" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.38007" municipality="Described" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD6F8FC5BFEB9FC6B" box="[181,350,903,928]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.88836" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.38007" municipality="Described" name="Spermatophore" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Spermatophore</location>
(
<figureCitation box="[363,465,903,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[181,214,1479,1499]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,787,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-231@23.[189,1134,787,1462]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Natalina s.s. genital system: (A, B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (paratype, NMSA E7682/T2375): (A) entire reproductive tract, scale bar = 10 mm; (B) oviduct caecum (with spermatophore), teased away from free oviduct, scale bar = 5.0 mm; (C) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, NMSA W3305/T2559), oviduct caecum (with spermatophore) twisted around free oviduct and base of spermoviduct, scale bar = 5.0 mm.Abbreviations: ag – albumen gland, bc – bursa copulatrix, bd – bursa copulatrix duct, ep – epiphallus,fod – free oviduct,ga – genital atrium, hd – hermaphrodite duct, oc – oviduct caecum, ot – ovotestis, p – penis, pr – penial retractor muscle, s – spermatophore, sod – spermoviduct, v – vagina, vd – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910844/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[474,522,903,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[181,214,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-239@25.[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Natalina s.s. spermatophores (all NMSA): (A) N.cafra amathole subsp. n. (W4193), length 21 mm; (B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (W7136), length 18.3 mm; (C) N. cafra eumacta (W4055, Manubi Forest), distorted spermatophore with finger-like process on tail region, length 12 mm; (D) N. c. eumacta (W4160, Manubi Forest), well preserved spermatophore lacking finger-like process on tail region, length 18.5 mm; (E) N. beyrichi (W4123), length 25.8 mm; (F) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm. The lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910850/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">14F</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingMunicipality box="[539,651,903,928]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Described</collectingMunicipality>
and illustrated above in discussion of generic characters. 
<typeStatus box="[181,265,976,996]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation box="[278,395,976,996]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[144,177,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-256@58.[144,1104,1053,1569]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 39. Natalina quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (all NMSA): (A–C) holotype (W3310/T2557), diameter 38.4 mm; (D) paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 37.5 mm; (E) subadult paratype, Ngome Forest (W3305/T2559), diameter 34.9 mm; (F) largest paratype, Nkandla Forest (W1114/ T2562), diameter 43.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910918/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 39A–C</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingCountry box="[410,577,976,996]" name="South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[585,628,976,996]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">KZN</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName authority="Nat. Res." authorityName="Nat. Res." box="[641,822,976,996]" class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Proandricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entumeni">Entumeni Nat. Res.</taxonomicName>
, (
<geoCoordinate box="[837,943,975,996]" degrees="28.88836" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-28.88836">28.88836°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[946,1061,975,996]" degrees="31.38007" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="31.38007">31.38007°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[1078,1138,976,996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="620.0">
<elevation box="[1078,1138,976,996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" box="[181,1010,1000,1020]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
scarp forest, under log, A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox, 
<date box="[676,781,1000,1020]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2003-12-24">24/xii/2003</date>
(NMSA W3310/T2557).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-01-19" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="South Africa" elevation="1200" latitude="-27.827" location="Ngome Forest" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="31.415" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="V657" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[181,275,1035,1055]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry box="[284,453,1035,1055]" name="South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[461,504,1035,1055]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">KZN</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD448FBD7FD6EFBD4" box="[517,649,1035,1055]" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.827" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="31.415" name="Ngome Forest" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ngome Forest</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[661,747,1034,1055]" degrees="27.827" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-27.827">27.827°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[749,843,1034,1055]" degrees="31.415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="31.415">31.415°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[861,932,1035,1055]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation box="[861,932,1035,1055]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mist-belt 
<taxonomicName box="[1030,1141,1035,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1030,1141,1035,1055]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, dead under log near camp site, 
<collectorName box="[535,637,1059,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[646,735,1059,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1995-01-19">
<collectingDate box="[646,735,1059,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1995-01-19">19/i/1995</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[747,813,1059,1079]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[819,871,1059,1079]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">V657</specimenCode>
/T2560, 
<specimenCount box="[949,1058,1059,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-01-08" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="1100" latitude="-27.80177" location="Ngome Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.43765" municipality="Ntendeka" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="BMNH 20100125, W3128" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-juvenile="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD27FFBFFFF16FB84" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.80177" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.43765" municipality="Ntendeka" name="Ngome Forest" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ngome Forest</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[253,341,1083,1103]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ntendeka</collectingMunicipality>
wilderness area (
<geoCoordinate box="[508,616,1082,1103]" degrees="27.80177" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-27.80177">27.80177°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[619,736,1082,1103]" degrees="31.43765" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="31.43765">31.43765°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[755,828,1083,1103]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation box="[755,828,1083,1103]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mist-belt forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[297,423,1107,1127]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[431,518,1107,1127]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2004-01-08">
<collectingDate box="[431,518,1107,1127]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2004-01-08">08/i/2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode box="[528,695,1107,1127]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">BMNH 20100125</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[703,807,1107,1127]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; 
<collectionCode box="[815,879,1107,1127]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[883,950,1107,1127]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">W3128</specimenCode>
/T2566, 
<specimenCount box="[1025,1139,1107,1127]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
; W3305/T2559, 
<specimenCount box="[324,436,1131,1151]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
; W3306/T2564, 
<specimenCount box="[586,674,1131,1151]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
specimens)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-12-14" collectingDateMax="2249-05" collectingDateMin="1995-12-14" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="South Africa" elevation="1110" latitude="-27.8281" location="Ngome Forest" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="31.419" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD55AFBB7FC70FBB4" box="[791,919,1131,1151]" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.8281" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="31.419" name="Ngome Forest" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ngome Forest</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[929,1024,1130,1151]" degrees="27.8281" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="-27.8281">27.8281°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[1027,1130,1130,1151]" degrees="31.4190" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="31.419">31.4190°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[181,252,1155,1175]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1110.0">
<elevation box="[181,252,1155,1175]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1110.0">1110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mist-belt section of forest, mostly under logs, 
<collectorName box="[688,789,1155,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[798,904,1155,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1995-12-14">
<collectingDate box="[798,904,1155,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1995-12-14">14/xii/1995</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[917,984,1155,1175]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<date box="[989,1053,1155,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2249-05">
<collectingDate box="[989,1053,1155,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2249-05">V2249</collectingDate>
</date>
/T2563, 
<specimenCount pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-10-20" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; M. Bursey &amp; Nangammbi" country="South Africa" elevation="1200" latitude="-28.7227" location="Nkandla Forest" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="31.1282" municipality="Chibini area" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="W1114" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD766FB47FE5EFB64" box="[299,441,1179,1199]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.7227" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="31.1282" municipality="Chibini area" name="Nkandla Forest" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nkandla Forest</location>
Res., 
<collectingMunicipality box="[501,615,1179,1199]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Chibini area</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[628,725,1178,1199]" degrees="28.7227" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="-28.7227">28.7227°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[728,834,1178,1199]" degrees="31.1282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="31.1282">31.1282°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[852,925,1179,1199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation box="[852,925,1179,1199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mist-belt forest, under logs and in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName box="[396,500,1203,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[512,611,1203,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">M. Bursey</collectorName>
&amp; T. 
<collectorName box="[672,788,1203,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nangammbi</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[800,894,1203,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2003-10-20">
<collectingDate box="[800,894,1203,1223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2003-10-20">20/x/2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[908,975,1203,1223]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[983,1051,1203,1223]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">W1114</specimenCode>
/T2562, 
<specimenCount pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" elevation="620" latitude="-28.88836" location="Spermatophore" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.38007" municipality="Described" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="W6854" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-juvenile="2" typeStatus="paratype">
same data as holotype (
<collectionCode box="[518,585,1227,1247]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[591,660,1227,1247]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">W6854</specimenCode>
/T2558, 
<specimenCount box="[738,846,1227,1247]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; W3317/T2565, 
<specimenCount box="[1003,1096,1227,1247]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
specimens)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1981-07" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Bourquin" country="South Africa" elevation="700" latitude="-28.883" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="31.383" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="B5290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicName authority="Nat. Res." authorityName="Nat. Res." box="[268,452,1251,1271]" class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Proandricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entumeni">Entumeni Nat. Res.</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[464,550,1250,1271]" degrees="28.883" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-28.883">28.883°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[553,646,1250,1271]" degrees="31.383" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="31.383">31.383°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[665,726,1251,1271]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation box="[665,726,1251,1271]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter, O. 
<collectorName box="[1011,1101,1251,1271]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Bourquin</collectorName>
, 
<date bridgedPair="/" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1981-07">
<collectingDate bridgedPair="/" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1981-07">vii/ 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[240,308,1275,1295]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[314,377,1275,1295]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">B5290</specimenCode>
/T2561, 
<specimenCount box="[455,565,1275,1295]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="663" latitude="-28.88583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.37944" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="D16217" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicName authority="Nat. Res." authorityName="Nat. Res." box="[580,763,1275,1295]" class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Proandricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entumeni">Entumeni Nat. Res.</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[775,883,1274,1295]" degrees="28.88583" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-28.88583">28.88583°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[886,1004,1274,1295]" degrees="31.37944" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="31.37944">31.37944°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[1022,1083,1275,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.63" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="663.0">
<elevation box="[1022,1083,1275,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.63" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="663.0">663 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter at base of large tree between forestry office and picnic site, M. &amp; K. 
<collectorName box="[998,1044,1299,1319]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cole</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1053,1142,1299,1319]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2010-01-13">
<collectingDate box="[1053,1142,1299,1319]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2010-01-13">13/i/2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[188,238,1323,1343]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[247,321,1323,1343]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D16217</specimenCode>
/T027, 
<specimenCount box="[391,504,1323,1343]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" elevation="1100" latitude="-28.9328" location="Kranskop" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.951" municipality="Zimbaba Bush" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="A7060" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-juvenile="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFBEFFE8D7DCFE8FFBD9FD03:9C7D600FFFBFFFEFD446FAF7FD8FFAF4" box="[523,616,1323,1343]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.9328" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.951" municipality="Zimbaba Bush" name="Kranskop" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Kranskop</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[627,766,1323,1343]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Zimbaba Bush</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[781,879,1322,1343]" degrees="28.9328" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="-28.9328">28.9328°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[882,988,1322,1343]" degrees="30.9510" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="30.951">30.9510°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[1008,1083,1323,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation box="[1008,1083,1323,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1922 (
<collectionCode box="[187,254,1347,1367]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[259,323,1347,1367]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">A7060</specimenCode>
/T2568, 
<specimenCount box="[400,492,1347,1367]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
specimen; A7061/T2567, 
<specimenCount box="[738,830,1347,1367]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
specimens; A7135/T2569, 
<specimenCount pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Distribution (
<figureCitation box="[329,411,1405,1430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[181,214,869,889]" captionTargetBox="[262,1059,205,856]" captionTargetId="figure-287@57.[262,1059,201,856]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 38. Distribution of Natalina quekettiana quekettiana (Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1893) (squares), N.q. lucaris subsp. n. (triangles) and Natalina inhluzana (Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1894) (circles). Symbols with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910914/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
): Known primarily from the interior of Zululand (Ngome, Nkandla and Entumeni forests), but extending across the Thukela River valley to the Kranskop area; occurs at altitudes of 
<quantity box="[482,627,1469,1494]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="600.0">600–1200 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Habitat: Restricted to Afrotemperate and scarp forest; in leaf-litter and under logs; evidently scarce.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="59.[181,1142,976,1670]" lastBlockId="60.[144,1104,206,712]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Notes: Molecular data indicate this subspecies to be the sister taxon of the nominotypical subspecies (
<bibRefCitation author="MOUSSALLI, A. &amp; HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D." box="[316,557,1613,1638]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref74422" refString="MOUSSALLI, A., HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D. 2009. A phylogeny of the cannibal snails of southern Africa, genus Natalina sensu lato (Pulmonata: Rhytididae): assessing concordance between morphology and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (1): 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2009">
Moussalli 
<emphasis box="[435,491,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
), which it resembles in terms of the bicoloured shell pattern in living specimens and the very dark head-foot coloration. It differs in attaining a considerably larger size and in having only six lateral teeth per half row in the radula, compared to 8 or 
<quantity box="[342,385,238,263]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<emphasis box="[392,583,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
N. q. 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1898" box="[452,583,238,262]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quekettiana">quekettiana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="60.[144,1104,206,712]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Some variation in coloration, possibly geographical, is evident. Specimens from Ngome Forest have a distinctly bicoloured shell with a dark brown apical surface, whereas in those from 
<taxonomicName authority="Forest" authorityName="Forest" box="[409,598,333,358]" class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Proandricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entumeni">Entumeni Forest</taxonomicName>
the shell is less strongly bicoloured, with a chestnut to tan apical surface, and the mantle edge and pedal margin are orangish rather than bright yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="60.[144,1104,206,712]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Conservation: The known extent of occurrence of 
<emphasis box="[695,831,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">N. q. lucaris</emphasis>
is approx. 
<quantity box="[950,1048,433,458]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="2500.0">2500 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[1047,1055,432,446]" fontSize="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
, but within this range its distribution is limited to islands of mist-belt and scarp forest. The forests from which it has been recorded include some of the largest such habitats remaining in 
<collectingRegion box="[290,466,529,554]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
(&gt;2750 ha), and it is likely also to occur in Qudeni Forest, another large but very poorly sampled forest. These forests are in some cases formally protected, but the level of protection is variable and its efficacy is not guaranteed. Owing to their remote location in underdeveloped areas, the forests are subject to on-going anthropogenic pressure in the form of subsistence harvesting of forest products, grazing and trampling by livestock, and peripheral encroachment by small-scale agriculture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>