341 lines
45 KiB
XML
341 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4212F1C14E871F016BB25B9221B6223B">New Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Agulhas ecoregion of temperate southern Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F099C5B35ECA7E0685266279969C823B">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa. & tsamaai @ environment. gov. za; Toufiek. samaai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7269 - 293 X & Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries: Fisheries Research and Development, Private Bag X 2, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa. & Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="12CBF8ED2B80B9A9090902EFFDF78231">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. & tsamaai @ environment. gov. za; Toufiek. samaai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7269 - 293 X</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0A5787DEA965FFD0FF5C6FE6FC4597DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4395871" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176340994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4395871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5787DEA965FFD0FF5C6FE6FC4597DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A5787DEA965FFD0FF5C6FE6FC4597DC" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="B08AEADAA965FFD2FF5C6FE6FE3291EA" bold="true" box="[151,390,1736,1763]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Cyclacanthia bellae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A965FFD2FE5E6FE6FD1391EB" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[405,679,1736,1762]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai & Kelly, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA965FFD2FF6B6FC2FEB2900E" box="[160,262,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-308@25.[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cyclacanthia bellae (Samaai & Kelly, 2003), holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.1:A. In situ specimen; B. Isospinodiscorhabd; C. Skeletal architecture showing thin ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal architecture. Cyclacanthia rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895: D. Preserved specimen; E, F. Isospinodiscorhabds; G. Large isospinodiscorhabd; H. Skeletal architecture showing thick ectosome and and ill-formed choanosomal architecture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390723/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
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,
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,
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)
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<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA965FFD2FF5C6E1FFD3D9040" ID-CoL="6P4K8" authority="Samaai & Kelly, 2003: 14 - 15" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityPageNumber="14 - 15" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,649,1841,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA965FFD2FF5C6E1FFEE79040" box="[151,339,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Latrunculia bellae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A965FFD2FE926E1FFD3D9040" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[345,649,1841,1865]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai & Kelly, 2003: 14–15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3C, 4D, 5D.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A965FFD2FF5C6E61FBE69061" blockId="24.[151,1106,1841,1896]" box="[151,1106,1871,1896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A2EE11E6A965FFD2FF5C6E61FBE69061" box="[151,1106,1871,1896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="035F10D9A965FFD2FF5C6E61FD43906E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510646" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[151,759,1871,1896]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA3D87865928FFACFEB5FB61FC65F9C4" page="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" year="2004">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA965FFD2FF5C6E61FD559061" ID-CoL="32SJK" authority=", Samaai, Govender and Kelly (2004)" authorityName="Samaai, Govender and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,737,1871,1896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA965FFD2FF5C6E61FED7906E" box="[151,355,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Cyclacanthia bellae</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A965FFD2FEA46E61FD559061" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[367,737,1871,1896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">Samaai, Govender and Kelly (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–6, figs. 2F, 3A, E–F, 4A,
|
||
<tableCitation id="CF7C0373A965FFD2FBCA6E61FBFA9061" box="[1025,1102,1871,1896]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of South African Tsitsikamma species." pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A965FFD2FF5C6EB8FB5D90DD" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A965FFD2FF5C6EB8FB5D90DD" blockId="24.[151,1436,1941,2040]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="32963C95A965FFD2FF5C6EB8FB5190DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3005534337" collectingDate="1998-10-12" collectionCode="CRRF" collectorName="Patrick L. Colin" country="South Africa" county="Port Elizabeth" elevation="22" latitude="-33.992" location="Algoa Bay" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="25.876" municipality="Ryi Banks" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA965FFD2FF5C6EB8FDB890A6" bold="true" box="[151,524,1941,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D45886AA965FFD2FF5C6EB8FF6690B9" box="[151,210,1942,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
& locality (not examined).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype—NHMUK 2003.1.10.1,
|
||
<location id="87216013A965FFD2FC5D6EB8FBBA90B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A5787DEA965FFD0FF5C6FE6FC4597DC:87216013A965FFD2FC5D6EB8FBBA90B9" box="[918,1038,1942,1968]" country="South Africa" county="Port Elizabeth" latitude="-33.992" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="25.876" municipality="Ryi Banks" name="Algoa Bay" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Algoa Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6225ACB2A965FFD2FBD36EB8FB3B90B9" box="[1048,1167,1942,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Ryi Banks</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA965FFD2FB536EB8FB6490B9" box="[1176,1232,1942,1968]" metricMagnitude="-9" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" unit="nm" value="8.0">8 nm</quantity>
|
||
east of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6B204E44A965FFD2FAEE6EB8FF7E90DD" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Port Elizabeth</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A965FFD2FF1E6E94FED290DD" box="[213,358,1978,2004]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7CA500FA965FFD2FEB96E94FE5690DD" box="[370,482,1978,2004]" degrees="33.992" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" precision="55" value="-33.992">33.992° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7CA500FA965FFD2FE256E97FDD590DD" box="[494,609,1977,2004]" degrees="25.876" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" precision="55" value="25.876">25.876° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA965FFD2FDA66E94FD1C90DD" box="[621,680,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="22.0">
|
||
<elevation id="09D3D1FBA965FFD2FDA66E94FD1C90DD" box="[621,680,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="2F0B531EA965FFD2FC886E94FC4D90DD" box="[835,1017,1978,2004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Patrick L. Colin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E4EFAE0DA965FFD2FBCF6E94FBF890DD" box="[1028,1100,1978,2004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">CRRF</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F6401008A965FFD2FB936E94FB5190DD" box="[1112,1253,1978,2004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" value="1998-10-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E604E9E0A965FFD2FB936E94FB5190DD" box="[1112,1253,1978,2004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" value="1998-10-12">12 Oct 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A965FFD3FF0C6EF3FD2A95F9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A965FFD3FF0C6EF3FD2A95F9" blockId="24.[151,1436,1941,2040]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,753]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA965FFD2FF0C6EF3FEF690FE" bold="true" box="[199,322,2013,2039]" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Thinly encrusting sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA965FFD2FDB36EF0FD5490F1" box="[632,736,2013,2040]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-308@25.[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cyclacanthia bellae (Samaai & Kelly, 2003), holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.1:A. In situ specimen; B. Isospinodiscorhabd; C. Skeletal architecture showing thin ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal architecture. Cyclacanthia rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895: D. Preserved specimen; E, F. Isospinodiscorhabds; G. Large isospinodiscorhabd; H. Skeletal architecture showing thick ectosome and and ill-formed choanosomal architecture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390723/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="433">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA965FFD2FD3D6EF3FC8C90F1" box="[758,824,2013,2040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick in life, surface crowded with very small conical oscules and numerous thin-lipped crater-like areolate porefields. Compressible in life, slightly felty to the touch, emerald green in life, dark chocolate brown internally and in preservative. The sponges were collected from a moderately rugged rocky bottom with patches of sand between rocks, on Ryi Banks, Algoa Bay, south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A964FFD3FA9069F0FF559615" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA964FFD3FEC3682CFEDA9614" box="[264,366,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
10–
|
||
<specimenCount id="94F8FD41A964FFD3FEF9682CFEDA9614" box="[306,366,258,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" type="generic">22 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Spicules. Megascleres are styles. Smooth, hastate, centrally thickened straight or slightly sinuous styles, 364 (319–400) long by μm wide. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA964FFD3FCF46808FC2A9649" box="[831,926,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[514,1073,273,805]" captionTargetId="figure-78@24.[514,1073,273,805]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Isospinodiscorhabd microsclere morphology in Cyclacanthia Samaai & Kelly, 2004: A. Type species, C. bellae (Samaai and Kelly, 2003), specimen NHMUK2003.1.10.1; B. C. mzimayiensis Samaai & Kelly, 2004, holotype SAM H-5082; C. C. cloverlyae Samaai & Kelly, 2004, holotype SAM H-5080; D. C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895, small isoconicorhabds; E. C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895, large isoconicorhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390719/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA964FFD3FC676808FC7D9648" box="[940,969,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-308@25.[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cyclacanthia bellae (Samaai & Kelly, 2003), holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.1:A. In situ specimen; B. Isospinodiscorhabd; C. Skeletal architecture showing thin ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal architecture. Cyclacanthia rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895: D. Preserved specimen; E, F. Isospinodiscorhabds; G. Large isospinodiscorhabd; H. Skeletal architecture showing thick ectosome and and ill-formed choanosomal architecture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390723/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) are acanthose isospinodiscorhabds. The median whorl is composed of four groups of discrete spines distributed evenly around the shaft, the spines of the manubrium and apical whorl are slanted obliquely from the median whorl and the spines are orientated at different angles within each whorl. A single spike protrudes from the apex and base of the spicule, all spines are markedly acanthose, 46 (44–51) μm long. Skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA964FFD3FDB66898FD5696D8" box="[637,738,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1400,1424]" captionTargetBox="[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-308@25.[342,1246,776,1377]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cyclacanthia bellae (Samaai & Kelly, 2003), holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.1:A. In situ specimen; B. Isospinodiscorhabd; C. Skeletal architecture showing thin ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal architecture. Cyclacanthia rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895: D. Preserved specimen; E, F. Isospinodiscorhabds; G. Large isospinodiscorhabd; H. Skeletal architecture showing thick ectosome and and ill-formed choanosomal architecture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390723/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is made up of large dense swathes of megascleres, 230–250 μm wide, emerge from the base of the sponge towards the upper choanosome, where they diverge to form loose brushes and a wispy polygonal reticulation of tracts c. 60–180 μm wide, forming a mesh c. 230 μm wide. Interstitial megascleres and microscleres are abundant. The ectosome of tangentially arranged styles is c. 320 μm thick and is aligned by an irregular palisade of densely packed isospinodiscorhabds. The species occurs on moderate rugged rocky bottoms with patches of sand between rocks between a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="45069B2DA964FFD3FC6D6B44FBBF958C" box="[934,1035,618,645]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
10–
|
||
<specimenCount id="94F8FD41A964FFD3FC046B44FBBF958C" box="[975,1035,618,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" type="generic">22 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The sponge contains novel biologically active pyrroloquilonine alkaloids, discorhabdin M and G, Makaluvic acid A and discorhabdin derivatives that may have pharmacological potential [Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Tumour cell line (HCT 116)] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FAE96B9CFF4895F8" author="Antunes, E. M. & Copp, B. R. & Davies-Coleman, M. T. & Samaai, T." pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="62 - 72" refId="ref24751" refString="Antunes, E. M., Copp, B. R., Davies-Coleman, M. T. & Samaai, T. (2005) Pyrroloiminoquinone and related metabolites from marine sponges. Natural Products Reports, 22, 62 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / b 407299 p" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Antunes
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FA436B9DFF1995F9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FE766BF8FD2795F9" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[445,659,726,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FDDC6BF9FDFB95F9" box="[535,591,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D6816640A964FFD3FF5C6C56FBBD92F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4390723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390723/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" startId="25.[151,250,1400,1424]" targetBox="[342,1246,776,1377]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A964FFD3FF5C6C56FBBD92F5" blockId="25.[151,1437,1400,1532]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FF5C6C56FEAB9299" bold="true" box="[151,287,1400,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FEEE6C56FD539298" authority="(Samaai & Kelly, 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Samaai & Kelly" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[293,743,1400,1425]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FEEE6C56FE449299" box="[293,496,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Cyclacanthia bellae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FE376C56FD549298" author="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. & Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M." box="[508,736,1400,1425]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26875" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. J. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerid): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 371.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Samaai & Kelly, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype NHMUK2003.1.10.1: A. In situ specimen; B. Isospinodiscorhabd; C. Skeletal architecture showing thin ectosome and ill-formed choanosomal architecture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FB4B6CB2FA2992BD" authority="Samaai & Kelly & Ngwakum & Payne & Teske & Janson & Kerwath & Parker & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly & Ngwakum & Payne & Teske & Janson & Kerwath & Parker & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[1152,1437,1436,1460]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rethahofmeyri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FB4B6CB2FA2992BD" box="[1152,1437,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Cyclacanthia rethahofmeyri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FF5C6CEFFF5A92D0" bold="true" box="[151,238,1473,1497]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABB957A1A964FFD3FF5C6CEFFF5E92D0" box="[151,234,1473,1497]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype SAMC-A090895: D. Preserved specimen; E, F. Isospinodiscorhabds; G. Large isospinodiscorhabd; H. Skeletal architecture showing thick ectosome and and ill-formed choanosomal architecture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A964FFD3FF0C6F04FB88914C" box="[199,1084,1578,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A964FFD3FF0C6F04FB88914C" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2037]" box="[199,1084,1578,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FF0C6F04FED5914D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1578,1604]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Algoa Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="403AF82AA964FFD3FE206F05FD34914C" box="[491,640,1579,1605]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
coast, Agulhas ecoregion,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A964FFD3FC666F05FB88914C" box="[941,1084,1579,1605]" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CAE46543A964FFD0FF0C6F61FC4597DC" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="824136C8A964FFD0FF0C6F61FC4597DC" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2037]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FF0C6F61FE8F9160" bold="true" box="[199,315,1615,1641]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FE8F6F61FE6D9160" authorityName="Samaai, & Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[324,473,1615,1641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FE8F6F61FE6D9160" box="[324,473,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Cyclacanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in their general morphology to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FBC56F61FB009160" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1922" box="[1038,1204,1615,1641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with fistular oscula and areolate porefields distributed over the sponge surface. However, within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FC376F5DFB169184" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1922" box="[1020,1186,1651,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FB656F5DFAF79184" authorityName="Samaai, & Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[1198,1347,1651,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FB656F5DFAF79184" box="[1198,1347,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Cyclacanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are notably thinly encrusting with a soft, compressible texture and have acanthose isospinodiscorhabds as microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AC52A4DA964FFD3FF396F95FEF691DC" box="[242,322,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[514,1073,273,805]" captionTargetId="figure-78@24.[514,1073,273,805]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Isospinodiscorhabd microsclere morphology in Cyclacanthia Samaai & Kelly, 2004: A. Type species, C. bellae (Samaai and Kelly, 2003), specimen NHMUK2003.1.10.1; B. C. mzimayiensis Samaai & Kelly, 2004, holotype SAM H-5082; C. C. cloverlyae Samaai & Kelly, 2004, holotype SAM H-5080; D. C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895, small isoconicorhabds; E. C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov., holotype SAMC-A090895, large isoconicorhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4390719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4390719/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FE936F95FD9991DC" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[344,557,1723,1749]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FE786F92FE5791DC" box="[435,483,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spines develop simultaneously on the end of a straight thin protoisochiarhabd shaft followed by median spines (see fig. 2D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FD656FF1FC3791F0" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[686,899,1759,1785]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FCC36FCEFC8D91F0" box="[776,825,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spines develop directly from the shaft and do not transform into circular plates with serrated margins as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FCAB6E2DFC509014" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[864,996,1795,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FCAB6E2DFC509014" box="[864,996,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or into truncate tubercles with rounded acanthose ends as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FE426E09FDA09048" box="[393,532,1831,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FE426E09FDA09048" box="[393,532,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FDEF6E09FC819048" author="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M." box="[548,821,1831,1857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1922" refId="ref26774" refString="Samaai, T. & Kelly, M. (2002) Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 708 - 720. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 78" type="book chapter" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD3FC8A6E09FBAF9048" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." box="[833,1051,1831,1857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FC576E06FC7B9048" box="[924,975,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Parker-Nance
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FB026E06FB489048" box="[1225,1276,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019). Additional diagnostic characters include the presence of broad swathes of megascleres that diverge from the base of the sponge towards the upper choanosome, where they form loose brushes and the typical wispy reticulation of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FF5C6EBDFE8A90A4" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,318,1939,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45FE4D4BA964FFD3FE826EBDFE6A90A4" authorityName="Samaai, & Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[329,478,1939,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Cyclacanthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FE826EBDFE6A90A4" box="[329,478,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">Cyclacanthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAE97658A964FFD3FD4E6EBDFCA090A4" box="[645,788,1939,1965]" name="South Africa" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is a predominantly shallow water genus occurring in warm temperate to subtropical waters, and is usually associated with rocky reef substrata, especially in areas that has cold upwelling cells and extreme current flow. The genus as presently recognised is cohesive (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E66F4B39A964FFD0FACE6EF5FF6597B8" author="Samaai, T. & Govender, V. & Kelly, M." lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="25" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref26953" refString="Samaai, T., Govender, V. & Kelly, M. (2004) Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertae sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa, 725 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 725.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B08AEADAA964FFD3FAA96EF2FA2190FC" box="[1378,1429,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="434">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and contains three well-defined species. The discovery of the new species from the offshore Amathole region extends the distribution of this genus further south in the Agulhas ecoregion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |