2345 lines
339 KiB
XML
2345 lines
339 KiB
XML
<document id="16CFACEF510928CCF386F6A706DA93A1" ID-CLB-Dataset="9255" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a26" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2697b081-f3fa-4256-a62d-f084ee352b1c" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336858" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E018714D-7CCF-4AB8-A88A-EF033530CA75" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608156727094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Guinot, Danièle, Ng, Ngan Kee & Rodríguez Moreno, Paula A." docDate="2018" docId="039387B2FFAE261FFEE31907FEAAFEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.40.26.547-604.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 40 (26)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sesarmidae Dana 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="585" masterDocId="FFAAFFCAFF8F2637FFFB1A12FFECFFD9" masterDocTitle="Review of grapsoid families for the establishment of a new family for Leptograpsodes Montgomery, 1931, and a new genus of Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838)" masterLastPageNumber="604" masterPageNumber="547" pageNumber="578" updateTime="1698847703829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="FC1D0B4CF79AFCC736D563873FE8E20F">Review of grapsoid families for the establishment of a new family for Leptograpsodes Montgomery, 1931, and a new genus of Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA2B3AFC65E711B7AAADBCAE320BE8C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0F5BF399553AE3A87CAAF5E585FD7F30">Guinot, Danièle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E163652BB384622F1417FDE99026E10D">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) guinot @ mnhn. fr (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="987E924FC30BEB60084F4DAAB819C2C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7D37191A32E725F8641F8FF803693E05">Ng, Ngan Kee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EEBDA78B5085A582B407FE6AFD5E679E">Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 (Republic of Singapore) dbsngnk @ nus. edu. sg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1DBDB228C0AD6930FBCF4C1E41BE6AA" type="email">dbsngnk@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="34B2AAC07F6EC783C9AE5B1AEE8DAD61">Rodríguez Moreno, Paula A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55F5DDDD9529630403290ED4ED4D1B98">Direction générale déléguée aux Collections, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) martin-lefevre @ mnhn. fr Dedicated to the memory of Michael Türkay (1948 - 2015)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8CA9A1EE2D907E8C28C96758EE7F139D">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="843F477260EEC7012AA83655370DE216">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2DCAE459218FED6410E8CB41DF85CA17">40</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039387B2FFAE261FFEE31907FEAAFEA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4383106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176232315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4383106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FFAE261FFEE31907FEAAFEA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387B2FFAE261FFEE31907FEAAFEA8" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
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<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FEE31907FD9FFCE9" box="[280,627,789,817]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FEE31907FD9FFCE9" blockId="33.[280,627,789,817]" box="[280,627,789,817]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FE931905FD9FFCE9" ID-CoL="7NL25" authority="Dana, 1851" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[360,627,789,817]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
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SESARMIDAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FE091904FD9FFCE9" author="DANA J. D." box="[498,627,789,816]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="247 - 254" refId="ref50710" refString="DANA J. D. 1851. - Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce. Crustacea Grapsoidea (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (10): 247 - 254." type="journal article" year="1851">Dana, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FF7F1944FF04FCB7" box="[132,232,854,880]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FF7F1944FF04FCB7" blockId="33.[130,777,854,1645]" box="[132,232,854,880]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FF7F1967FE77F972" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FF7F1967FE09F9B5" blockId="33.[130,777,854,1645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FF4A1967FEC4FC56" ID-CoL="7NL25" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[177,296,885,911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which contains nearly 300 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FD6E1967FF2BFC69" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref51427" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 c. - Systematics and classification of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 18), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 2, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 1049 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FD231964FCEBFC56" box="[728,775,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is known as a solid monophyletic clade, supported by genetic sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FEB019A7FD63FC16" author="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C." box="[331,655,949,975]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="491 - 500" refId="ref64392" refString="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C. 2014. - Monophyly and phylogenetic origin of the gall crab family Cryptochiridae (Decapoda: Brachyura). Invertebrate Systematics 28: 491 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13064" type="journal article" year="2014">van der Meij & Schubart 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and larval morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FEE919C7FE21FC37" author="CUESTA J. A. & GUERAO G. & LIU H. - C. & SCHUBART C. D." box="[274,461,980,1007]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="151 - 173" refId="ref50427" refString="CUESTA J. A., GUERAO G., LIU H. - C. & SCHUBART C. D. 2006. - Morphology of the first zoeal stages of eleven Sesarmidae (Crustacea, Brachyura, Thoracotremata) from the Indo-West Pacific, with a summary of familial larval characters. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 49: 151 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 07924 259.2006. 9652206" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Cuesta
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FE9A19C7FE7EFC37" box="[353,402,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FE2219C6FD1BFC36" author="SHAHDADI A. & SCHUBART C. D." box="[473,759,980,1007]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref62316" refString="SHAHDADI A. & SCHUBART C. D. 2017. - Taxonomic review of Perisesarma (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) and closely related genera based on morphology and molecular phylogenetics: new classification, two new genera and the questionnable phylogenetic value of the epibranchial tooth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2017">Shahdadi & Schubart 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The massive ecological and morphological speciation should be the result of convergent evolution (Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FD8B1E07FD4DFBF7" box="[624,673,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FF481E26FE9DFB96" author="FRATINI S. & VANNINI M. & CANNICCI S. & SCHUBART C. D." box="[179,369,1076,1103]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref52387" refString="FRATINI S., VANNINI M., CANNICCI S. & SCHUBART C. D. 2005. - Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research 7: 219 - 233." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Fratini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FEFA1E27FED8FB97" box="[257,308,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FDEC1E26FCEDFB96" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CANNICCI S. & VANNINI M. & FRATINI S." box="[535,769,1076,1103]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="193 - 199" refId="ref62142" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CANNICCI S., VANNINI M. & FRATINI S. 2006. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44 (3): 193 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2006.00354. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FD851E27FD5DFB97" box="[638,689,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FF7F1E46FE34FBB7" ID-CoL="7PZJB" authority="Serene & Soh, 1970" authorityName="Serene & Soh" authorityYear="1970" box="[132,472,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FF7F1E46FF11FBB7" box="[132,253,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Sesarmoides</emphasis>
|
||
Serène & Soh, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FDEE1E47FD94FBB7" box="[533,632,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Karstama</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FD851E46FF50FB57" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & NG P. K. L." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref51056" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - A new genus for cave-dwelling crabs previously assigned to Sesarmoides (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 227 - 231." type="journal article" year="2007">Davie & Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, occupies a basal position within the family. Despite the species richness and ecological diversity (typically inhabitants of soft-sediment littoral habitats like marshes and mangroves, also in freshwater and terrestrial habitats, may be found in bromeliad leaf axils, rock rubble, empty snail shells, caves and mountain streams, thereby showing complete independence from the sea, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FECF1F21FDD9FA97" author="SCHUBART C. D. & KOLLER P." box="[308,565,1331,1358]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="469 - 481" refId="ref61662" refString="SCHUBART C. D. & & KOLLER P. 2005. - Genetic diversity of freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from central Jamaica with description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 39 (6): 469 - 481 https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930410001671291" type="journal article" year="2005">Schubart & Koller 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the family has not been splitted into subfamilies. The external morphology (e.g. carapace quadrate to quadrangular; suborbital, pterygostomial, subbranchial, subhepatic regions and lateral walls of carapace covered in uniform reticulated network of short, hooked, closely-set setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FEC01FC1FDB6FA34" author="FELGENHAUER B. E. & ABELE L. G." box="[315,602,1491,1517]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="187 - 195" refId="ref52237" refString="FELGENHAUER B. E. & ABELE L. G. 1983. - Branchial water movement in the grapsid crab Sesarma reticulatum Say. Journal of Crustacean Biology 3 (2): 187 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548255" type="journal article" year="1983">Felgenhauer & Abele 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1-4); orbits with lower border as channel running obliquely downwards towards buccal cavern; oblique setose ridge running across merus and ischium of mxp3) is unambiguously different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FF2A1C40FE0DF9B5" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[209,481,1618,1645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAE2616FE6C1C41FE0DF9B5" box="[407,481,1618,1645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FF7F1C81FE77F972" blockId="33.[130,777,1683,2028]" box="[132,411,1683,1709]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">ADDITIONAL CHARACTERS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FF7F1CA0FB56FBD7" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FF7F1CA0FBB7FCE9" blockId="33.[130,777,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="33.[811,1457,215,1326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
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||
Sternal and male genital features are added, based on a limited number of selected genera.Proepistome usually very developed, transwerse, broad, variously widened (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FDD31CE0FD4AF8D5" author="ABELE L. G." box="[552,678,1778,1804]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47765" refString="ABELE L. G. 1992. - A review of the grapsid crab genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the description of a new genus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 527: 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.527" type="journal article" year="1992">Abele 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2d; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FF341D00FE82F8F5" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[207,366,1810,1836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FF031D00FEC2F8F5" box="[248,302,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6C;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FE211D00FD4DF8F5" author="KOMAI T. & NAGAI T. & YOGI A. & NARUSE T. & FUJITA Y. & SHOKITA S." box="[474,673,1810,1836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="33 - 63" refId="ref56400" refString="KOMAI T., NAGAI T., YOGI A., NARUSE T., FUJITA Y. & SHOKITA S. 2004. - New records of four grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Japan, with notes on four rare species. Journal of the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 8 (1): 33 - 63." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Komai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FDD71D00FD8DF8F5" box="[556,609,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4C, 5C, 6B, 8B, 9B; Ragioneri
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FE501D20FE33F892" box="[427,479,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012: figs 1, 7d); epistome as complex structure, with Vervey’s groove in which the water from the exhalent openings flows towards antenna and orbit, emptying a thin stream over the reticulate network of setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FF3C1DA0FEA1F812" author="HAGEN H. O. & VON" box="[199,333,1969,1996]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref53660" refString="HAGEN H. O. VON 1978. - The systematic position of Sesarma (Sesarma) rectum Randall and a new definition of the subgenus Sesarma (Brachyura, Grapsidae). Crustaceana 34 (1): 45 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854078 X 00547" type="journal article" year="1978">Hagen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FE661DA3FDFBF812" author="ABELE L. G." box="[413,535,1969,1995]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47765" refString="ABELE L. G. 1992. - A review of the grapsid crab genus Sesarma (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) in America, with the description of a new genus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 527: 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.527" type="journal article" year="1992">Abele 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FDDE1DA3FF50F832" author="FELGENHAUER B. E. & ABELE L. G." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="187 - 195" refId="ref52237" refString="FELGENHAUER B. E. & ABELE L. G. 1983. - Branchial water movement in the grapsid crab Sesarma reticulatum Say. Journal of Crustacean Biology 3 (2): 187 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548255" type="journal article" year="1983">Felgenhauer & Abele 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FEE81DC3FE31F832" author="REIMER J. & SCHUBART C. D. & DIESEL R." box="[275,477,2001,2027]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="185 - 196" refId="ref61109" refString="REIMER J., SCHUBART C. D. & DIESEL R. 1998. - Description of a new freshwater crab of the genus Sesarma Say, 1817 (Brachyura, Grapsidae, Sesarminae) from Western Jamaica. Crustaceana 71 (2): 185 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854098 X 00167" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Reimer
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FE921DC0FE72F832" box="[361,414,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2f). Thoracic sternum variously widened, strongly restricted at P1 level. Sternites 1 and 2 separated by suture 1/2. Suture 2/3 well marked, straight or curved, often lined by setae. Sternite 3 completely fused to sternite 4, no suture 3/4, even no lateral trace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAE2616FAB21B25FCD3FEA8" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[131,142,651,669]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,214,606]" captionTargetId="figure-812@34.[131,1001,211,616]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 10. — Sesarmidae: Sesarma reticulatum Say, 1817, ♂ 22.1× 27.0 mm, New Jersey, MNHN-IU-2017-8399 (=MNHN-B25784): A, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon; B, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon; C, genital region with gonopore and penis. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336898/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FCA31B45FBCEFEA8" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & NG P. K. L." box="[856,1058,343,369]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref51105" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. & NG P. K. L. 2013. - A review of Chiromantes obtusifrons (Dana, 1851) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new sibling-species from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Guam and Taiwan. Zootaxa 3609 (1): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Davie & Ng 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9). Sternite 8 developed, either exposed medially and with median line or narrowing medially and without median line. Median line extending on sternite 7 (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC2C1BA5FB41FE09" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[983,1197,438,465]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FC2C1BA5FB41FE09" box="[983,1197,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Sesarma reticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB461BA4FA73FE09" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1213,1439,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dehaani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FB461BA4FA73FE09" box="[1213,1439,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Chiromantes dehaani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), even on sternite 5. (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FBDE1BC5FAF4FE29" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1061,1304,471,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Neosarmatium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FBDE1BC5FAF4FE29" box="[1061,1304,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Neosarmatium meinerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Male sternal gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAE2616FC651BE4FC11FDC9" box="[926,1021,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[131,142,651,669]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,214,606]" captionTargetId="figure-812@34.[131,1001,211,616]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 10. — Sesarmidae: Sesarma reticulatum Say, 1817, ♂ 22.1× 27.0 mm, New Jersey, MNHN-IU-2017-8399 (=MNHN-B25784): A, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon; B, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon; C, genital region with gonopore and penis. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336898/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
) located posterior to suture 7/8, adjacent to variously expanded episternite 7, shortly separated from P5 coxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FC621824FBC1FD89" author="GUINOT D." box="[921,1069,566,592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: fig. 52D; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FAFF1825FA4BFD89" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1284,1447,566,593]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FAD41825FA8AFD89" box="[1327,1382,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FC7D1844FB6AFDA9" author="SCHUBART C. D. & LIU H. - C. & NG P. K. L." box="[902,1158,598,624]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref62221" refString="SCHUBART C. D., LIU H. - C. & NG P. K. L. 2009. - Revision of Selatium Serene & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa 2154: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FC0B1845FBCAFDA9" box="[1008,1062,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 4
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FB161844FC8AFD49" author="KARASAWA H. & KATO H." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref55795" refString="KARASAWA H. & KATO H. 2001. - The systematic status of the genus Miosesarma Karasawa, 1989 with a phylogenetic analysis within the family Grapsidae and a review of fossil records (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Paleontological Research 5: 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="2001">Karasawa & Kato 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2.20). Penis rather long, well developed, generally basally calcified, may be foliaceous, showing as longitudinal, oblique or horizontal tube variously oriented; may show as seemingly lying in small depression excavated at base of G1 endopodite (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FC4C18E7FB93FCD6" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[951,1151,757,783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FBF618E4FBACFCD6" box="[1037,1088,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 35:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB2418E4FBBBFCE9" authority="(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869))" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Metasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aubryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FB2418E4FA43FCD6" box="[1247,1455,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Metasesarma aubryi</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCB81924FB56FBD7" blockId="33.[811,1457,215,1326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FCB81924FC14FC96" baseAuthorityName="Ng, Guinot & Iliffe" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[835,1016,821,847]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Karstama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ultrapes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FCB81924FC14FC96" box="[835,1016,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Karstama ultrapes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(previously in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB6A1927FAE4FC96" authorityName="Serene & Soh" authorityYear="1970" box="[1169,1288,821,847]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FB6A1927FAE4FC96" box="[1169,1288,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Sesarmoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a remarkable exception. It shows a triangular proepistome, which is wedged between two frontal projections, and a widened thoracic sternum. The male gonopore, in contact with the P5 coxosternal condyle, and the penis, resting in a depression of the developed sternite 8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FBE919C7FB46FC36" author="NG P. K. L. & GUINOT D. & ILIFFE T. M." box="[1042,1194,980,1007]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="12 - 22" refId="ref59780" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & ILIFFE T. M. 1994. - Sesarmoides ultrapes new species, a remarkable sesarmine crab from caves in the Solomon Islands (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Crustacean Research 23: 12 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.18353 / crustacea. 23.0 _ 12" type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FBC119C7FB80FC37" box="[1082,1132,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8B, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FADE19C6FA73FC37" authorityName="Serene & Soh" authorityYear="1970" box="[1317,1439,980,1006]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FADE19C6FA73FC37" box="[1317,1439,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Sesarmoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), also represent an unusual dispositon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FCB81E06FBCEFAF7" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCB81E06FBCEFAF7" blockId="33.[811,1457,215,1326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
The pleonal locking mechanism, of press-button
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAE2616FA9A1E07FA7EFBF6" box="[1377,1426,1045,1071]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, is various in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC601E26FBFBFB97" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[923,1047,1076,1102]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: occasionally functional at any (moulting stage) size of the individuals, or present but disappearing at a particular moult (button becoming smaller or obsolete, with increasing body size), or absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FB341E86FC89FB17" author="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="613 - 694" refId="ref53418" refString="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M. 1998. - Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20 (4): 613 - 694." type="journal article" year="1998">Guinot & Bouchard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent study of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB451EA7FC8BFB37" authority="De Man, 1895" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FB451EA7FAACFB17" box="[1214,1344,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Parasesarma</emphasis>
|
||
De Man, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC651EC6FB51FB37" authority="De Man, 1895" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" box="[926,1213,1235,1262]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Perisesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FC651EC6FBFBFB34" box="[926,1047,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Perisesarma</emphasis>
|
||
De Man, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shown that a button is either absent or indistinct, or developed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FAD61EE1FC21FAF7" author="SHAHDADI A. & SCHUBART C. D." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref62316" refString="SHAHDADI A. & SCHUBART C. D. 2017. - Taxonomic review of Perisesarma (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) and closely related genera based on morphology and molecular phylogenetics: new classification, two new genera and the questionnable phylogenetic value of the epibranchial tooth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2017">Shahdadi & Schubart 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FCD61F46FBFAFAB5" box="[813,1046,1364,1390]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCD61F46FBFAFAB5" blockId="33.[811,1456,1364,1613]" box="[813,1046,1364,1390]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">MOLECULAR ANALYSIS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FCD61F61FB13F9D4" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCD61F61FB13F9D4" blockId="33.[811,1456,1364,1613]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FCD61F61FB27FA57" authority="(De Man, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[813,1227,1395,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FCD61F61FBF5FA54" box="[813,1049,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">Chiromantes neglectum</emphasis>
|
||
(De Man, 1895)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found “within an intermingled ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC451F81FBD5FA74" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[958,1081,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Ocypodoidea’ clade” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FAB81F81FC72FA14" author="XING Y. & MAA X. & WEIB Y. & PANA D. & LIUC W. & SUN H." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="461 - 463" refId="ref65015" refString="XING Y., MAA X., WEIB Y., PANA D., LIUC W. & SUN H. 2016. - The complete mitochondrial genome of the semiterrestrial crab, Chiromantes neglectum (Eubrachyura: Grapsoidea: Sesarmidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources 1 (1): 461 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2016.1186509" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Xing
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FA851F86FA5CFA74" box="[1406,1456,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 461
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1). Study of complete mitochondrial genome by Xin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FC811FC6FC40FA34" box="[890,940,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2107b) indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB521FC1FAC8FA34" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1193,1316,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FAD61FC1FCBEF9D4" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC7C1FE1FC19F9D4" box="[903,1013,1523,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have close relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FCB81C00FA83F995" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCB81C00FA83F995" blockId="33.[811,1456,1364,1613]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
Given all the differences in many respects, it is easy to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC771C20FBC3F995" authority="Guinot & Ng & Rodríguez Moreno, 2018" authorityName="Guinot & Ng & Rodríguez Moreno" authorityYear="2018" box="[908,1071,1586,1612]" family="Leptograpsidae" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Leptograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAE2616FBCD1C21FB68F995" box="[1078,1156,1586,1613]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" rank="family">n. fam.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FB141C20FA87F995" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1263,1387,1586,1612]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2616FC871C80FA8CF974" box="[892,1376,1682,1709]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FC871C80FA8CF974" blockId="33.[892,1376,1682,1709]" box="[892,1376,1682,1709]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC371C81FA8CF974" ID-CoL="7NLJ7" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[972,1376,1682,1709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
VARUNIDAE H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FB8D1C80FA8CF974" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[1142,1376,1682,1709]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAE2615FCD61CC0FD9BF892" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2616FCD61CC0FC7DF933" blockId="33.[810,1457,1746,2028]" box="[813,913,1746,1772]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAE2615FCD61CE0FD68FB56" blockId="33.[810,1457,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="34.[130,777,757,2028]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FCD61CE0FC2CF8D5" author="GUINOT D." box="[813,960,1778,1804]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="211 - 292" refId="ref53084" refString="GUINOT D. 1978. - Principes d'une classification evolutive des Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique n. s. 112 (3): 211 - 292." type="journal article" year="1978">Guinot (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FC371CE0FBEFF8D5" author="GUINOT D." box="[972,1027,1778,1804]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) implied that the systematic status of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FCD01D00FC76F8F5" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[811,922,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be raised to a full family. The delimitation of the family has been subsequently supported by congruent larval and adult morphology and by molecular studies (Sternberg & Cumberlidge 1998; Cuesta 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FB761D63FA85F852" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L." box="[1165,1385,1905,1931]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref61904" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A., DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L. 2000 b. - Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of non-marine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brach- yura). Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 15 (2): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0754" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FB0B1D60FACCF852" box="[1264,1312,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FCD61D80FC2FF872" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[813,963,1937,1964]" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FCAF1D80FC6AF872" box="[852,902,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Five subfamilies were recognised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FAAD1D80FC96F815" author="NG P. K. L. & GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAE2616FA851D80FA5CF872" box="[1406,1456,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: the nominotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FBA61DA3FC87F835" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">
|
||
Varuninae H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAE2616FB051DA3FC87F835" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." pageId="33" pageNumber="578" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2616FC831DC3FB11F835" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[888,1277,2001,2028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae Stimpson, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAE2615FAF11DC3FE73FCC9" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="579" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">
|
||
Cyclograpsinae H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF5718E7FE73FCC9" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[172,415,757,784]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as Cyclograpsacea),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FD6918E7FE48FCF6" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">
|
||
Gaeticinae Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FECD1904FE48FCF6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[310,420,789,816]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE1A1907FEDFFC96" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thalassograpsinae">
|
||
Thalassograpsinae Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF331924FEDFFC96" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[200,307,821,848]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, according to Števčić (2005) the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF781947FF01FCB6" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[131,237,853,879]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FEE61947FE55FCB6" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[285,441,853,879]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were grapsid subfamilies, besides the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF571967FEF7FC56" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[172,283,885,911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grapsinae">Grapsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Gecarcininae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE151967FD86FC56" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[494,618,885,911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FD411964FF23FC76" author="STEVCIC Z." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 178" refId="ref62871" refString="STEVCIC Z. 2013. - Addendum to the reclassifcation of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Part II. Classification scheme. Natura Croatica 22: 171 - 178." type="journal article" year="2013">Števčić (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, recognising a family level to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDFA1987FD7CFC76" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[513,656,917,943]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, added two varunine tribes, one grapsid subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDD719A7FEC6FC36" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">
|
||
Gaeticinae Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF3F19C7FEC6FC36" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[196,298,981,1007]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and elevated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE4F19C6FD83FC37" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[436,623,980,1006]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to family level, with two subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FEA019E6FDF4FBD7" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[347,536,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Aphanodactylinae Ahyong & Ng, 2009. Based on a morphology-based cladistic analysis,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF181E27FE1CFB96" author="KARASAWA H. & KATO H." box="[227,496,1076,1103]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref55795" refString="KARASAWA H. & KATO H. 2001. - The systematic status of the genus Miosesarma Karasawa, 1989 with a phylogenetic analysis within the family Grapsidae and a review of fossil records (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Paleontological Research 5: 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="2001">Karasawa & Kato (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF641E46FEE2FBB7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[159,270,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FEBA1E46FE08FBB7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[321,484,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDD51E46FD72FBB7" box="[558,670,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Varunids are known since the Miocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE2B1E67FD98FB57" author="KARASAWA H." box="[464,628,1140,1167]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="29 - 37" refId="ref55751" refString="KARASAWA H. 2018. - New varunids (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Miocene Bihoku Group, Japan, with descriptions of one new genus and two new species. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 44: 29 - 37." type="journal article" year="2018">Karasawa 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45662CFFAD2615FF781899FB8BFD6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336898/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" startId="34.[131,142,651,669]" targetBox="[132,1456,214,606]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FF781899FB8BFD6A" blockId="34.[131,1455,650,691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
FIG. 10. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF251898FEA8FD45" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[222,324,650,668]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FEB71898FDA3FD44" authority="Say, 1817" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[332,591,650,669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FEB71898FE19FD44" box="[332,501,650,669]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Sesarma reticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
Say, 1817
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ 22.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FD6A1899FD70FD44" box="[657,668,651,669]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">×</emphasis>
|
||
27.0 mm, New Jersey, MNHN-IU-2017-8399 (=MNHN-B25784):
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB431899FB29FD44" bold="true" box="[1208,1221,651,669]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">A</emphasis>
|
||
, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FF1E18B3FF1EFD6A" bold="true" box="[229,242,673,691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">B</emphasis>
|
||
, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FDA618B3FD87FD6A" bold="true" box="[605,619,673,691]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">C</emphasis>
|
||
, genital region with gonopore and penis. Scale bars: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FF601E86FD9BF892" blockId="34.[130,777,757,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
According to genetic sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE0E1E86FD57FB77" author="KITAURA J. & WADA K. & NISHIDA M." box="[501,699,1172,1198]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="682 - 693" refId="ref56077" refString="KITAURA J., WADA K. & NISHIDA M. 2002. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid and ocypodoid crabs with special reference to the genera Metaplax and Macrophthalmus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (3): 682 - 693. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990281" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kitaura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FDB71E87FD92FB77" box="[588,638,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FD331E86FCECFB77" author="KITAURA J. & WADA K. & FUKUI Y. & MCLAY C. L." box="[712,768,1172,1198]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1315 - 1326" refId="ref56133" refString="KITAURA J., WADA K. & FUKUI Y. & MCLAY C. L. 2010. - Molecular phylogenetic position of the New Zealand sentinel crab, Macrophthalmus (Hemiplax) hirtipes (Jacquinot, in Hombron and Jacquinot, 1846) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Macrophthalmidae). Crustaceana 83: 1315 - 1326. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 533548" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF7F1EA6FE88FB17" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & FELDER D. L." box="[132,356,1204,1230]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="28 - 44" refId="ref62074" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A. & FELDER D. L. 2002. - Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (1): 28 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990206" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FF151EA7FEC8FB17" box="[238,292,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FDFF1EA6FD49FB17" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[516,677,1204,1230]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FDCB1EA7FD89FB17" box="[560,613,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FD4E1EA6FE6CFB37" author="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="491 - 500" refId="ref64392" refString="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C. 2014. - Monophyly and phylogenetic origin of the gall crab family Cryptochiridae (Decapoda: Brachyura). Invertebrate Systematics 28: 491 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13064" type="journal article" year="2014">van der Meij & Schubart 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE771EC6FDD3FB37" author="TANG B. - P. & XIN Z. - Z. & LIU Y. & ZHANG D. - Z. & WANG Z. - F. & ZHANG H. - B. & CHAI X. - Y. & ZHOU C. - L. & LIU Q. - N." box="[396,575,1236,1262]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="0179800" refId="ref63102" refString="TANG B. - P., XIN Z. - Z., LIU Y., ZHANG D. - Z., WANG Z. - F., ZHANG H. - B., CHAI X. - Y., ZHOU C. - L. & LIU Q. - N. 2017. - The complete mitochondrial genome of Sesarmops sinensis reveals gene rearrangements and phylogenetic relationships in Brachyura. PLoS ONE 12 (6): e 0179800. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0179800" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FE311EC6FE13FB37" box="[458,511,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FD7B1EC6FD02FB37" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[640,750,1236,1262]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic and its current subfamilies are not monophyletic. In view of the traditional morphology, the subfamilial divisions remain confuse, and it is probable that not only the subfamilies (at least some of them) are paraphyletic but, in addition, certain genera or species are at risk of standing clearly outside the major varunid grouping and must be excluded to recover the monophyletic status of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDF71FA1FD96FA14" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[524,634,1459,1485]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF791FC1FE8DFA34" author="KITAURA J. & WADA K. & NISHIDA M." box="[130,353,1491,1517]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="682 - 693" refId="ref56077" refString="KITAURA J., WADA K. & NISHIDA M. 2002. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid and ocypodoid crabs with special reference to the genera Metaplax and Macrophthalmus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (3): 682 - 693. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990281" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kitaura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FF261FC6FEFDFA34" box="[221,273,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have shown a sister-group relationship between varunine species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE2F1FE1FF2DF9F4" authority="Desmarest, 1823" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1823" class="Malacostraca" family="Macrophthalmidae" genus="Macrophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FE2F1FE1FD69F9D4" box="[468,645,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Macrophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
Desmarest, 1823
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which revealed distinct from studied ocypodid genera (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FF1C1C21FE83F994" author="BARNES R. S. K." box="[231,367,1587,1613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="31 - 49" refId="ref48362" refString="BARNES R. S. K. 2010. - A review of the sentinel and allied crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae) with particular reference to the genus Macrophthalmus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (1): 31 - 49." type="journal article" year="2010">Barnes 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE0A1C21FF3EF9B4" author="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="491 - 500" refId="ref64392" refString="VAN DER MEIJ S. E. T. & SCHUBART C. 2014. - Monophyly and phylogenetic origin of the gall crab family Cryptochiridae (Decapoda: Brachyura). Invertebrate Systematics 28: 491 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13064" type="journal article" year="2014">van der Meij & Schubart (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FEF71C41FE08F9B4" author="TSANG L. M. & SCHUBART C. D. & AHYONG S. T. & LAI J. C. Y. & AU E. Y. C. & CHAN T. - Y. & NG P. K. L. & CHU K. H." box="[268,484,1618,1645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1173 - 1187" refId="ref63741" refString="TSANG L. M., SCHUBART C. D., AHYONG S. T., LAI J. C. Y., AU E. Y. C., CHAN T. - Y., NG P. K. L. & CHU K. H. 2014. - Evolutionary history of true crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) and the origin of freshwater crabs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (5): 1173 - 1187." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Tsang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FEAC1C41FE62F9B5" box="[343,398,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered strong support for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF3A1C60FEC3F955" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[193,303,1650,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FEB61C60FD49F954" authority="Dana, 1851" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[333,677,1650,1677]" class="Malacostraca" family="Macrophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Macrophthalmidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FDD81C61FD49F954" author="DANA J. D." box="[547,677,1650,1677]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="247 - 254" refId="ref50710" refString="DANA J. D. 1851. - Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce. Crustacea Grapsoidea (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (10): 247 - 254." type="journal article" year="1851">Dana, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relationship. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FEB51C81FDFAF974" author="TSANG L. M. & AHYONG S. T. & SHIH H. - T. & NG P. K. L." box="[334,534,1682,1709]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="92 - 99" refId="ref63830" refString="TSANG L. M., AHYONG S. T., SHIH H. - T. & NG P. K. L. 2018. - Further polyphyly of pinnotheroid crabs: the molecular phylogenetic position of the polychaete-associated Aphanodactylidae. Invertebrate Systematics 32: 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tsang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FE6F1C81FE2BF975" box="[404,455,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDBE1C80FE81F915" authority="Ahyong & Ng, 2009" authorityName="Ahyong & Ng" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Aphanodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphanodactylidae Ahyong & Ng, 2009</taxonomicName>
|
||
, considered a monophyletic family, is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE701CC0FDB1F935" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[395,605,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Macrophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macrophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FD631CC0FCE4F935" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[664,776,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF221CE0FDCFF8D5" authority="De Haan, 1833" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[217,547,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pinnotheridae De Haan, 1833</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The high diversity of mating strategies described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE321D00FCEBF8F5" author="BROCKERHOFF A. M. & MCLAY C. L." box="[457,775,1809,1836]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="507 - 520" refId="ref49056" refString="BROCKERHOFF A. M. & MCLAY C. L. 2005. - Comparative analysis of the mating strategies in grapsid crabs with special references to the intertidal crabs Cyclograpsus lavauxi and Helice crassa (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from New Zealand. Journal of Crustacean Biology 25 (3): 507 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2548" type="journal article" year="2005">Brockerhoff & McLay (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concerns various varunids, instead of grapsids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAD2615FF601D43FD4AF872" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FF601D43FD4AF872" blockId="34.[130,777,757,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
The diversity of morphological characters exhibited by the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF781D63FF1CF852" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[131,240,1905,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrates how a coherent diagnosis of the family is difficult and does not support its monophyly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAD2615FF601DA3FB5CFC09" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FF601DA3FB5CFC09" blockId="34.[130,777,757,2028]" lastBlockId="34.[811,1456,757,1422]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
The varunid subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FE611DA3FF50F832" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FF3E1DC3FDADF832" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[197,577,2001,2028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">
|
||
Gaeticinae Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FE221DC0FDADF832" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[473,577,2001,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FDB21DC3FBDCFCD6" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[585,1072,757,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thalassograpsinae">
|
||
Thalassograpsinae Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FC3218E4FBDCFCD6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[969,1072,757,784]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FBC218E7FA41FCC9" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1081,1453,757,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">
|
||
Varuninae H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FB3718E7FA41FCC9" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[1228,1453,757,784]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FBEC1907FB41FCF6" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1047,1197,789,815]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FBEC1907FB41FCF6" box="[1047,1197,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FADE1904FA69FCF6" author="NG N. K." box="[1317,1413,789,816]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 1 and key p. 41; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FBBF1924FB30FC96" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1092,1244,821,848]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB971924FB73FC96" box="[1132,1183,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FB131927FCA0FCB6" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref51427" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 c. - Systematics and classification of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 18), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 2, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 1049 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FAD51924FA8CFC96" box="[1326,1376,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015c: 71
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In only one subfamily, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB8C1947FC58FC56" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a few representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB3A1967FC22FC76" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB3A1967FAADFC56" box="[1217,1345,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share some similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB051987FA43FC76" authority="Guinot & Ng & Rodríguez Moreno, 2018" authorityName="Guinot & Ng & Rodríguez Moreno" authorityYear="2018" box="[1278,1455,917,943]" family="Leptograpsodiae" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Leptograpsodiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAD2615FCD619A7FC97FC16" box="[813,891,949,975]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" rank="family">n. fam.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC0719A7FB49FC09" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1020,1189,949,976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAD2615FCB819C6FA7CFA34" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FCB819C6FB0EFA54" blockId="34.[811,1456,757,1422]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCB819C6FBEEFC37" ID-CoL="847CT" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[835,1026,980,1006]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, previously within the polyphyletic family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCD019E6FC2BFBD7" ID-CoL="7NKH5" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[811,967,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pinnotheridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB6E19E6FAEFFBD7" ID-CoL="7NLJ7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1173,1283,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Cuesta
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FA8619E7FA5CFBD7" box="[1405,1456,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005) based on molecular results. It was raised to separate familial status by Števčić (2005) within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB0B1E26FA80FB97" ID-CoL="7NFNX" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1264,1388,1076,1102]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC4F1E46FB9BFBB7" ID-CoL="847CT" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[948,1143,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAD2615FB7C1E46FB5BFBB7" box="[1159,1207,1108,1134]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FAF61E46FC35FB56" ID-CoL="7NRJT" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Asthenognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FAF61E46FA41FBB7" box="[1293,1453,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Asthenognathus</emphasis>
|
||
Stimpson, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were moved from Pinnotheroidea to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FA881E67FC84FB77" ID-CoL="7NLJ7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their own subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB971E86FAC3FB77" ID-CoL="847CT" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[1132,1327,1172,1198]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Števčić 2005;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FC881EA6FBA5FB17" author="NG P. K. L. & GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F." box="[883,1097,1204,1230]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FC671EA7FC3CFB17" box="[924,976,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008: 226
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FBAF1EA6FAF6FB16" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1108,1306,1204,1231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="921 - 979" refId="ref51328" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 b. - Phylogeny of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 16), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 2, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 921 - 979." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB611EA7FB22FB17" box="[1178,1230,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, c) or its own family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC8F1EC6FB0CFB37" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[884,1248,1235,1262]" family="Asthenognathidae" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" rank="family">Asthenognathidae Stimpson, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cuesta
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FAC71EC6FA81FB37" box="[1340,1389,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005; see also Palacios-Theil
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FBEE1EE6FBAAFAD4" box="[1045,1094,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FB751EE1FAA1FAD7" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[1166,1357,1267,1294]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB1A1EE6FAFEFAD4" box="[1249,1298,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 7).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCD01F01FC1DFAF4" ID-CoL="847CT" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[811,1009,1299,1325]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asthenognathinae">Asthenognathinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently found to be nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCD51F21FC70FA94" ID-CoL="7NLJ7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[814,924,1331,1357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of aligning with pinnotherids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FAC21F26FC89FAB4" author="TSANG L. M. & AHYONG S. T. & SHIH H. - T. & NG P. K. L." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="92 - 99" refId="ref63830" refString="TSANG L. M., AHYONG S. T., SHIH H. - T. & NG P. K. L. 2018. - Further polyphyly of pinnotheroid crabs: the molecular phylogenetic position of the polychaete-associated Aphanodactylidae. Invertebrate Systematics 32: 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tsang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FA851F26FA5CFA94" box="[1406,1456,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given the numerous differences, a comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCD61F61FBD0FA54" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[813,1084,1395,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAD2615FC081F66FBD0FA54" box="[1011,1084,1395,1422]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. is superfluous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FCB01FC1FA7CFA34" blockId="34.[843,1424,1491,1518]" box="[843,1424,1491,1518]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC441FC6FA7CFA34" ID-CoL="847DQ" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[959,1424,1491,1518]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">CYCLOGRAPSINAE H. Milne Edwards, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAD2614FCD61C01FE75FDC9" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2615FCD61C01FBB5F9F2" blockId="34.[810,1457,1555,2028]" box="[813,1113,1555,1581]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
POSITION OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC451C01FBB5F9F2" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[958,1113,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FC451C01FBB5F9F2" box="[958,1113,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">CYCLOGRAPSUS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAD2614FCD61C20FE75FDC9" blockId="34.[810,1457,1555,2028]" lastBlockId="35.[130,777,215,1517]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FCD61C20FC1AF994" author="GUINOT D." box="[813,1014,1586,1613]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot(1979: 209)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to recognise that the sesarmines including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC641C40FBCEF9B5" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[927,1058,1618,1644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FC641C40FBCEF9B5" box="[927,1058,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allied genera showed the same sternal male gonopore structure as varunines (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FA851C60FBC8F975" author="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="613 - 694" refId="ref53418" refString="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M. 1998. - Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20 (4): 613 - 694." type="journal article" year="1998">Guinot & Bouchard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FBC61C81FAF9F975" author="NG P. K. L. & WANG C. - H. & HO P. - H. & SHIH H. - T." box="[1085,1301,1682,1709]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref59975" refString="NG P. K. L., WANG C. - H., HO P. - H. & SHIH H. - T. 2001. - Anannotated checklist of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan (Crustacea: Decapoda). National Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series Taipei 11: 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FB931C81FB72F975" box="[1128,1182,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001: 41
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 44) included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FCD51CA0FC5CF915" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[814,944,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FCD51CA0FC5CF915" box="[814,944,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC171CA0FBB0F915" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1004,1116,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but did not recognise the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FA7C1CA0FC5DF935" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate taxon, similarly to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FAE81CC0FC6BF8D5" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref61904" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A., DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L. 2000 b. - Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of non-marine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brach- yura). Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 15 (2): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0754" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FA801CC1FA5CF935" box="[1403,1456,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FC6F1CE0FB45F8D5" author="KARASAWA H. & KATO H." box="[916,1193,1778,1804]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref55795" refString="KARASAWA H. & KATO H. 2001. - The systematic status of the genus Miosesarma Karasawa, 1989 with a phylogenetic analysis within the family Grapsidae and a review of fossil records (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Paleontological Research 5: 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="2001">Karasawa & Kato (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FB181CE0FA43F8D5" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[1251,1455,1778,1804]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" refId="ref50907" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. 2002. - Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda Anomura, Brachyura, in WELLS A. & HOUSTON W. W. K. (eds), Zological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 p." type="book" year="2002">Davie (2002: 207)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are credited for resurrecting the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FAF01D00FBA9F895" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">
|
||
Cyclograpsinae H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FCAE1D23FBA9F895" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[853,1093,1841,1868]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=Cyclograpsacea H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FAC61D23FC5AF8B5" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, long treated as synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FACD1D43FC58F855" authority="Dana, 1851" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Sesarminae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FCD51D60FC58F855" author="DANA J. D." box="[814,948,1905,1932]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="247 - 254" refId="ref50710" refString="DANA J. D. 1851. - Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce. Crustacea Grapsoidea (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (10): 247 - 254." type="journal article" year="1851">Dana, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although they took however the conservative approach of treating the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FBD41D83FB72F872" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1071,1182,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grapsinae">Grapsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FB5C1D83FACEF872" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1191,1314,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FAD11D83FCBEF815" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FC721DA3FC14F812" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[905,1016,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as grapsid subfamilies (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FAAA1DA3FC4EF832" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & XUAN N. V." pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="379 - 386" refId="ref51181" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. & XUAN N. V. 2003. - A new species of Metaplax (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae: Cyclograpsinae) fromVietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 379 - 386." type="journal article" year="2003">Davie & Xuan 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAD2615FC551DC3FBB4F832" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[942,1112,2001,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAD2615FC101DC0FBF0F832" box="[1003,1052,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAD2615FAD81DC3FA7CF832" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1315,1424,2001,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF3D1ACAFEB5FF28" author="NG N. K." box="[198,345,215,242]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng (2006: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 39, 54, 469), which included 16 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF5A1AE5FECDFEC8" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[161,289,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF5A1AE5FECDFEC8" box="[161,289,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FED51AEAFE26FEC8" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[302,458,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FED51AEAFE26FEC8" box="[302,458,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not studied. Larval studies and, chiefly, molecular phylogenetic researches, as those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF5B1B25FE2CFE88" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A." box="[160,448,311,337]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="61 - 84" refId="ref61505" refString="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. 1998. - The first zoeal stages of four Sesarma species from Panama, with identification keys and remarks on the American Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Journal of Plankton Research 20: 61 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 20.1.61" type="journal article" year="1998">Schubart & Cuesta (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE371B25FD57FE88" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L." box="[460,699,311,337]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref61904" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A., DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L. 2000 b. - Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of non-marine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brach- yura). Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 15 (2): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0754" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FDC81B2AFD8AFE88" box="[563,614,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002: 39, figs 7, 8, table 1),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE881B45FDBDFEA8" author="KITAURA J. & WADA K. & NISHIDA M." box="[371,593,343,369]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="682 - 693" refId="ref56077" refString="KITAURA J., WADA K. & NISHIDA M. 2002. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid and ocypodoid crabs with special reference to the genera Metaplax and Macrophthalmus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (3): 682 - 693. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990281" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kitaura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE371B4AFDECFEA8" box="[460,512,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, supported close relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FED11B65FE46FE48" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[298,426,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FED11B65FE46FE48" box="[298,426,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE071B65FD86FE48" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[508,618,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FD6A1B65FCE8FE48" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[657,772,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Today,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF281B84FE9AFE69" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[211,374,406,432]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is accepted as a distinct clade within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF491BA4FECAFE09" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[178,294,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE7F1BA5FDF0FE08" author="NG N. K." box="[388,540,438,465]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng 2006: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 36, 469, 476, 478; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF371BC5FE4CFE29" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[204,416,470,497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF081BC5FECBFE29" box="[243,295,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 234
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE501BC5FD6EFE29" author="NG P. K. L. & GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F." box="[427,642,470,497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE2E1BC5FDE5FE29" box="[469,521,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008: 226
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD761BC4FF18FDC9" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="11 - 163" refId="ref51226" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 a. - Anatomy and functional morphology of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 2), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 1, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 11 - 163." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FD2F1BC5FCEBFE29" box="[724,775,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a: 41
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FEFB1BE4FE61FDC9" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." box="[256,397,502,529]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref51427" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 c. - Systematics and classification of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 18), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 2, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 1049 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="2015">2015c: 1120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAC2614FF601804FBDBF895" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FF601804FE80FB97" blockId="35.[130,777,215,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
So varied is the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE551804FDBDFDE9" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[430,593,534,560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that it is difficult to make general statements.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE561824FDC0FD89" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[429,556,566,592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE561824FDC0FD89" box="[429,556,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be the closest member to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEDC1844FE51FDA9" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[295,445,598,624]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEDC1844FE51FDA9" box="[295,445,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus our study will first focus on this genus. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEC41864FE53FD49" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[319,447,630,656]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEC41864FE53FD49" box="[319,447,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus that probably exceeds 20 worldwide distributed species (Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD651884FCECFD69" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[670,768,662,688]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF7F18A4FECAFD09" author="NG P. K. L. & GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F." box="[132,294,693,720]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. & DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF4B18A4FF09FD16" box="[176,229,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Naruse & N. K. Ng 2012;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD9218A4FD1AFD09" author="NARUSE T." box="[617,758,693,720]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is probably not monophyletic, we will restrict our study to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAC2614FF5518E4FF30FCC9" box="[174,220,758,784]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FECE18E4FE55FCD6" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[309,441,758,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FECE18E4FE55FCD6" box="[309,441,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF7F1907FEB3FCF6" author="RATHBUN M. J." box="[132,351,789,816]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref61063" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. United States National Museum Bulletin 97: xxii + 461 p., pls 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.97. i" type="book chapter" year="1918">Rathbun 1918: 328</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and only its allies. They show a small orbit, a real infraorbital margin lacks, and a variously ornamented (granules, tubercles, elongated structures) suborbital crest is present. In cyclograpsines, the strongly developed and suborbital crest can be stridulatory in conjunction with cheliped merus, which is either only thickened and without a differentiated structure, or bears a horny ridge, usually sexually dimorphic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FED119E6FE4DFBD6" author="TESCH J. J." box="[298,417,1012,1039]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="11 - 48" refId="ref63440" refString="TESCH J. J. 1918. - The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga Expedition. I. Hymenosomidae, Retroplumidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, and Gecarcinidae. Siboga Expedition Decapoda Monographs 39 (c): 11 - 48, 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10267" type="book chapter" year="1918">Tesch 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Guinot-Dumortier &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD6E19E6FF56FBF7" author="DUMORTIER D. & DUMORTIER B." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="117 - 155" refId="ref53564" refString="GUINOT- DUMORTIER D. & DUMORTIER B. 1960. - La stridulation chez les crabes. Crustaceana 1 (2): 117 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854060 X 00168" type="journal article" year="1960">Dumortier 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF311E06FE96FBF7" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[202,378,1044,1070]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEF21E07FED0FBF7" box="[265,316,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE731E06FDA6FBF6" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." box="[392,586,1044,1071]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="11 - 163" refId="ref51226" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 a. - Anatomy and functional morphology of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 2), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 1, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 11 - 163." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE351E07FDEDFBF7" box="[462,513,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FD701E06FE80FB97" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Stridulatory structures in grapsoids.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FF601E46FD69FA34" blockId="35.[130,777,215,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEB81E46FDC3FBB7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[323,559,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEB81E46FDC3FBB7" box="[323,559,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species restricted to southern Africa (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FE811E66FDF4FB57" author="RATHBUN M. J." box="[378,536,1140,1166]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref61063" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. United States National Museum Bulletin 97: xxii + 461 p., pls 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.97. i" type="book chapter" year="1918">Rathbun 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FDDE1E66FD55FB56" author="BARNARD K. H." box="[549,697,1140,1167]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 837" refId="ref48319" refString="BARNARD K. H. 1950. - Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum 38: 1 - 837. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40853502" type="journal article" year="1950">Barnard 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD3D1E66FF50FB76" author="GARTH J. S." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref52632" refString="GARTH J. S. 1957. - Reports of the Lund University Chile expedition 1948 - 1949. No. 29. The Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura of Chile. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift N. F. Avd, 2, 53 (7): 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1957">Garth 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FF321E86FEBCFB77" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[201,336,1172,1198]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="235 - 238" refId="ref52863" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1968. - A new species of Cyclograpsus (Decapoda, Grapsidae) and notes on five others from the Pacific Ocean. Crustaceana 15 (3): 235 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854068 X 00359" type="journal article" year="1968">Griffin 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FEA61E86FD4DFB77" author="FAGETTI E. & CAMPODONICO I." box="[349,673,1172,1198]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="183 - 195" refId="ref52180" refString="FAGETTI E. & CAMPODONICO I. 1971. - The larval development of the crab Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, under laboratory conditions (Decapoda Brachyura, Grapsidae, Sesarminae). Crustaceana 21 (2): 183 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854071 X 00391" type="journal article" year="1971">Fagetti & Campodonico 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FD561E86FF09FB17" author="EMMERSON W. D." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" refId="ref52082" refString="EMMERSON W. D. 2016. - A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Volume 2: x + 745 p.; vol. 3: x + 711 p." type="book" year="2016">Emmerson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), provides some similarities with that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FD891EA6FEEFFB37" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FD891EA6FEEFFB37" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: it develops aerial respiratory adaptations, so is highly resistant to desiccation, lives semi-terrestrially, enters estuaries and diggs more or less elaborate burrows in the muddy banks of the rivers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FEA51F21FDC6FA94" author="BROEKHUYSEN G. J." box="[350,554,1331,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="331 - 366" refId="ref48975" refString="BROEKHUYSEN G. J. 1941. - The life-history of Cyclograpsus punctatus M. Edw.: breeding and growth. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 28 (4): 331 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359194009520020" type="journal article" year="1941">Broekhuysen 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FDC71F21FF50FAB4" author="ALEXANDER S. J. & EWER D. W." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref47935" refString="ALEXANDER S. J. & EWER D. W. 1969. - Comparative study of some aspects of the biology and ecology of Sesarma catenata Ort. and Cyclograpsus punctatus M. Edw., with additional observations on Sesarma meinerti De Man. Zoologica Africana 4 (1): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00445096.1969.11447364" type="journal article" year="1969">Alexander & Ewer 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FEE51F46FE3FFAB4" author="EMMERSON W. D." box="[286,467,1363,1390]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" refId="ref52082" refString="EMMERSON W. D. 2016. - A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Volume 2: x + 745 p.; vol. 3: x + 711 p." type="book" year="2016">Emmerson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE101F41FCEBFAB4" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[491,775,1363,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE101F41FCEBFAB4" box="[491,775,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the fine reticulated pattern of short curved setae that entirely covers the pterygostome and results in a fine film of water over the setae, characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FDE01FA1FCEAFA14" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[539,774,1459,1485]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FDE01FA1FCEAFA14" box="[539,774,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sesarmids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FED11FC1FDDCFA34" author="ALEXANDER S. J. & EWER D. W." box="[298,560,1491,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref47935" refString="ALEXANDER S. J. & EWER D. W. 1969. - Comparative study of some aspects of the biology and ecology of Sesarma catenata Ort. and Cyclograpsus punctatus M. Edw., with additional observations on Sesarma meinerti De Man. Zoologica Africana 4 (1): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00445096.1969.11447364" type="journal article" year="1969">Alexander & Ewer 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FF7F1C06FD28F9F2" blockId="35.[130,775,1555,2028]" box="[132,708,1555,1582]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
COMPARISON OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEC61C01FE38F9F2" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[317,468,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEC61C01FE38F9F2" box="[317,468,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. PUNCTATUS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AND
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FDF41C01FD28F9F2" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[527,708,1555,1580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FDF41C01FD28F9F2" box="[527,708,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">LEPTOGRAPSODES</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FF7F1C20FB41FDE8" blockId="35.[130,775,1555,2028]" lastBlockId="35.[811,1457,215,1868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The comparaison between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE5E1C20FD2DF995" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[421,705,1586,1612]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE5E1C20FD2DF995" box="[421,705,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially when small specimens are examined, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAC2614FD931C40FD4FF9B5" box="[616,675,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF7F1C60FE8FF955" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[132,355,1650,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF7F1C60FE8FF955" box="[132,355,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a relatively small species, reveals a lot of distinguishing characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE111C80FD6CF975" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[490,640,1682,1708]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE111C80FD6CF975" box="[490,640,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF7F1CA0FEEEF915" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[132,258,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF7F1CA0FEEEF915" box="[132,258,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by, e.g. carapace margin strongly convex and with three weak teeth (only slightly convex, almost straight, with margin subcristate, entire or indistinctly notched in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FD561CE0FF5AF8F2" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FD561CE0FF5AF8F2" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); anterolateral margin normal (carinate and ventrally hollowed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEF01D20FE62F892" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[267,398,1842,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEF01D20FE62F892" box="[267,398,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); presence of several postero-lateral striae (at most 2-3 faint ridges obliquely connecting to posterolateral margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FE9D1D63FE0AF852" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[358,486,1905,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FE9D1D63FE0AF852" box="[358,486,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); two pairs of frontal lobes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF081D80FE98F872" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[243,372,1938,1964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF081D80FE98F872" box="[243,372,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); carapace dorsal surface grooved (flat and smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FEDA1DA0FE4FF812" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[289,419,1970,1996]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FEDA1DA0FE4FF812" box="[289,419,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); developed suborbital tooth (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FF351DC3FEA7F832" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[206,331,2001,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FF351DC3FEA7F832" box="[206,331,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); sunken, faint, finely granulose suborbital margin, continuous to near inner limit of orbit and paralleled by developed stridulatory suborbital crest (a thickening encircling and surrounding base of eyestalk in middle of orbit, eclipsed by prominent suborbital crest having a stridulatory role in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FC8E1B45FC19FEA8" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[885,1013,343,369]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FC8E1B45FC19FEA8" box="[885,1013,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); shape of epistome; mxp3 merus without oblique setose crest (with oblique setose crest in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FAE61B65FA71FE49" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1309,1437,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FAE61B65FA71FE49" box="[1309,1437,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); pterygostome with shallow, simple vertical groove, parallel to buccal cavity (without vertical groove in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB1F1BA5FA8BFE09" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1252,1383,439,465]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB1F1BA5FA8BFE09" box="[1252,1383,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); subhepatic, pterygostomial and subbranchial regions covered by pubescence lacking reticulate pattern (reticulated network of short hooked setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FBE21805FB70FDE9" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1049,1180,535,561]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FBE21805FB70FDE9" box="[1049,1180,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FCB81824FB8BFC16" blockId="35.[811,1457,215,1868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The shape of the orbit, with a stridulating suborbital crest in both genera, merits careful comparison: a close scrutiny reveals their discrepancy. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB9B1864FAA5FD49" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1120,1353,630,656]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB9B1864FAA5FD49" box="[1120,1353,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the orbit is small and closed laterally, a real infraorbital margin lacks and there is only a strongly developed, coarsely granulated suborbital crest that acts in conjunction with variously thickened inner margin of cheliped merus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB1418E7FA69FCD6" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1263,1413,757,783]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB1418E7FA69FCD6" box="[1263,1413,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the large orbit is opened laterally, there is a faint but very distinct suborbital margin, with, in addition, subparallel to and below, a suborbital crest consisting of numerous, very fine and regular granules; this crest (pars stridens) is stridulatory in conjunction with a smooth, delimited crest (plectrum) at inner face of cheliped merus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FCB819C6FC59FA77" blockId="35.[811,1457,215,1868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The status of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FBC319C6FB57FC37" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[1080,1211,980,1006]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FBC319C6FB57FC37" box="[1080,1211,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain. That
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FA7119C7FC79FBD7" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FA7119C7FC79FBD7" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic was shown by the specific disparity of larval features (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FBAC1E06FAD6FBF7" author="GORE R. H. & SCOTTO L. E." box="[1111,1338,1044,1070]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="501 - 521" refId="ref52767" refString="GORE R. H. & SCOTTO L. E. 1982. - Cyclograpsus integer H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Brachyura, Grapsidae): the complete larval development in the laboratory, with notes on larvae of the genus Cyclograpsus. Fishery Bulletin 80: 501 - 521." type="journal article" year="1982">Gore & Scotto 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FABD1E06FC32FB97" author="CUESTA J. A. & RODRIGUEZ A." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="323 - 327" refId="ref50047" refString="CUESTA J. A. & RODRIGUEZ A. 1994. - Early zoeal stages of Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius), P. transvs (Gibbes) and P. maurus (Lucas) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina 58: 323 - 327." type="journal article" year="1994">Cuesta & Rodríguez 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and of locking-pleonal mechanism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FA801E26FBC9FBB7" author="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="613 - 694" refId="ref53418" refString="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M. 1998. - Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20 (4): 613 - 694." type="journal article" year="1998">Guinot & Bouchard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FBCF1E46FB11FBB7" author="KOHNK S. & GORB S. & BRANDIS D." box="[1076,1277,1108,1134]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="2087 - 2132" refId="ref56245" refString="KOHNK S., GORB S. & BRANDIS D. 2017. - The morphological and functional variability of pleon-holding mechanisms in selected Eubrachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda). Journal of Natural History 51 (35 - 36): 2087 - 2132. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1355076" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Köhnk
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB7C1E47FB50FBB7" box="[1159,1212,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As a result, all species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FBF31E66FB5DFB57" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1032,1201,1140,1166]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
need a reevalution, as Naruse & N. K. Ng (2012) has done for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB1C1E86FC0FFB16" authority="Nobili, 1905" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1905" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB1C1E86FCA3FB17" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclograpsus lophopus</emphasis>
|
||
Nobili, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that revealed to be a sesarmid and became
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FCD61EC6FB4FFB37" authority="(Nobili, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Nobili" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[813,1187,1235,1262]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Cyclorma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FCD61EC6FC18FB37" box="[813,1012,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Cyclorma lophopus</emphasis>
|
||
(Nobili, 1905)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB541EC6FC3BFAD7" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB541EC6FAD2FB37" box="[1199,1342,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. granulosus</emphasis>
|
||
H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FA961EC6FC3BFAD7" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a conspicuous species occurring on rocky shorelines in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FFAC2614FB9A1F01FB2AFAF4" box="[1121,1222,1299,1325]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FFAC2614FABE1F01FA5CFAF4" box="[1349,1456,1299,1325]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FCC31F21FBB6FA94" author="CAMPBELL B. M. & GRIFFIN D. L. G." box="[824,1114,1331,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="127 - 174" refId="ref49235" refString="CAMPBELL B. M. & GRIFFIN D. L. G. 1966. - The Australian Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura): genera Helice, Helograpsus nov., Cyclograpsus, and Paragrapsus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 14 (5): 127 - 174. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48743064" type="journal article" year="1966">Campbell & Griffin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FB931F21FB18FA94" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[1128,1268,1331,1357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="597 - 621" refId="ref52969" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1971. - The ecological distribution of grapsid and ocypodid shore crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) inTasmania. Journal of Animal Ecology 40 (3): 597 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3440" type="journal article" year="1971">Griffin 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and known by its completely sequenced mitochondrial genome (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FAB71F46FC8AFA54" author="TAN H. T. & GAN H. M. & LEE Y. P. & AUSTIN C. M." pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="3981 - 3982" refId="ref62955" refString="TAN H. T., GAN H. M., LEE Y. P. & AUSTIN C. M. 2016. - The complete mitogenome of purple mottled shore crab Cyclograpsus granulosus H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsoidea), Mitochondrial DNA Part A 27 (6): 3981 - 3982. https: // doi. org / 10.3109 / 19401736.2014.989514" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Tan
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FA871F46FA5CFAB4" box="[1404,1456,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is morphologically quite distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FAEC1F61FC42FA74" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FAEC1F61FC42FA74" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FCB81FA1FBDBF895" blockId="35.[811,1457,215,1868]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The junction of the proepistome to the front is rather similar in the two genera. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FBA61FC1FB1FFA34" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1117,1267,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FBA61FC1FB1FFA34" box="[1117,1267,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sternal suture 1/2 strongly marked, sternites 1 +2 semi-ovate; suture 2/3 straight (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FCA91C01FC38F9F5" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[850,980,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FCA91C01FC38F9F5" box="[850,980,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sternite 1 individualised, with thick ridge at the location of suture 1/2, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAC2614FB8E1C20FB0BF994" box="[1141,1255,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FAE21C20FA43F995" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1305,1455,1586,1612]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FAE21C20FA43F995" box="[1305,1455,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sternite 8 only developed laterally, a minute portion visible posteriorly when pleon is folded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAC2614FB661C60FB1EF955" box="[1181,1266,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[289,1368,217,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[169,1432,150,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); B, genital area with male gonopore and penis; C, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; D, front and orbit. Abbreviations: b, bridge; b.p., press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1-5, P1-P5 coxae; e.p., exposed proximal portion of penis; e.t., extraorbital tooth; e4-e7, episternites 4-7; i.b., suborbital border; i.s., incomplete sulcus; i.t., suborbital tooth; m.l., median line; mxp3; third maxilliped; P1, P2, P3, pleonal somites 1-3; p, penis; p.e., posterior emargination; p.p., proximal portion of penis; p.r., pleonal rim; s.c., stridulating crest; s.p., sterno-pleonal cavity; 1-8, thoracic sternites 1-8; 1/2-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FAD11C61FA43F955" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1322,1455,1651,1677]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FAD11C61FA43F955" box="[1322,1455,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sternite 8 developed, medially exposed, and with large portion visible dorsally when pleon is folded); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FAE21CA0FA43F915" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1305,1455,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FAE21CA0FA43F915" box="[1305,1455,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male gonopore close to P5 coxa and far from suture 7/8; penis long, emerging on sternite 8, not very far from suture 7/8, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAC2614FCA91D00FC4CF8F5" box="[850,928,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[289,1368,217,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[169,1432,150,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); B, genital area with male gonopore and penis; C, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; D, front and orbit. Abbreviations: b, bridge; b.p., press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1-5, P1-P5 coxae; e.p., exposed proximal portion of penis; e.t., extraorbital tooth; e4-e7, episternites 4-7; i.b., suborbital border; i.s., incomplete sulcus; i.t., suborbital tooth; m.l., median line; mxp3; third maxilliped; P1, P2, P3, pleonal somites 1-3; p, penis; p.e., posterior emargination; p.p., proximal portion of penis; p.r., pleonal rim; s.c., stridulating crest; s.p., sterno-pleonal cavity; 1-8, thoracic sternites 1-8; 1/2-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FC2A1D00FBBEF8F2" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[977,1106,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FC2A1D00FBBEF8F2" box="[977,1106,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">C. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male gonopore far from P5 coxa; penis short, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAC2614FC2E1D23FBC5F895" box="[981,1065,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAC2614FCD61D61FB56F853" box="[813,1210,1907,1933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FCD61D61FB56F853" blockId="35.[811,1455,1907,2028]" box="[813,1210,1907,1933]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
OTHER GENERA OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FBFB1D61FB56F853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1024,1210,1907,1933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">CYCLOGRAPSINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAC2613FCD61D83FD5AFEE8" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAC2614FCD61D83FA43F832" blockId="35.[811,1455,1907,2028]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">
|
||
The status of all other genera included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB201D83FA6CF872" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1243,1408,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FCD01DA3FB3DF812" authority="Campbell & Griffin, 1966" authorityName="Campbell & Griffin" authorityYear="1966" box="[811,1233,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FCD01DA3FC49F812" box="[811,933,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Helograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FC571DA3FB3DF812" author="CAMPBELL B. M. & GRIFFIN D. L. G." box="[940,1233,1969,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="127 - 174" refId="ref49235" refString="CAMPBELL B. M. & GRIFFIN D. L. G. 1966. - The Australian Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura): genera Helice, Helograpsus nov., Cyclograpsus, and Paragrapsus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 14 (5): 127 - 174. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48743064" type="journal article" year="1966">Campbell & Griffin, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAC2614FB261DA3FC26F835" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1852" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1852" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Metaplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAC2614FB261DA3FAD3F812" box="[1245,1343,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="580">Metaplax</emphasis>
|
||
H. Milne Edwards, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FC021DC0FB05F832" author="KARASAWA H. & KATO H." box="[1017,1257,2001,2028]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref55795" refString="KARASAWA H. & KATO H. 2001. - The systematic status of the genus Miosesarma Karasawa, 1989 with a phylogenetic analysis within the family Grapsidae and a review of fossil records (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Paleontological Research 5: 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="2001">Karasawa & Kato 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2.24;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAC2614FAAD1DC3FA43F832" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & XUAN N. V." box="[1366,1455,2001,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="580" pagination="379 - 386" refId="ref51181" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. & XUAN N. V. 2003. - A new species of Metaplax (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae: Cyclograpsinae) fromVietnam. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 379 - 386." type="journal article" year="2003">Davie &</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF7F1ACAFD5AFEE8" blockId="36.[132,775,215,306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Xuan 2003),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FEE91ACAFD70FF2B" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[274,668,215,242]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Paragrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FEE91ACAFE66FF28" box="[274,394,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Paragrapsus</emphasis>
|
||
H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FE4F1AC5FD70FF2B" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[436,668,215,242]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF7F1AEAFE82FECB" authority="(Dana, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[132,366,247,274]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Paragrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF7F1AEAFF38FEC8" box="[132,212,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">P. laevis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF191AE5FE8AFECB" author="DANA J. D." box="[226,358,247,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="247 - 254" refId="ref50710" refString="DANA J. D. 1851. - Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce. Crustacea Grapsoidea (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (10): 247 - 254." type="journal article" year="1851">Dana, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the “mottled shore crab” from Southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FFAB2613FF2D1B05FED6FEEB" box="[214,314,279,306]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), deserves a thorough examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FF451B65FD45FD95" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF451B65FD21FE48" blockId="36.[190,717,375,402]" box="[190,717,375,402]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FEC91B6AFD21FE48" ID-CoL="847FQ" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[306,717,375,402]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">
|
||
GAETICINAE Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FD9E1B65FD21FE48" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[613,717,375,401]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF7F1BA2FD45FD95" blockId="36.[132,775,432,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
INCLUDED GENERA. — The subfamily consits of only a few genera, notably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF291BD8FE7DFE3B" ID-CoL="7PGD8" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[210,401,458,482]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF291BD8FEFAFE38" box="[210,278,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice</emphasis>
|
||
Gistel, 1848
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAB2613FE611BD9FE2FFE3A" box="[410,451,459,483]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAB2613FDF11BD8FDD9FE3B" box="[522,565,458,482]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FD841BD8FEB7FE24" ID-CoL="6JWCH" authority="(De Haan, 1833))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="De Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FD841BD8FF72FE25" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice depressus</emphasis>
|
||
(De Haan, 1833))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE9C1BF6FD63FE25" ID-CoL="7NMXG" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[359,655,484,508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Acmaeopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE9C1BF6FE05FE25" box="[359,489,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Acmaeopleura</emphasis>
|
||
Stimpson, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FD601BF6FEB1FDCE" ID-CoL="7PHCP" authority="Naruse & Clark, 2009" authorityName="Naruse & Clark" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gopkittisak" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FD601BF6FCEBFE25" box="[667,775,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gopkittisak</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF7F1BEDFEB1FDCE" author="NARUSE T. & CLARK P. F." box="[132,349,511,535]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="61 - 68" refId="ref58156" refString="NARUSE T. & CLARK P. F. 2009. - Establishment of a new genus for Asthenognathus gallardoi Serene & Soh, 1976 within Gaeticinae Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae). Zootaxa 1987: 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Naruse & Clark, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE9E1BEDFD62FDCE" authority="Ortmann, 1894" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[357,654,511,535]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pseudopinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE9E1BEDFE00FDCE" box="[357,492,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Pseudopinnixa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FE0A1BEDFD62FDCE" author="ORTMANN A." box="[497,654,511,535]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="683 - 772" refId="ref60146" refString="ORTMANN A. 1894. - Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums. VIII. Theil. Abtheilung: Brachyura (Brachyura genuina Boas) III. Unterabtheilung: Cancroidea, 2. Section: Cancrinea, 2. Gruppe: Catometopa. Zoologische Jahresbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 8: 683 - 772." type="journal article" year="1894">Ortmann, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FD6D1BEDFEE5FDE8" ID-CoL="7PVPN" authority="Naruse, 2015" authorityName="Naruse" authorityYear="2015" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Proexotelson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FD6D1BEDFCEBFDCE" box="[662,775,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Proexotelson</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF7F1808FEE5FDE8" author="NARUSE T." box="[132,265,537,561]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FEED1808FD6DFDEB" ID-CoL="7PZJR" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[278,641,537,562]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Sestrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FEED1808FE6DFDE8" box="[278,385,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Sestrostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FDD91808FD6DFDEB" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[546,641,538,562]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF381826FEF7FD95" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[195,283,564,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEDC1826FDFCFD95" author="KOMAI T. & KONISHI K." box="[295,528,564,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="29 - 37" refId="ref56350" refString="KOMAI T. & KONISHI K. 2012. - Reappraisal of the systematic position of the supposed pinnotherid crab Pseudopinnixa carinata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Species Diversity 17: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.029" type="journal article" year="2012">Komai & Konishi 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FDE61826FD77FD95" author="NARUSE T." box="[541,667,564,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FF7F1864FC32FE68" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF7F1864FF04FD57" blockId="36.[130,777,630,2028]" box="[132,232,630,656]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF7F1884FDBBFB57" blockId="36.[130,777,630,2028]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
This subfamily is remarkable for having mouthparts and thoracic sternum highly modified for suspension feeding, and male pleonal somites 3-6 functionally fused. In gaeticines (see Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEA018E4FE50FCD6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[347,444,757,784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 5H, 7B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FDA818E4FCECFCD6" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="De Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[595,768,757,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FDA818E4FCECFCD6" box="[595,768,757,784]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice depressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF7F1907FE64FCF6" author="KOMAI T. & KONISHI K." box="[132,392,789,815]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="29 - 37" refId="ref56350" refString="KOMAI T. & KONISHI K. 2012. - Reappraisal of the systematic position of the supposed pinnotherid crab Pseudopinnixa carinata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Species Diversity 17: 29 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.029" type="journal article" year="2012">Komai & Konishi 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2D, E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FDE91907FEDBFC96" authority="Ortmann, 1894" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityYear="1894" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pseudopinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FDE91907FCEBFCF6" box="[530,775,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Pseudopinnixa carinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF7F1927FEDBFC96" author="ORTMANN A." box="[132,311,821,847]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="683 - 772" refId="ref60146" refString="ORTMANN A. 1894. - Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums. VIII. Theil. Abtheilung: Brachyura (Brachyura genuina Boas) III. Unterabtheilung: Cancroidea, 2. Section: Cancrinea, 2. Gruppe: Catometopa. Zoologische Jahresbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 8: 683 - 772." type="journal article" year="1894">Ortmann, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEBE1924FE3EFC89" author="NARUSE T." box="[325,466,821,848]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1a-d:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FDB41924FCECFC96" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="De Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[591,768,821,848]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FDB41924FCECFC96" box="[591,768,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice depressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF7F1947FE38FCB6" authority="(Shen, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Shen" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[132,468,853,879]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Sestrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balssi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF7F1947FED6FCB6" box="[132,314,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Sestrostoma balssi</emphasis>
|
||
(Shen, 1932)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE1A1947FCEEFCA9" authority="(Sakai, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Sakai" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[481,770,853,880]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Sestrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE1A1947FD89FCB6" box="[481,613,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">S. depressum</emphasis>
|
||
(Sakai, 1965)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF7D1967FDF2FC49" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[134,542,885,912]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Acmaeopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF7D1967FE87FC56" box="[134,363,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Acmaeopleura parvula</emphasis>
|
||
Stimpson, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively), the first sternites are peculiar, being medially hollowed to receive the setal brush of mxp3 palp. Sternite 1 is triangular; sternite 2 is distinctly produced anterolaterally and easily recognisable; the well marked suture 2/3 encompasses diverse patterns (Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEC81E07FE21FBF6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[307,461,1044,1071]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007: 216</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in particular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FD7F1E06FCEDFBF7" authorityName="Naruse" authorityYear="2015" box="[644,769,1044,1070]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Proexotelson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FD7F1E06FCEDFBF7" box="[644,769,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Proexotelson</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the long sterno-pleonal cavity (together with long pleon, long G1) completely covers the sternal plate and joins the buccal cavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEB31E67FE3FFB56" author="NARUSE T." box="[328,467,1140,1167]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6B, 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF601E86FDDFF954" blockId="36.[130,777,630,2028]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAB2613FF1A1E86FEE3FB77" box="[225,271,1172,1198]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus and species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE2C1E86FD68FB77" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="De Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[471,644,1172,1198]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE2C1E86FD68FB77" box="[471,644,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice depressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAB2613FD691E86FD23FB77" box="[658,719,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F) the first sternites are highly modified as precedingly indicated, which makes difficult interpretation of sutures. A suture 2/3 is clearly visible; sternites 1 and 2 are fused, the line of setae that crosses not seemingly being a true suture; sternite 8 is broad, developed medially, and with a median line (not clearly visible in the figure of Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FDCA1F46FD79FAB4" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[561,661,1363,1390]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5H); the exposed lateral portion is transversally crossed by a deep, complete sulcus that joins the gonopore to the P5 coxo-sternal condyle. A large portion of sternite 8 is exposed laterally when pleon is folded. The median line extends on sternite 8 and 7. The male sternal gonopore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FE561FE1FDD5F9D4" author="GUINOT D." box="[429,569,1523,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 52G; Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF371C01FEC3F9F4" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[204,303,1555,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5H) is far from P5 coxa and from suture 7/8. The penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE831C21FE28F994" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[376,452,1587,1613]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gaetice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE831C21FE28F994" box="[376,452,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gaetice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FD711C21FD34F995" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[650,728,1587,1612]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FD711C21FD34F995" box="[650,728,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and seems to be able to be applied against the gonopore (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF7D1C61FF38F955" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[134,212,1651,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF7D1C61FF38F955" box="[134,212,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FEF31C60FE3CF955" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[264,464,1650,1676]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FEA51C61FE7DF955" box="[350,401,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 36).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FF601C81FC32FE68" blockId="36.[130,777,630,2028]" lastBlockId="36.[811,1457,215,497]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF601C81FE55F975" author="NARUSE T. & CLARK P. F." box="[155,441,1682,1709]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="61 - 68" refId="ref58156" refString="NARUSE T. & CLARK P. F. 2009. - Establishment of a new genus for Asthenognathus gallardoi Serene & Soh, 1976 within Gaeticinae Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae). Zootaxa 1987: 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">Naruse & Clark (2009: 66</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2b) described the male gonopore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FF151CA0FE8FF915" authorityName="Naruse & Clark" authorityYear="2009" box="[238,355,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gopkittisak" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FF151CA0FE8FF915" box="[238,355,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gopkittisak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “appearing from distal end of thoracic sternite 8” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FF051CC0FE1BF935" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[254,503,1746,1772]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FEAF1CC1FE69F935" box="[340,389,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013: 144
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously accepted this interpretation): the suture that is figured between the gonopore and the P5 coxa does not denote the suture 7/8 but, instead, probably represents the complete sulcus above-mentioned; the visible sternite only corresponds to sternite 8 crossed by this sulcus (instead of sternites 7 and 8 as in the caption). Acording to Ng (2012: fig. 5B), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FE091D83FF56F812" authority="Stevcic, 2011" authorityName="Stevcic" authorityYear="2011" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brankocleistostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FE091D83FD5FF872" box="[498,691,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Brankocleistostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Števčić, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the very short sternites 1 and 2 are completely fused, being separated from the longitudinally narrow sternite 3 by a rim: we do not agree with this interpretation, the distinct suture supposedly separating sternites 3 and 4 actually should correspond to suture 2/3. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FB921B05FB0CFEE8" authorityName="Naruse & Clark" authorityYear="2009" box="[1129,1248,279,305]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Gopkittisak" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FB921B05FB0CFEE8" box="[1129,1248,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Gopkittisak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which anterior sternites are only slightly concave to accommodate setae of mxp3 palp,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FC481B45FBA4FEA8" author="KOMAI T." box="[947,1096,343,369]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="103 - 111" refId="ref56301" refString="KOMAI T. 2011. - A new species of the varunid crab genus Gopkittisak (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) from the Ryukyu Islands. Species Diversity 16: 103 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 16.103" type="journal article" year="2011">Komai (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2F) described that thoracic sternites 1-3 were fused, a transverse rim being the bordering of sternite 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FCB81BA4FA5CFE29" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCB81BA4FA5CFE29" blockId="36.[811,1457,215,497]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
The differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FBB21BA4FB57FE09" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[1097,1211,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">Gaeticinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FB0B1BA4FC99FE29" authority="n. fam" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAB2613FCD61BC5FC99FE29" box="[813,885,470,497]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. are so numerous that a comparison is not warranted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FCA51824FB8AFD65" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCA51824FA92FD89" blockId="36.[862,1406,566,593]" box="[862,1406,566,593]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Sufamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FC3F1825FA92FD89" authority="Sakai, Turkay & Yang, 2006" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[964,1406,566,593]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliceinae">
|
||
HELICEINAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FBB71824FA92FD89" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[1100,1406,566,593]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD6187DFB8AFD65" blockId="36.[811,1455,623,700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
INCLUDED GENERA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FBF3187DFB35FD5E" ID-CoL="7PJMX" authority="De Haan, 1833" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1032,1241,623,647]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FBF3187DFBADFD5E" box="[1032,1089,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
De Haan, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAB2613FB1F187DFAE2FD5E" box="[1252,1294,623,647]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FAA7187DFBD5FD7B" ID-CoL="7PJMW" authority="K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka, 1980" authorityName="K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helicana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FAA7187DFA43FD5E" box="[1372,1455,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Helicana</emphasis>
|
||
K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka, 1980
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FBBA189BFA47FD78" ID-CoL="7PQ39" authority="Sakai, Turkay & Yang, 2006" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[1089,1451,649,674]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Neohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FBBA189BFB75FD78" box="[1089,1177,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Neohelice</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FB66189BFA47FD78" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[1181,1451,649,674]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FCD018B6FB8EFD65" ID-CoL="7NYGM" authority="De Haan, 1833" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[811,1122,676,700]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FCD018B6FC53FD65" box="[811,959,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
De Haan, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FCD618E4FC7DFCD7" box="[813,913,758,784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD618E4FC7DFCD7" blockId="36.[811,1458,758,1071]" box="[813,913,758,784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FCD61907FB15FBF7" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD61907FB15FBF7" blockId="36.[811,1458,758,1071]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FCD61907FC4CFCF6" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[813,928,789,815]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliceinae">Heliceinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, replacement name for Helicinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FB061904FA5CFCF6" author="KOSSMANN R." box="[1277,1456,789,816]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref56469" refString="KOSSMANN R. 1877. - Malacostraca (I. Theil: Brachyura, 3), in KOSSMANN R. (ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer im Auftrage der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ausgefuhrten Reise in die Kustengebiete des Rothen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig: 1 - 66, pls 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1877">Kossmann, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FC461924FBB5FC96" box="[957,1113,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
), is here recognised. A diagnosis of the subfamily lacks since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FBB41944FADAFCA9" author="KOSSMANN R." box="[1103,1334,853,880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref56469" refString="KOSSMANN R. 1877. - Malacostraca (I. Theil: Brachyura, 3), in KOSSMANN R. (ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer im Auftrage der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ausgefuhrten Reise in die Kustengebiete des Rothen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig: 1 - 66, pls 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="1877">Kossmann (1877: 57)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the taxon only in a key, whereas
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FB731967FA8EFC56" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[1160,1378,885,911]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FB321964FB11FC56" box="[1225,1277,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006: 2
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 7) did not formally provide one in their study of the “
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FAD71987FC19FC16" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FAD71987FA87FC76" ID-CoL="7PJMX" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1324,1387,917,943]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Helice</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FA8D1987FC71FC16" ID-CoL="7NYGM" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmagnathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
”, only listing the characters shared by the two genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FC4D19C6FA90FC37" ID-CoL="7NS47" authority="Sakai, Turkay & Yang, 2006" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[950,1404,980,1007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Austrohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FC4D19C6FBD8FC37" box="[950,1076,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Austrohelice</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FBC619C6FA90FC37" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[1085,1404,980,1007]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FCD419E6FB1FFBD7" ID-CoL="7PWGJ" authority="Sakai, Turkay & Yang, 2006" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[815,1267,1012,1039]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Pseudohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FCD419E6FC43FBD7" box="[815,943,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Pseudohelice</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FC4319E6FB1FFBD7" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[952,1267,1012,1039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not included for now, waiting for further investigations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2613FCD61E47FAF5F8F5" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD61E47FC4EFBB4" blockId="36.[811,1457,1109,1836]" box="[813,930,1109,1135]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD61E66FAF5F8F5" blockId="36.[811,1457,1109,1836]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Carapace subquadrate, lateral margins varying from subparallel to strongly convergent, usually armed with two epibranchial teeth behind exorbital tooth. Front much narrower than half exorbital width; exorbital width not markedly exceeding carapace length. Orbit long, not closed laterally. Eyestalks not nearly as broad as front. Proepistome as wide triangular or pentagonal plate, its very narrow tip inserted under front (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FCCD1F46FC24FAB4" author="TAVARES M. D. S." box="[822,968,1363,1390]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" refId="ref63319" refString="TAVARES M. D. S. 1989. - Sistematica filogenetica dos Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards (Crustacea, Brachyura). Unpublished master thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 163 p." type="book" year="1989">Tavares 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 21, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FBB51F41FC89FA57" authority="Dana 1851" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FBB51F41FA87FAB4" box="[1102,1387,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Chasmagnathus granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FA881F46FC89FA57" author="DANA J. D." pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="247 - 254" refId="ref50710" refString="DANA J. D. 1851. - Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce. Crustacea Grapsoidea (Cyclometopa, Edwardsii). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (10): 247 - 254." type="journal article" year="1851">Dana 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FC531F61FB9FFA54" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[936,1139,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Neohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FC531F61FB9FFA54" box="[936,1139,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Neohelice granulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Stridulatory apparatus usually present (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FC081F81FBDAFA74" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1011,1078,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FC081F81FBDAFA74" box="[1011,1078,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FBB31F81FB46FA74" authorityName="K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka" authorityYear="1980" box="[1096,1194,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helicana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FBB31F81FB46FA74" box="[1096,1194,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Helicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FB401F81FA8AFA74" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1211,1382,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FB401F81FA8AFA74" box="[1211,1382,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): pars stridens formed by suborbital ridge composed of granules or tubercules, sexually dimorphic (ridge often heteromorphic in males), rubbed by prominent horny ridge on inner margin of cheliped merus; may be absent. Reticulation on pterygostomial regions poorly developed. Thoracic sternum wide; sternite 1 separated from sternite 2 by convex ridge; suture 2/3 straight; sternite 8 developed, exposed medially, not deeply notched by posterior emargination. Deep median line usually extending from sternite 8 to sternites 6 and even 5, but intermittently. Male gonopore in posteriormost location in relation to suture 7/8. G1 with suture of sperm channel usually torsioned towards dorsal face, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAB2613FB951D00FAFEF8F5" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1134,1298,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FB951D00FAFEF8F5" box="[1134,1298,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAB2612FCD61D40FCEBFCE9" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2613FCD61D40FC7DF8B3" blockId="36.[813,1455,1874,2028]" box="[813,913,1874,1900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAB2612FCD61D63FCEBFCE9" blockId="36.[813,1455,1874,2028]" lastBlockId="37.[130,777,215,1549]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">
|
||
The wide thoracic sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAB2613FBA71D63FB39F855" box="[1116,1237,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">Fig. 9G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) is typical in having a deep median line intermittently extending from sternite 8 to sternites 5 or at least 6, this corresponding to a variously developed and high median plate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAB2613FB401DC3FA8AF832" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[1211,1382,2001,2027]" pageId="36" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAB2613FB031DC0FAC4F832" box="[1272,1320,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="581">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1, 2, 14, 15, 23; note that on their fig. 1 “Mp” corresponds to the median line). The thoracic sternite 1 is triangular; suture 1/2 is strong, convex; sternite 3 is completely fused to sternite 4 as in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEB31B25FE2EFE88" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[328,450,311,337]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(on fig. 1 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FDB41B25FCECFE88" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[591,768,311,337]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD751B2AFD2EFE88" box="[654,706,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, “III” actually corresponds to sternite 2): both fused sternites 3 and 4 are separated from sternite 2 by a conspicuous suture (suture 2/3) as shown by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE261B85FD4EFE69" author="NG P. K. L. & NG P. Y. C." box="[477,674,406,433]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="89 - 112" refId="ref59494" refString="NG P. K. L. & NG P. Y. C. 2018. - The freshwater crabs of Danum Valley Conservation Area in Sabah, East Malaysia, with a description of a new species of Thelphusula Bott, 1969 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae, Potamidae, Sesarmidae). ZooKeys 760: 89 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 760.24787" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FDFC1B85FDD7FE69" box="[519,571,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018: 6
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1B); when pleon is folded, sternite 8 is exposed, widely (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FD451BA4FD12FE09" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[702,766,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD451BA4FD12FE09" box="[702,766,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or narrowly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEEF1BC4FE54FE29" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[276,440,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEEF1BC4FE54FE29" box="[276,440,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The male gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FD4F1BC4FD13FE29" box="[692,767,470,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
|
||
) emerges in middle of sternite 8, far from P5 coxa and from suture 7/8; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEDB1804FE8CFDE9" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[288,352,534,560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEDB1804FE8CFDE9" box="[288,352,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE6C1804FDCAFDE9" author="GUINOT D." box="[407,550,534,560]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 52I;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD681804FF50FD89" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD281805FCEBFDE9" box="[723,775,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1, 14),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEC51824FE77FD89" authorityName="K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka" authorityYear="1980" box="[318,411,566,592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helicana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEC51824FE77FD89" box="[318,411,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Helicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE521824FDBAFD89" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[425,598,566,592]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE1C1825FDF5FD89" box="[487,537,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 14, 35) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FF7F1844FF0AFDA9" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[132,230,598,624]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Neohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FF7F1844FF0AFDA9" box="[132,230,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Neohelice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF0E1844FE4FFDA9" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[245,419,598,624]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEC81845FE89FDA9" box="[307,357,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 92), a conspicuous complete sulcus joins the gonopore to the P5 coxo-sternal condyle; it is incomplete in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEDB1884FE28FD69" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[288,452,662,688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEDB1884FE28FD69" box="[288,452,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE001884FD5DFD69" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[507,689,662,688]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FDC61884FD9EFD69" box="[573,626,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7). The opercular cover of the vulva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FE0818A7FDDFFD16" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[499,563,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE0818A7FDDFFD16" box="[499,563,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FD9F18A7FCEAFD16" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[612,774,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Chasmagnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD9F18A7FCEAFD16" box="[612,774,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Chasmagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a correspondence between the direction and torsion of the G1 and the shape of the vaginal aperture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD6D18E7FF3BFCF6" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD2F18E4FCEBFCD6" box="[724,775,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 6
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FECA1907FDEAFCF6" author="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H." box="[305,518,789,815]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="114 - 125" refId="ref62378" refString="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H. 2008. - Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the endemic mudflat crab Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from East Asia. Zoological Studies 47 (1): 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="2008">Shih & Suzuki 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FDEA1907FD17FCE9" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[529,763,789,816]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD9F1904FD79FCF6" box="[612,661,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013: 36
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FF621927FE73FBF6" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF621927FE73FBF6" blockId="37.[130,777,215,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
The stridulatory apparatus (Guinot-Dumortier &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD571924FF0BFCB6" author="DUMORTIER D. & DUMORTIER B." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="117 - 155" refId="ref53564" refString="GUINOT- DUMORTIER D. & DUMORTIER B. 1960. - La stridulation chez les crabes. Crustaceana 1 (2): 117 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854060 X 00168" type="journal article" year="1960">Dumortier 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5b, f), well documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FDBC1947FD13FCB6" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[583,767,853,879]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD7D1944FD55FCB6" box="[646,697,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 3, 10c, 17, 38-40, 57, 58, 60-66, table 3), is present in most members of the subfamily; the species in which the plectrum lacks in both sexes do not stridulate.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD9619A7FF21FC36" author="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="114 - 125" refId="ref62378" refString="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H. 2008. - Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the endemic mudflat crab Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from East Asia. Zoological Studies 47 (1): 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="2008">Shih & Suzuki (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criticised the key morphological characters used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF7D19E6FEA4FBD6" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[134,328,1012,1039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FF3F19E7FF1BFBD7" box="[196,247,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and, in particular, their variations within species and between sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FF601E26FCE4FAB4" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF601E26FCE4FAB4" blockId="37.[130,777,215,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
The poorly known and probably paraphyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FD8D1E26FD1EFB97" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[630,754,1076,1102]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Pseudohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD8D1E26FD1EFB97" box="[630,754,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Pseudohelice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is for the moment not included in the subfamily because of its sternal features: median line and median septum only developed on sternite 7 and very small or absent on sternites 5 and 6 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF581EA6FEB9FB17" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[163,341,1204,1230]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FF181EA7FEFBFB17" box="[227,279,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2, 51); male gonopore indicated as close to sternal suture 7/8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE641EC6FDA6FB37" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[415,586,1236,1262]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE271EC6FDE2FB37" box="[476,526,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 50); G1 with or without torsion; absence of stridulatory plectrum, at least in some members.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FEA81F01FE22FAF4" authorityName="Sakai, Turkay & Yang" authorityYear="2006" box="[339,462,1299,1325]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Austrohelice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEA81F01FE22FAF4" box="[339,462,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Austrohelice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not included for the same reasons: median line and septum not developed; faint sulcus on sternite 8 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FEE01F41FE27FAB4" author="SAKAI K. & TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L." box="[283,459,1363,1389]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref61356" refString="SAKAI K., TURKAY M. & YANG S. - L. 2006. - Revision of the Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 565: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sakai
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEA11F46FE61FAB4" box="[346,397,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2, 86, 87); no plectrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FF601F61FDA2F955" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF601F61FD85F9D4" blockId="37.[130,777,215,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Genetic studies including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FE5C1F61FE0AFA54" ID-CoL="7PJMX" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[423,486,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE5C1F61FE0AFA54" box="[423,486,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Helice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allied genera are related to their intrarelationships (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE3D1F81FD4CFA74" author="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H." box="[454,672,1427,1453]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="114 - 125" refId="ref62378" refString="SHIH H. - T. & SUZUKI H. 2008. - Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the endemic mudflat crab Helice / Chasmagnathus complex (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from East Asia. Zoological Studies 47 (1): 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="2008">Shih & Suzuki 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD501F81FF50FA14" author="YIN W. & FU C. & GUO L. & HE Q. & LI J. & JIN B. & WU Q. & LI B." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="467 - 475" refId="ref65748" refString="YIN W., FU C., GUO L., HE Q., LI J., JIN B., WU Q. & LI B. 2009. - Species delimitation and historical biogeography in the genus Helice (Brachyura: Varunidae) in the Northwestern Pacific. Zoological Science 26: 467 - 475." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Yin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD2D1F86FCEBFA74" box="[726,775,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEFC1FA6FED5FA14" box="[263,313,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE781FA1FDACFA14" author="ITUARTE R. B. & D'ANATRO A. & LUPPI T. & RIBEIRO P. & SPIVAK E. D. & IRIBARN O. & LESSA E. P." box="[387,576,1459,1485]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1249 - 1260" refId="ref55231" refString="ITUARTE R. B., D'ANATRO A., LUPPI T., RIBEIRO P., SPIVAK E. D., IRIBARN O. & P. LESSA E. P. 2012. - Population structure of the SW Atlantic estuarine crab Neohelice granulata throughout its range: a genetic and morphometric study. Estuaries and Coasts 35: 1249 - 1260. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12237 - 012 - 9516 - 9" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Ituarte
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE2A1FA6FDEFFA14" box="[465,515,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FDB61FA1FD0DFA14" author="XU J. M. & YANG F. & SUN C. C." box="[589,737,1459,1485]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="3738 - 3750" refId="ref65410" refString="XU J. M., YANG F. & SUN C. C. 2012. - Population genetic structure and phylogeography of the mud-flat crabs Helice tientsinensis and Helice latimera along the coast of China seas based on mitochondrial DNA. African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (16): 3738 - 3750. https: // doi. org / 10.5897 / AJB 10.1643" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD891FA6FD48FA14" box="[626,676,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or interrelationships (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FEB41FC1FDF5FA34" author="KITAURA J. & WADA K. & NISHIDA M." box="[335,537,1491,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="682 - 693" refId="ref56077" refString="KITAURA J., WADA K. & NISHIDA M. 2002. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid and ocypodoid crabs with special reference to the genera Metaplax and Macrophthalmus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (3): 682 - 693. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990281" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kitaura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE5C1FC6FE36FA34" box="[423,474,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FDDD1FC1FCECFA34" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CANNICCI S. & VANNINI M. & FRATINI S." box="[550,768,1491,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="193 - 199" refId="ref62142" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CANNICCI S., VANNINI M. & FRATINI S. 2006. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) and allies based on two mitochondrial genes and a proposal for refraining from current superfamily classification. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44 (3): 193 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2006.00354. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD751FC6FD2EFA34" box="[654,706,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF7F1FE1FF0FF9D4" author="XU J. M." box="[132,227,1523,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="13 - 17" refId="ref65368" refString="XU J. M. 2010. - Molecular phylogeny of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene from China. Marine Sciences 34 (10): 13 - 17." type="journal article" year="2010">Xu 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF0A1FE1FE71F9D4" author="XIN Z. - Z. & LIU Y. & ZHANG D. - Z. & WANG Z. - F. & ZHANG H. - B. & TANG B. - P. & ZHOU C. - L. & CHAI X. - Y. & LIU Q. - N." box="[241,413,1523,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="307 - 314" refId="ref65085" refString="XIN Z. - Z., LIU Y., ZHANG D. - Z., WANG Z. - F., ZHANG H. - B., TANG B. - P., ZHOU C. - L., CHAI X. - Y. & LIU Q. - N. 2017 a. - Mitochondrial genome of Helice tientsinensis (Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Varunidae): Gene rearrangements and higher-level phylogeny of the Brachyura. Gene 627: 307 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gene. 2017.06.036" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Xin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FEDB1FE1FEBFF9D4" box="[288,339,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE511FE1FDB5F9D4" author="TANG B. - P. & LIU Y. & XIN Z. - Z. & ZHANG D. - Z. & WANG Z. - F. & ZHU X. - Y. & WANG Y. & ZHANG H. - B. & ZHOU C. - L. & CHAI X. - Y. & LIU Q. - N." box="[426,601,1523,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="221 - 230" refId="ref63204" refString="TANG B. - P., LIU Y., XIN Z. - Z., ZHANG D. - Z., WANG Z. - F., ZHU X. - Y., WANG Y., ZHANG H. - B., ZHOU C. - L., CHAI X. - Y. & LIU Q. - N. 2018. - Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of Helice wuana (Grapsoidea: Varunidae) and comparison with other Brachyuran crabs. Genomics 110: 221 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ygeno. 2017.10.001" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FE1C1FE1FDF6F9D4" box="[487,538,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FEE71C40FDA2F955" blockId="37.[284,623,1618,1677]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FE6B1C41FDA2F955" ID-CoL="847K8" authority="Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thalassograpsinae">
|
||
THALASSOGRAPSINAE Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE1D1C61FDA2F955" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[486,590,1650,1677]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FF7F1CBEFA95FD36" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF7F1CBEFE8AF8F4" blockId="37.[132,776,1707,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
INCLUDED GENERA. — The subfamily is monotypic, with its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFAA2612FD261CBEFCEBF91D" box="[733,775,1708,1732]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FF381CD4FE05F904" authority="Tweedie, 1950" authorityName="Tweedie" authorityYear="1950" box="[195,489,1733,1758]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Thalassograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FF381CD4FEBEF907" box="[195,338,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Thalassograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
Tweedie, 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FD391CD4FE0BF921" authority="(Hilgendorf, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Thalassograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD391CD4FECCF921" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Thalassograpsus harpax</emphasis>
|
||
(Hilgendorf, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that lives under coral stones or rocks in sheltered rocky shores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FE131CE9FDB2F8CA" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[488,606,1787,1811]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" refId="ref50907" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. 2002. - Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda Anomura, Brachyura, in WELLS A. & HOUSTON W. W. K. (eds), Zological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 p." type="book" year="2002">Davie 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FD961CE9FF5BF8F4" author="BOUCHARD J. - M. & POUPIN J. & CLEVA R. & DUMAS J. & DINHUT V." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref48888" refString="BOUCHARD J. - M., POUPIN J., CLEVA R., DUMAS J. & DINHUT V. 2013. - Land, mangrove and freshwater decapod crustaceans of Mayotte region (Crustacea Decapoda). Atoll Research Bulletin 592: 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.592" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bouchard
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FD2D1CE9FCE4F8CA" box="[726,776,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FF3F1D07FEB4F8F4" author="NADERLOO R." box="[196,344,1813,1837]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" refId="ref58042" refString="NADERLOO R. 2017. - Atlas of Crabs of the Persian Gulf. Springer, Switzerland: xi + 444 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 49374 - 9" type="book" year="2017">Naderloo 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF7F1D40FF04F8B3" blockId="37.[130,775,1874,2027]" box="[132,232,1874,1900]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FF7F1D63FA95FD36" blockId="37.[130,775,1874,2027]" lastBlockId="37.[810,1457,215,1230]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FED81D60FE7EF855" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[291,402,1905,1932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have listed the unique apomorphies of the subfamily, e.g. frontal margin with short distinct lateral sulcus just posterior to lateral frontal margin, and separated from inner orbital margin (in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FE001DC3FD85F832" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[507,617,2001,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
frontal margin continuous with orbital margin); mxp3 not gaping when closed (more or less gaping in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBDF1AE5FB7AFEC8" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1060,1174,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB5A1AE5FAA8FEC8" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1185,1348,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclograpsinae">Cyclograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FA821AE5FC9BFEEB" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">Gaeticinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mxp3 merus and ischium lacking visible longitudinal sulcus (distinctly visible in other varunine subfamilies); male pleon with segments 5 et 6 functionally fused, but sutures visible. The assertion of Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FB2D1B65FA6CFE4B" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1238,1408,375,402]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng (2007: 262)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that the medial groove is proportionately wide on sternites 8 and 7 (other subfamilies with narrower medial groove in sternite 8) in our opinion corresponds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB851BC4FAF1FE29" authorityName="Tweedie" authorityYear="1950" box="[1150,1309,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Thalassograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FB851BC4FAF1FE29" box="[1150,1309,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Thalassograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the much more developed sternite 8 (thus more dorsally visible than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FCD61804FC41FDE9" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[813,941,534,560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FCD61804FC41FDE9" box="[813,941,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and to a suture 7/8 as long as preceding sutures and reaching the bottom of the sterno-pleonal cavity, thus much more longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBA11844FB36FDA9" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[1114,1242,598,624]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FBA11844FB36FDA9" box="[1114,1242,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We agree with the first part of the sentence of Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FAF81864FA43FD48" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1283,1455,630,657]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng (2007: 258)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“suture of thoracic sternite 3/4 not visible” but not with the second term of the alternative, “slightly visible in all other subfamilies”: the suture 3/4 lacks, as in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB0318C7FA99FD36" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1272,1397,725,751]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FCB818E7FAD0FA34" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FCB818E7FAA6FB17" blockId="37.[810,1457,215,1230]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Other characters of the subfamily are: sternites 1 and 2 fused (no suture 1/2), sternite 1 narrow and distinctly tapering at tip; suture 2/3 present but thin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FB331927FAE9FC96" box="[1224,1285,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
J-K); suture 3/4 absent; sutures 4/5-7/8 interrupted; sternite 8 developed; median line visible on long portion of sternite 8 and extending on sternite 7 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FC3D1987FBD0FC76" box="[966,1084,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Fig. 9K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
); episternites 5 and 6 very narrow and long; male gonopore in middle of sternite 8, far from suture 7/8 and from P5 coxa, a large part of sternite 8 being intercalated between gonopore and P5 coxo-sternal condyle; proepistome not forming developed structure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FAB91E06FC4DFB97" author="BOUCHARD J. - M. & POUPIN J. & CLEVA R. & DUMAS J. & DINHUT V." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref48888" refString="BOUCHARD J. - M., POUPIN J., CLEVA R., DUMAS J. & DINHUT V. 2013. - Land, mangrove and freshwater decapod crustaceans of Mayotte region (Crustacea Decapoda). Atoll Research Bulletin 592: 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.592" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bouchard
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FCD61E27FC8EFB97" box="[813,866,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 26B, D); stridulatory apparatus: suborbital crest separated in at least three portions (pars stridens) rubbing against marked thickening (plectrum) on inner edge of cheliped merus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FBFD1E86FB67FB77" box="[1030,1163,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[813,824,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[844,1426,214,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-687@38.[842,1428,758,1312]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 11. — Stridulatory apparatus:A, Discoplax longipes A.Milne-Edwards,1867, ♀ 32.6× 37 mm, Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Inegoj Cave, MNHN-IU-2008-11402 (= MNHN-B24815): plectrum as a ridge on cheliped merus (see arrow); B, C, Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf, 1892), ♂ 5.3× 5.7 mm, Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; B, pars stridens consisting of elongated tubercles on suborbital ridge (see arrows);C, plectrum as a thickening (see arrow) on inner edge of cheliped merus. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336902/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FB5F1E86FAD3FB76" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[1188,1343,1172,1199]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="118 - 128" refId="ref64355" refString="TWEEDIE M. W. F. 1954. - Notes on grapsoid crabs from the Raffles Museum, nos. 3, 4 and 5. Bulletin of Raffles Museum 25: 118 - 128." type="journal article" year="1954">Tweedie 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FC8A1EA6FC3FFB17" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[881,979,1204,1230]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); press-button mechanism typical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FCD61EE7FAD0FA34" blockId="37.[811,1455,1268,1517]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
COMPARISON WITH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBFF1EE6FAC7FAD5" authority="N. FAM" authorityName="N. FAM" box="[1028,1323,1268,1294]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">LEPTOGRAPSODIDAE N. FAM</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FCD61F01FBD1FAF4" authority="n. fam" box="[813,1085,1299,1326]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAA2612FC081F06FBD1FAF4" box="[1011,1085,1299,1326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB3D1F01FA6AFAF4" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[1222,1414,1299,1325]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thalassograpsinae">Thalassograpsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of a stridulatory apparatus, however different. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FCD51F41FC28FAB4" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[814,964,1363,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FCD51F41FC28FAB4" box="[814,964,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suborbital crest is composed of homomorphic granules and the plectrum is a delimited ridge on P1 merus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FCCF1F81FC64FA74" box="[820,904,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FC681F81FC34FA77" box="[915,984,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">2C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FC1A1F81FBEAFA74" box="[993,1030,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[289,1368,217,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[169,1432,150,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); B, genital area with male gonopore and penis; C, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; D, front and orbit. Abbreviations: b, bridge; b.p., press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1-5, P1-P5 coxae; e.p., exposed proximal portion of penis; e.t., extraorbital tooth; e4-e7, episternites 4-7; i.b., suborbital border; i.s., incomplete sulcus; i.t., suborbital tooth; m.l., median line; mxp3; third maxilliped; P1, P2, P3, pleonal somites 1-3; p, penis; p.e., posterior emargination; p.p., proximal portion of penis; p.r., pleonal rim; s.c., stridulating crest; s.p., sterno-pleonal cavity; 1-8, thoracic sternites 1-8; 1/2-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBC81F81FAF6FA74" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1075,1306,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Thalassograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FBC81F81FAF6FA74" box="[1075,1306,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Thalassograpsus harpax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the suborbital crest consists of heteromorphic tubercles and the plectrum is only a thickening on P1 merus, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFAA2612FB561FC1FAC2FA34" box="[1197,1326,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[813,824,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[844,1426,214,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-687@38.[842,1428,758,1312]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 11. — Stridulatory apparatus:A, Discoplax longipes A.Milne-Edwards,1867, ♀ 32.6× 37 mm, Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Inegoj Cave, MNHN-IU-2008-11402 (= MNHN-B24815): plectrum as a ridge on cheliped merus (see arrow); B, C, Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf, 1892), ♂ 5.3× 5.7 mm, Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; B, pars stridens consisting of elongated tubercles on suborbital ridge (see arrows);C, plectrum as a thickening (see arrow) on inner edge of cheliped merus. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336902/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">Fig. 11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2612FC911C20FAD5F961" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FC911C20FA9EF994" blockId="37.[874,1394,1586,1613]" box="[874,1394,1586,1613]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FC251C21FA9EF994" ID-CoL="847KX" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[990,1394,1586,1613]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">
|
||
VARUNINAE H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FB7C1C20FA9EF994" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[1159,1394,1586,1613]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated " Melanges Carcinologiques ": 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FCD61C7EFAD5F961" blockId="37.[813,1455,1643,1720]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
INCLUDED GENERA. —The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBC11C79FB72F95A" ID-CoL="847KX" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1082,1182,1643,1667]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes a large number of genera. Main features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBED1C94FB95F947" ID-CoL="847KX" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1046,1145,1670,1694]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are provided by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FAB71C94FCAAF961" author="NG N. K." pageId="37" pageNumber="582" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng (2006: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and table 1, 2007) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFAA2612FBC91CB2FADAF961" author="DAVIE P. J. F. & GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1074,1334,1696,1720]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref51427" refString="DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D. & NG P. K. L. 2015 c. - Systematics and classification of Brachyura (Chapter 71 - 18), in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., GUINOT D., SCHRAM F. R. & VON VAUPEL KLEIN J. C. (eds), Decapoda: Brachyura, Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. Vol. 9 C- 2, Crustacea. Brill, Leiden and Boston: 1049 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="2015">
|
||
Davie
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFAA2612FB8A1CB3FB4CF961" box="[1137,1184,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015c: 1119)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFAA2611FCD61CE1FE71FE4B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2612FCD61CE1FAC7F8D3" blockId="37.[811,1457,1778,2028]" box="[813,1323,1778,1805]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
COMPARISON WITH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FBFF1CE0FAC7F8D3" authority="N. FAM" box="[1028,1323,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">LEPTOGRAPSODIDAE N. FAM</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFAA2611FCD61D00FE71FE4B" blockId="37.[811,1457,1778,2028]" lastBlockId="38.[130,777,215,1645]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="37" pageNumber="582">
|
||
The traditional characters that may be used to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FCD51D23FBD4F892" authority="n. fam" box="[814,1080,1841,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAA2612FC0A1D20FBD4F892" box="[1009,1080,1841,1868]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB811D23FB04F892" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1146,1256,1841,1867]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be, e.g. carapace rounded, with very convex margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FB091D43FC99F852" authority="n. fam" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFAA2612FCD01D60FC99F852" box="[811,885,1905,1932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFAA2612FC5E1D63FBF8F852" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[933,1044,1905,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
varying from quadrate to quadrangular, lateral margins varying from subparallel to moderately convex); front about half width of carapace (vs less than half maximum carapace width); two pairs of postfrontal lobes (vs without four postfrontal lobes); pterygostome, subbranchial, subhepatic regions setose (vs glabrous); suborbital crest stridulatory (vs not stridulatory); mxp3 largely gaping when closed, with antero-external angle of merus not produced, (vs small, rhomboidal gape; antero-external angle of merus strongly produced and auriculate).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA92611FF601B85FD69FB56" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92611FF601B85FD69FB56" blockId="38.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">
|
||
For the sternal and male genital features, we will focus our comparison to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFA92611FEB81BA5FE9CFE08" box="[323,368,439,465]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE4E1BA5FCEBFE08" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1830" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[437,775,438,465]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE4E1BA5FDECFE09" box="[437,512,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
H. Milne Edwards, 1830
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFA92611FF301BC5FF14FE28" box="[203,248,471,497]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FEB21BC5FE5EFE29" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[329,434,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FEB21BC5FE5EFE29" box="[329,434,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">V. litterata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In all examined varunines: male gonopore far from P5 coxa and from suture 7/8, but distance between the genital orifice and suture 7/8 varying among genera. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FF371825FEDAFD89" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[204,310,566,592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF371825FEDAFD89" box="[204,310,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">V. litterata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thoracic sternum characterised by: sternite 1 triangular; sternites 1 + 2 separated from sternite 3 by suture; sternite 4 weakly restricted at level of chelipeds; episternites 4-6 elongated and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA92611FE811884FE1BFD69" box="[378,503,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Fig. 9M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
); episternite 7 practically joining P5 coxo-sternal condyle; sternite 8 developed medially, not deeply notched by narrow posterior emargination, and largely exposed when pleon is folded; conspicuous rim on sterno-pleonal cavity at level of telson; marked, deep, long median line on sternites 8, 7 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA92611FDBE1927FD2CFC96" box="[581,704,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Fig. 9N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
); typical press-button and persistent throughout the life in males, with socket slightly remote from pleonal margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD611967FEC0FC76" author="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="613 - 694" refId="ref53418" refString="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M. 1998. - Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20 (4): 613 - 694." type="journal article" year="1998">Guinot & Bouchard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 23A). Male gonopore, located far from P5 coxa, opening on vertical slope of sterno-pleonal cavity; P5 coxo-sternal condyle prolonged by incomplete sulcus. Penis, directed obliquely, showing calcified basal portion and well-developed, foliaceous papilla that may clearly invaginate inside gonopore, with calcified portion acting as operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA92611FF771E46FF0EFBB7" box="[140,226,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,216,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-159@32.[389,946,710,1257]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Varunidae: A-C, Cyclograpsinae: Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, ♂ 24.9× 30.8.0 mm, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, MNHN-IU-2013-14994 (=MNHN-B12561); D-F, Gaeticinae: Gaetice depressus (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 15.7 × 18.0 mm, China, Amoy,MNHN-IU-2013-14990 (= MNHN-B12089); G-I, Heliceinae Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006: Helice tridens (De Haan, 1835), ♂ 28.7 ×34.2 mm, Japan, MNHN- IU-2016-10762 (=MNHN-B12098);J-L,Thalassograpsinae:Thalassograpsus harpax (Hilgendorf,1892),♂ 8.1× 9.3 mm,Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120; M-O, Varuninae: Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), ♂ 49.5 ×57.0 mm, Madagascar, MNHN-IU-2013-14987. Scale bars: A-K, M-O, 10 mm; L, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336894/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Fig. 9O</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FF071E46FE67FBB7" author="GUINOT D." box="[252,395,1108,1134]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 52H, pI. 20, fig. 5; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD1F1E47FF1AFB57" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF7F1E67FF54FB57" box="[132,184,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4E;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FEA11E66FDCEFB57" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[346,546,1140,1166]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE4B1E67FE0FFB57" box="[432,483,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 36).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA92611FF601E86FE64FAB4" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92611FF601E86FE64FAB4" blockId="38.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">
|
||
For the genital disposition of species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FDC01E86FD63FB77" box="[571,655,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Eriochei</emphasis>
|
||
r De Haan, 1835 and allies, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FEA61EA6FE1CFB17" author="BOUVIER E. - L." box="[349,496,1204,1230]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" refId="ref48949" refString="BOUVIER E. - L. 1940. - Decapodes marcheurs, in Faune de France, 37. Paris, Lechevalier, 404 p." type="book" year="1940">Bouvier 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 186B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD891EA6FCECFB17" author="GUINOT D." box="[626,768,1204,1230]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 53F;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FF1F1EC6FE10FB37" author="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M." box="[228,508,1236,1262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="613 - 694" refId="ref53418" refString="GUINOT D. & BOUCHARD J. - M. 1998. - Evolution of the abdominal holding systems of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 20 (4): 613 - 694." type="journal article" year="1998">Guinot & Bouchard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 23B; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD561EC6FF50FAD7" author="NG N. K. & GUO J. & NG P. K. L." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="154 - 170" refId="ref58515" refString="NG N. K., GUO J. & NG P. K. L. 1999. - Generic affinities of Eriocheir leptognathus and E. formosa with description of a new genus (Brachyura: Grapsidae: Varuninae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 19 (1): 154 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1549557" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD2E1EC6FCEBFB37" box="[725,775,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2Ci, 2Cii, 4A. In fresh material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FD811EE1FF38FAF7" ID-CoL="4JR43" baseAuthorityName="Chan, Hung & Yu" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Platyeriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD811EE1FF38FAF7" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Platyeriocheir formosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is evidence of an invagination of the penis, at least of the papilla, the calcified basal portion of the penis acting as an operculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA92611FF601F61FCEBF9B5" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92611FF601F61FCEBF9B5" blockId="38.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">
|
||
The median line extends along sternites 8-
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B41FFA92611FDAD1F61FD6DFA54" box="[598,641,1395,1421]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FD7D1F61FE2BFA74" authority="(Rathbun, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Neoeriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD7D1F61FEE8FA74" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Neoeriocheir leptognathus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rathbun, 1913)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as shown by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD5C1F86FF29FA14" author="NG N. K. & GUO J. & NG P. K. L." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="154 - 170" refId="ref58515" refString="NG N. K., GUO J. & NG P. K. L. 1999. - Generic affinities of Eriocheir leptognathus and E. formosa with description of a new genus (Brachyura: Grapsidae: Varuninae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 19 (1): 154 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1549557" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD291F86FCEBFA74" box="[722,775,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2Ci), likewise in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE4C1FA6FDE9FA14" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[439,517,1460,1485]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE4C1FA6FDE9FA14" box="[439,517,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only on sternites 8 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B41FFA92611FF4A1FC1FF36FA34" box="[177,218,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FF241FC1FE67FA34" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[223,395,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF241FC1FE67FA34" box="[223,395,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Eriocheir sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE461FC1FD77FA34" baseAuthorityName="Chan, Hung & Yu" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[445,667,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Platyeriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE461FC1FD77FA34" box="[445,667,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Platyeriocheir formosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FF7F1FE1FECFF9D4" author="NG N. K. & GUO J. & NG P. K. L." box="[132,291,1523,1549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="154 - 170" refId="ref58515" refString="NG N. K., GUO J. & NG P. K. L. 1999. - Generic affinities of Eriocheir leptognathus and E. formosa with description of a new genus (Brachyura: Grapsidae: Varuninae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 19 (1): 154 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1549557" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF571FE1FF32F9D4" box="[172,222,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 2Cii, 4A, respectively). Such divergences are not necessarily valid indices to assess generic or even subfamilial status, but a new morphological examination is needed. For other genera, see data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FDF21C40FCEFF9B5" author="GUINOT D. & TAVARES M. & CASTRO P." box="[521,771,1618,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1 - 414" refId="ref53507" refString="GUINOT D., TAVARES M. & CASTRO P. 2013. - Significance of sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zootaxa 3665 (1): 1 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guinot
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FDA71C41FD62F9B5" box="[604,654,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013: 143
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA92610FF7F1C81FF1FFD89" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92611FF7F1C81FE82F972" blockId="38.[132,775,1683,2028]" box="[132,366,1683,1709]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">MOLECULAR ANALYSIS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92610FF7F1CA0FF1FFD89" blockId="38.[132,775,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="39.[130,777,215,592]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="584" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">
|
||
The complete mitochondrial genome is known for some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FF091CC1FE18F935" authority="(Lin et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[242,500,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF091CC1FEACF935" box="[242,320,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FEAB1CC0FE07F935" author="LIN F. & XIE Z. & FAZHAN H. & BAYLON J. C. & YANG X. & TAN H. & GUAN M. & SHI X. & IKHWANUDDIN M. & MA H." box="[336,491,1746,1772]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="263 - 264" refId="ref56981" refString="LIN F., XIE Z., FAZHAN H., BAYLON J. C., YANG X., TAN H., GUAN M., SHI X., IKHWANUDDIN M. & MA H. 2018. - The complete mitochondrial genome of Varuna yui (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae) and its phylogeny. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (1): 263 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1443043" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE811CC1FE41F935" box="[378,429,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FDD11CC0FD64F935" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[554,648,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FDD11CC0FD64F935" box="[554,648,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Eriocheir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD6C1CC0FF50F8D5" author="TANG B. P. & ZHOU K. Y. & SONG D. Y. & YANG G. & DAI A. Y." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="309 - 316" refId="ref63027" refString="TANG B. P., ZHOU K. Y., SONG D. Y., YANG G. & DAI A. Y. 2003. - Molecular systematics of the Asian mitten crabs, genus Eriocheir (Crustacea: Brachyura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29: 309 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00112 - X" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD2F1CC1FCEBF935" box="[724,775,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FF301CE0FE86F8D4" author="LIU Q. - N. & ZHANG H. - B. & JIANG S. - H. & XUAN F. - J. & LI C. - F. & ZHANG D. - Z. & ZHOU C. - L. & TANG B. - P." box="[203,362,1778,1805]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="241 - 248" refId="ref57200" refString="LIU Q. - N., ZHANG H. - B., JIANG S. - H., XUAN F. - J., LI C. - F., ZHANG D. - Z., ZHOU C. - L. & TANG B. - P. 2015. - The complete mitochondrial genome of Eriocheir japonica sinensis (Decapoda: Varunidae) and its phylogenetic analysis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 62: 241 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2015.09.008" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF0C1CE1FEC7F8D5" box="[247,299,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FE831CE0FDE5F8D5" author="LI G. & ZHENG Y. & MAO X. & XU Y. & CHEN X. & YANG S." box="[376,521,1778,1804]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="4039 - 4040" refId="ref56920" refString="LI G., ZHENG Y., MAO X., XU Y., CHEN X. & YANG S. 2016. - Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriocheir sinensis. Mitochondrial DNA Part A 27 (6): 4039 - 4040. https: // doi. org / 10.3109 / 19401736.2014.1003833" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE6D1CE1FE26F8D5" box="[406,458,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FDEC1CE0FD3CF8D5" author="WANG J. & HUANG L. & CHENG Q. & LU G. & WANG C. H." box="[535,720,1778,1804]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1175 - 1176" refId="ref64469" refString="WANG J., HUANG L., CHENG Q., LU G. & WANG C. H. 2016. - Complete mitochondrial genomes of three mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, E. Hepuensis, and E. Japonica. Mitochondrial DNA 27 (2): 1175 - 1176. https: // doi. org / 10.3109 / 19401736.2014.936425" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FDA51CE1FD7EF8D5" box="[606,658,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD241CE0FEE4F8F5" author="XIN Z. - Z. & LIU Y. & ZHANG D. - Z. & CHAI X. - Y. & WANG Z. - F. & ZHANG H. - B. & ZHOU C. - L. & TANG B. - P. & LIU Q. - N." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="4128" refId="ref65191" refString="XIN Z. - Z., LIU Y., ZHANG D. - Z., CHAI X. - Y., WANG Z. - F., ZHANG H. - B., ZHOU C. - L., TANG B. - P. & LIU Q. - N. 2017 b. - Complete mitochondrial genome of Clistocoeloma sinensis (Brachyura: Grapsoidea): gene raarrangements and higher-level phylogeny of the Brachyura. Scientific Reports 7: 4128. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 04489 - 9" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Xin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF7F1D00FF56F8F5" box="[132,186,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Assignation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE3E1D00FDCFF8F5" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[453,547,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE3E1D00FDCFF8F5" box="[453,547,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Eriocheir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FD8E1D00FD08F8F5" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[629,740,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FF7D1D23FEE5F895" author="BALSS H." box="[134,265,1841,1868]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1505 - 1672" refId="ref48220" refString="BALSS H. 1957. - Decapoda. VIII. Systematik, in DR BRONN H. G. (ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Funfter Band, 1. Abteilung, 7. Buch, 12. Lieferung. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Geest & Portig K. - G., Leipzig: 1505 - 1672." type="book chapter" year="1957">Balss (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FEC71D23FE36F895" author="GUINOT D." box="[316,474,1841,1868]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FDFB1D23FF30F8B5" authority="Schubart et al. (2000 b)" authorityName="Schubart" authorityYear="2000" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Varunidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FD8B1D23FF30F8B5" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L." pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref61904" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A., DIESEL R. & FELDER D. L. 2000 b. - Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of non-marine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brach- yura). Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 15 (2): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0754" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FD2D1D20FCEBF892" box="[726,775,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a molecular study, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA92611FDEE1D43FD48F8B5" author="CLARK P. F." box="[533,676,1873,1900]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" pagination="17 - 27" refId="ref49891" refString="CLARK P. F. 2006. - Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards: 1853 or 1854 - Grapsidae or Varunidae? Aquatic Invasions 1 (1): 17 - 27." type="journal article" year="2006">Clark (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 13 mitochondrial proteincoding genes showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE611D83FDA5F872" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[410,585,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE611D83FDA5F872" box="[410,585,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Eriocheir sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FDAD1D80FF52F812" authority="Dai, 1991" authorityName="Dai" authorityYear="1991" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FDAD1D80FD3EF872" box="[598,722,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">E. hepuensis</emphasis>
|
||
Dai, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FF311DA0FED3F812" baseAuthorityName="De Haan" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[202,319,1970,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FF311DA0FED3F812" box="[202,319,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">E. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FE871DA3FD4CF812" authority="Parisi, 1918" authorityName="Parisi" authorityYear="1918" box="[380,672,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Helice" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latimera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FE871DA3FDF5F812" box="[380,537,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Helice latimera</emphasis>
|
||
Parisi, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered together with high statistical support, these species having a sister-group relationship (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE5B1AC5FDB9FF28" author="XIN Z. - Z. & LIU Y. & ZHANG D. - Z. & CHAI X. - Y. & WANG Z. - F. & ZHANG H. - B. & ZHOU C. - L. & TANG B. - P. & LIU Q. - N." box="[416,597,215,241]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="4128" refId="ref65191" refString="XIN Z. - Z., LIU Y., ZHANG D. - Z., CHAI X. - Y., WANG Z. - F., ZHANG H. - B., ZHOU C. - L., TANG B. - P. & LIU Q. - N. 2017 b. - Complete mitochondrial genome of Clistocoeloma sinensis (Brachyura: Grapsoidea): gene raarrangements and higher-level phylogeny of the Brachyura. Scientific Reports 7: 4128. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 04489 - 9" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Xin
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE2A1ACAFDEBFF28" box="[465,519,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FD791AC5FEF4FEC8" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="japonica" subSpecies="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FD791AC5FEF4FEC8" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Eriocheir japonica sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEDE1AEAFE11FEC8" box="[293,509,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="japonica" subSpecies="hepuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FEDE1AEAFE11FEC8" box="[293,509,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">E. japonica hepuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FDCB1AEAFD13FEC8" authority="japonica" box="[560,767,248,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="japonica" subSpecies="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDCB1AEAFD13FEC8" box="[560,767,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">E. japonica japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively). The molecular data of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE041B05FD47FEE8" author="CHU K. H. & HO H. Y. & LI C. P. & CHAN T. - Y." box="[511,683,279,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="738 - 746" refId="ref49631" refString="CHU K. H., HO H. Y., LI C. P. & CHAN T. - Y. 2003. - Molecular phylogenetics of the mitten crab species in Eriocheir sensu lato (Brachyura: Grapsidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 738 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2347" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Chu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDCF1B0AFD8AFEE8" box="[564,614,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 2) had previouly shown substantial divergences between species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FF581B45FE9EFEA8" box="[163,370,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FF581B45FEADFEA8" box="[163,321,343,369]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Eriocheir
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFA82610FEF71B4AFEADFEA8" box="[268,321,344,369]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lato
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE561B4AFDB5FEA8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[429,601,343,369]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE561B4AFDB5FEA8" box="[429,601,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Varuna litterata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and led to the conclusion that the five “mitten crab” species, always clustering together, constituted a monophyletic group genetically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEE31BA5FE69FE09" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[280,389,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FEE31BA5FE69FE09" box="[280,389,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">V. litterata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The unstable state of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FD611BA4FCE5FE09" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[666,777,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted as including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE8E1BC4FE3FFE29" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[373,467,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Eriocheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE8E1BC4FE3FFE29" box="[373,467,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Eriocheir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FDF71BC5FDB6FE29" box="[524,602,471,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDF71BC5FDB6FE29" box="[524,602,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Varuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was confirmed. A new reappraisal based on reliable morphological characters will probably lead to some changes in the systematics of the subfamily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF45662CFFA92611FCD61D5DFAACF830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336902/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" startId="38.[813,824,1871,1889]" targetBox="[844,1426,214,1824]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA92611FCD61D5DFAACF830" blockId="38.[811,1457,1871,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">
|
||
FIG. 11. — Stridulatory apparatus:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FBC61D5DFBA5F8B8" bold="true" box="[1085,1097,1871,1889]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FBA91D5DFA41F8B8" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1867" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[1106,1453,1871,1889]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Discoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FBA91D5DFB04F8B8" box="[1106,1256,1871,1889]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Discoplax longipes</emphasis>
|
||
A.Milne-Edwards,1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀ 32.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FC9C1D77FC9EF8AE" box="[871,882,1893,1911]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">×</emphasis>
|
||
37 mm, Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Inegoj Cave, MNHN-IU-2008-11402 (= MNHN-B24815): plectrum as a ridge on cheliped merus (see arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FCD61D81FCD6F87C" bold="true" box="[813,826,1939,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FCBD1D81FCB8F87C" bold="true" box="[838,852,1939,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA92611FCA41D81FB26F87C" authority="(Hilgendorf, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[863,1226,1939,1957]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Thalassograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FCA41D81FBC6F87C" box="[863,1066,1939,1957]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">Thalassograpsus harpax</emphasis>
|
||
(Hilgendorf, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂ 5.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FAFF1D81FAE3F87C" box="[1284,1295,1939,1957]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">×</emphasis>
|
||
5.7 mm, Scattered Islands,MNHN-IU-2013-16120;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FBCC1DBBFBA8F862" bold="true" box="[1079,1092,1961,1979]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">B</emphasis>
|
||
, pars stridens consisting of elongated tubercles on suborbital ridge (see arrows);
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA92611FBA11DD2FB84F80B" bold="true" box="[1114,1128,1984,2002]" pageId="38" pageNumber="583">C</emphasis>
|
||
, plectrum as a thickening (see arrow) on inner edge of cheliped merus. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FEBE1884FD21FCDE" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FEBE1884FD77FD09" blockId="39.[241,667,662,720]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE6D1884FD77FD09" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authority="N. K Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng, 2007" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
XENOGRAPSIDAE N. K
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FED518A4FD77FD09" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[302,667,693,720]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF7F18FDFD21FCDE" blockId="39.[132,717,750,775]" box="[132,717,750,775]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
INCLUDED GENERA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE9318FDFD25FCDE" ID-CoL="7Q6QQ" authority="Takeda & Kurata, 1977" authorityName="Takeda & Kurata" authorityYear="1977" box="[360,713,750,775]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE9318FDFE34FCDF" box="[360,472,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE2618FCFD25FCDE" author="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y." box="[477,713,750,775]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="91 - 111" refId="ref62906" refString="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y. 1977. - Crabs of the Ogasawara Islands, IV. A collection made at the new volcanic Island, Nishinoshima-shinto, in 1975. Bulletin of the National Science Museum A, 3 (2): 91 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Takeda & Kurata, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FF7F1924FD02F9B5" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF7F1924FF04FC97" blockId="39.[129,777,822,1645]" box="[132,232,822,848]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF7F1947FD42FA97" blockId="39.[129,777,822,1645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
The unusual genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE9B1944FCEEFCA9" authority="(Takeda & Kurata 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Takeda & Kurata" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[352,770,853,880]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE9B1944FE33FCB6" box="[352,479,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE0A1947FD1AFCB6" author="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y." box="[497,758,853,880]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="91 - 111" refId="ref62906" refString="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y. 1977. - Crabs of the Ogasawara Islands, IV. A collection made at the new volcanic Island, Nishinoshima-shinto, in 1975. Bulletin of the National Science Museum A, 3 (2): 91 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Takeda & Kurata 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE651967FDFCFC56" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[414,528,885,911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shares some morphological characters with other grapsoid families, but evidence from adult and larval morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FDEE19A7FD3DFC16" author="JENG M. - S. & CLARK P. F. & NG P. K. L." box="[533,721,949,975]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="188 - 212" refId="ref55528" refString="JENG M. - S., CLARK P. F. & NG P. K. L. 2004 a. - The first zoea, megalopa, and first crab stage of the hydrothermal vent crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) and systematic implications for the Varunidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology 24 (1): 188 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2359" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Jeng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDB519A7FD68FC16" box="[590,644,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has shown that it should be regarded as belonging to a separate family. Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FED819E6FE28FBD7" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[291,452,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, established by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FD5719E7FF23FBF6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FD2E19E7FCEBFBD7" box="[725,775,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only includes three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE571E07FDC4FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Takeda & Kurata" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[428,552,1045,1070]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE571E07FDC4FBF7" box="[428,552,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species all associated with shallow hydrothermal vents:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE101E27FEFCFBB7" authority="Takeda & Kurata, 1977" authorityName="Takeda & Kurata" authorityYear="1977" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaeinsularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE101E27FD75FB97" box="[491,665,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">X. novaeinsularis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FD661E26FEFCFBB7" author="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y." pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="91 - 111" refId="ref62906" refString="TAKEDA M. & KURATA Y. 1977. - Crabs of the Ogasawara Islands, IV. A collection made at the new volcanic Island, Nishinoshima-shinto, in 1975. Bulletin of the National Science Museum A, 3 (2): 91 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Takeda & Kurata, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818806FFA82610FEE51E46FEA2FBB7" box="[286,334,1108,1134]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species) from the Ogasawara Islands and the Marianas Arc;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEAA1E67FCEAFB57" authority="Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[337,774,1140,1167]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FEAA1E67FE01FB57" box="[337,493,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">X. testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE0E1E67FCEAFB57" author="NG N. K. & HUANG J. - F. & HO P. - H." box="[501,774,1140,1167]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref58581" refString="NG N. K., HUANG J. - F. & HO P. - H. 2000. - Description of a new species of hydrothermal crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae in HWANG J. - S., WANG J. & CHAN T. (eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Marine Biology in Taiwan - Crustacean and Zooplankton Taxonomy, Ecology and Living Resources, 26 - 27 May, 1998, Taiwan. National Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series, No. 10. National Taiwan Museum, Taipei, Taiwan: 191 - 199, figs 1 - 3." type="book chapter" year="2000">Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FFA82610FF141E86FED2FB77" box="[239,318,1172,1198]" name="Taiwan" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Arc and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FFA82610FE531E86FE09FB77" box="[424,485,1172,1198]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FDBB1E86FD0DFB77" author="NG N. K. & SUZUKI H. & SHIH H. - T. & DEWA S-I & NG P. K. L." box="[576,737,1172,1198]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="391 - 399" refId="ref58823" refString="NG N. K., SUZUKI H., SHIH H. - T., DEWA S-I & NG P. K. L. 2014. - The hydrothermal crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) in southern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 127 (2): 391 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 127.2.391" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FD911E87FD4CFB77" box="[618,672,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: in the title of that paper the family is erroneously referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FF7D1EC6FF19FB37" box="[134,245,1236,1262]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, owing to a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE8C1EC6FE19FB34" box="[375,501,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">lapsus muris</emphasis>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FDC11EC6FF50FAD7" authority="McLay, 2007" authorityName="McLay" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ngatama">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDC11EC6FD5EFB34" box="[570,690,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">X. ngatama</emphasis>
|
||
McLay, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Brothers Mount in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FFA82610FE201EE6FD9EFAD4" box="[475,626,1267,1294]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They are the only grapsoids that live in such a harsh environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FD231F06FEE9FA94" author="JENG M. - S. & NG N. K. & NG P. K. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="969" refId="ref55608" refString="JENG M. - S., NG N. K. & NG P. K. L. 2004 b. - Feeding behaviour: hydrothermal vent crabs feast on marine ' snow'. Nature 432 (7020): 969. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 432969 a" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Jeng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FF7F1F26FF54FA94" box="[132,184,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FEAC1F26FE1EFA94" author="NG N. K. & SUZUKI H. & SHIH H. - T. & DEWA S-I & NG P. K. L." box="[343,498,1331,1358]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="391 - 399" refId="ref58823" refString="NG N. K., SUZUKI H., SHIH H. - T., DEWA S-I & NG P. K. L. 2014. - The hydrothermal crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) in southern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 127 (2): 391 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 127.2.391" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE7B1F26FE58FA94" box="[384,436,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FDFB1F26FD71FA94" author="HU M. Y. & GUH Y. J. & SHAO Y. T. & KUAN P. L. & CHEN G. L. & JENG M. S. & LEE J. R." box="[512,669,1331,1358]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref54787" refString="HU M. Y., GUH Y. J., SHAO Y. T., KUAN P. L., CHEN G. L., JENG M. S. & LEE J. R. 2016. - Strong ion regulatory abilities enable the crab Xenograpsus testudinatus to inhabit highly acidified marine vent systems. Frontiers in Physiology 7 (14): 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Hu
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDD71F26FDB3FA94" box="[556,607,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF601F41FD02F9B5" blockId="39.[129,777,822,1645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
The absence of gap between the quadrate mxp3 (vs a rhomboidal gap in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEEE1F61FE2DFA57" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[277,449,1395,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptograpsodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
), considered a diagnostic character of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEAB1F81FE01FA74" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[336,493,1427,1453]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FDA01F86FF54FA17" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FD7E1F86FD54FA74" box="[645,696,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007: 250)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and considered unique amongst the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FDB41FA1FD20FA14" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[591,716,1459,1485]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is in fact a character also shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE391FC1FD9FFA34" authorityName="Schubart, Cuesta & Felder" authorityYear="2002" box="[450,627,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Glyptograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Glyptograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FD5D1FC1FF1FF9D4" author="SCHUBART C. D. & CUESTA J. A. & FELDER D. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="28 - 44" refId="ref62074" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A. & FELDER D. L. 2002. - Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (1): 28 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990206" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Schubart
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FF7F1FE1FF5AF9D4" box="[132,182,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE7F1FE1FDF7F9D4" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[388,539,1523,1549]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE571FE1FE32F9D4" box="[428,478,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7G),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FD7C1FE1FCEFF9D4" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[647,771,1523,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Plagusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plagusiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and various varunid genera of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FD981C00FD39F9F5" authorityName="Davie & N. K. Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[611,725,1554,1580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gaeticinae">Gaeticinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that show a characteristic structure of mxp3 related to suspension feeding (Davie & N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE771C41FE02F9B5" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[396,494,1618,1645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">Ng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE071C41FD6BF9B4" author="NARUSE T." box="[508,647,1618,1645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref58083" refString="NARUSE T. 2015. - Description of a new genus and a new species of gaeticine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, and a review of Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858, and Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007. Zootaxa 3925 (2): 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.2.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Naruse 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FF7F1C81FE82F972" box="[132,366,1683,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF7F1C81FE82F972" blockId="39.[130,776,1683,2028]" box="[132,366,1683,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">MOLECULAR ANALYSIS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FF7F1CA0FB63FC76" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FF7F1CA0FB09FE69" blockId="39.[130,776,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="39.[811,1458,215,943]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
Genetic sequences by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FE9E1CA0FDFDF914" author="SCHUBART C. D." box="[357,529,1714,1741]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="472 - 478" refId="ref61452" refString="SCHUBART C. D. 2011. - Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship within Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) and comparison of trans-isthmian vs amphi-atlantic gene flow based on mtDNA. Zoologischer Anzeiger 250: 472 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.06.003" type="journal article" year="2011">Schubart (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FDB41CA1FD03F915" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[591,751,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Varuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litterata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDB41CA1FD03F915" box="[591,751,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Varuna litterata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as outgroup, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FEC41CC0FE32F935" author="IP B. H. Y. & SCHUBART C. D. & TSANG L. M. & CHU K. H." box="[319,478,1746,1773]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="217 - 227" refId="ref55156" refString="IP B. H. Y., SCHUBART C. D., TSANG L. M. & CHU K. H. 2015. - Phylogeny of the shore crab family Grapsidae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Thoracotremata) based on a multilocus approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (2): 217 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12235" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Ip
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FEA61CC1FE63F935" box="[349,399,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate a close relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FF651CE0FEDCF8D5" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[158,304,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FF651CE0FEDCF8D5" box="[158,304,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FEB41CE0FE07F8D5" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[335,491,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even a possible sister-taxon relationship with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FEC01D00FE41F8F2" box="[315,429,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsu</emphasis>
|
||
s. The question is therefore to test whether the xenograpsid morphology provides the accurate traits to corroborate the DNA data or whether there is another case of incongruence between the currently adopted classification and molecular phylogenetics.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FE1C1D80FD30F872" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[487,732,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FE1C1D80FD30F872" box="[487,732,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was shown to have distinct gene order (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FDF91DA3FD76F812" author="KI J. - S. & DAHMS H. - U. & HWANG J. - S. & LEE J. - S." box="[514,666,1969,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="290 - 299" refId="ref55906" refString="KI J. - S., DAHMS H. - U., HWANG J. - S. & LEE J. - S. 2009. - The complete mitogenome of the hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus (Decapoda, Brachyura) and comparison with brachyuran crabs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D 4: 290 - 299." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ki
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FDDD1DA0FDB7F812" box="[550,603,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the gene order analysis of brachyuran mitochondrial genomes by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC491ACAFB94FF2B" author="BASSO A. & BABBUCCI M. & PAULETTO M. & RIGINELLA E. & PATARNELLO T. & NEGRISOLO E." box="[946,1144,215,242]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="4096" refId="ref48408" refString="BASSO A., BABBUCCI M., PAULETTO M., RIGINELLA E., PATARNELLO T. & NEGRISOLO E. 2017. - The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of the crabs Maja crispata and Maja squinado (Majidae) and gene order evolution in Brachyura. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 4096. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 04168 - 9" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Basso
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC0F1ACAFBC4FF28" box="[1012,1064,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FB111AC5FAB4FF28" box="[1258,1368,215,241]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Brachyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="601" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyura</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a hot-spot of gene order diversity within the phylum Arthropoda, XenGO is an apomorphy currently known only for
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FCAD1B2AFC12FE88" box="[854,1022,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FCAD1B2AFC16FE88" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[854,1018,311,337]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">X. testudinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FB5A1B25FA46FE88" author="WANG Z. & WANG Z. & SHI X. & WU Q. & TAO Y. & GUO H. & JI C. & BAI Y." box="[1185,1450,311,337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref64597" refString="WANG Z., WANG Z., SHI X., WU Q., TAO Y., GUO H., JI C. & BAI Y. 2018 b. - Complete mitochondrial genome of Parasesarma affine (Brachyura: Sesarmidae): gene rearrangements in Sesarmidae and phylogeneticanalysis of the Brachyura. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 118: 31 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijbiomac. 2018.06.056" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FB111B2AFACDFE88" box="[1258,1313,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018b: 39
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6), based on the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC5B1B65FB7BFE48" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[928,1175,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC5B1B65FB7BFE48" box="[928,1175,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FB321B65FAD3FE48" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1225,1343,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found forming a group with close relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FCB81BA4FB63FC76" blockId="39.[811,1458,215,943]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
The morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FB551BA5FA43FE09" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[1198,1455,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FB551BA5FA43FE09" box="[1198,1455,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Xenograpsus testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been studied and illustrated by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FAF21BC5FA92FE28" author="NG N. K." box="[1289,1406,470,497]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC811BE5FBDBFDC8" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[890,1079,502,529]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC5D1BE5FC32FDC9" box="[934,990,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The comparative characters are: proepistome inserted as thin tongue into lower margin of front (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC3A1825FB8EFD89" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[961,1122,566,593]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC111825FBCCFD89" box="[1002,1056,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 3B, 6A) (also thin tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FCD51844FC28FDA9" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[814,964,598,624]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FCD51844FC28FDA9" box="[814,964,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); orbit almost complete, in the form of deep sunken cavity (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FBF01864FB71FD49" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1035,1181,630,656]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FBCA1865FB8EFD49" box="[1073,1122,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5A) (partially opened laterally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC531884FBD3FD69" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[936,1087,662,688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC531884FBD3FD69" box="[936,1087,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); suborbital margin not stridulatory (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC5718A4FBAAFD09" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[940,1094,693,720]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC2E18A4FBE4FD16" box="[981,1032,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5G) (suborbital margin with stridulatory function in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FBCF18C7FB26FD36" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1076,1226,725,751]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FBCF18C7FB26FD36" box="[1076,1226,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); mxp3 broad, operculiform, lacking rhomboidal gap (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FAF818E4FA44FCD6" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1283,1448,757,784]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FAD418E4FA8AFCD6" box="[1327,1382,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7A) (gaping in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FBF91907FB75FCF6" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1026,1177,789,815]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FBF91907FB75FCF6" box="[1026,1177,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); typical pleonal-holding mechanism present: rather big sternal button and deep pleonal socket (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC491947FBA4FCB6" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[946,1096,853,879]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC491947FBA4FCB6" box="[946,1096,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); G1 strongly calcified, short and stout (long, quite slender, with blunt, horny tip and flap on sternal surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC121987FB93FC76" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1001,1151,917,943]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC121987FB93FC76" box="[1001,1151,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FCD619C4FA95FC34" box="[813,1401,982,1008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FCD619C4FA95FC34" blockId="39.[810,1457,982,2028]" box="[813,1401,982,1008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">ADDITIONAL STERNAL AND MALE GENITAL CHARACTERS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA82610FCD619E7FC16F835" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FCD619E7FAACFA34" blockId="39.[810,1457,982,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FCB119E6FC0BFBD7" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[842,999,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(our data are only based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FAEB19E7FA45FBD7" ID-CoL="7FWLL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[1296,1449,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FAEB19E7FA45FBD7" box="[1296,1449,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">X. testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only species that we have examined), the thoracic sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA82610FCC91E26FC40FB96" box="[818,940,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1895,1913]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,216,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-196@30.[702,1257,730,1277]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 8. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Grapsoidea: A, D, G, J, M, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon; B, E, H, K, N, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon; C, F, I, L, O, genital region with gonopore and penis: A-C, Grapsidae: Grapsus grapsus Lamarck, 1801, ♂ 23.8 ×26.9 mm, Antilles, MNHN-IU-2013-10764 (=MNHN-B24641);D-F, Glyptograpsidae:Glyptograpsus jamaicensis (Benedict,1892),♂ 32.8 ×37.4 mm,Jamaica,MNHN-IU-2017-8401 (= MNHN-B127715); G-I, Percnidae: Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804), ♂ 29.7× 27.7 mm, Réunion Island,MNHN-IU-2010-19798 (=MNHN-B24534);J-L, Plagusiidae: Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790), ♂ 43.6 ×46.3 mm, Marquesas Islands, MNHN-IU-2011-8947; M-O, Xenograpsidae: Xenograpsus testudinatus N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000, ♂ 21.8 ×23.8 mm, NE Coast of Taiwan, MNHN-IU-2013-14995 (= MNHN-B30314). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336890/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Fig. 8M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
) (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FBF81E27FB77FB97" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1027,1179,1076,1103]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FBD71E27FBB2FB97" box="[1068,1118,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3H) shows: complete suture 2/3 and no anterior suture or depression that could be suture 1/2; sutures 4/5-7/8 incomplete, suture 7/8 being shorter; rather wide sternite 8 but, as notched by deep triangular posterior emargination, not exposed medially and only lateral; median line on sternite 7 only (not clearly shown by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC8B1EE6FBE6FAD7" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[880,1034,1267,1294]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC621EE6FC20FAD4" box="[921,972,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3H); no traces of bridge. Male gonopore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA82610FC7C1F01FC30FAF7" box="[903,988,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1895,1913]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,216,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-196@30.[702,1257,730,1277]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 8. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Grapsoidea: A, D, G, J, M, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon; B, E, H, K, N, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon; C, F, I, L, O, genital region with gonopore and penis: A-C, Grapsidae: Grapsus grapsus Lamarck, 1801, ♂ 23.8 ×26.9 mm, Antilles, MNHN-IU-2013-10764 (=MNHN-B24641);D-F, Glyptograpsidae:Glyptograpsus jamaicensis (Benedict,1892),♂ 32.8 ×37.4 mm,Jamaica,MNHN-IU-2017-8401 (= MNHN-B127715); G-I, Percnidae: Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804), ♂ 29.7× 27.7 mm, Réunion Island,MNHN-IU-2010-19798 (=MNHN-B24534);J-L, Plagusiidae: Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790), ♂ 43.6 ×46.3 mm, Marquesas Islands, MNHN-IU-2011-8947; M-O, Xenograpsidae: Xenograpsus testudinatus N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000, ♂ 21.8 ×23.8 mm, NE Coast of Taiwan, MNHN-IU-2013-14995 (= MNHN-B30314). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336890/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">Fig. 8O</figureCitation>
|
||
) (N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FBCC1F06FB3CFAF7" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[1079,1232,1299,1326]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FB9B1F06FB7FFAF4" box="[1120,1171,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4A) opening on sternite 8 by wide aperture along lateral margin of posteriorly expanded episternite 7; aperture rather far from suture 7/8 but close to P5 coxo-sternal condyle; expanded episternite 7 joining P5 coxo-sternal condyle, extending in direction of sternite 8, thus getting very close to it but without reaching it; penis short, not exposed when pleon is folded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA82610FCB81FE1FC16F835" blockId="39.[810,1457,982,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">
|
||
Concerning the sternal and male genital features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FA821FE1FC71F9F5" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC351C00FB3EF9F5" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[974,1234,1554,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptograpsodidae n. fam</taxonomicName>
|
||
share: sterno-pleonal cavity very wide; press-button typical; male gonopore not far from P5 coxo-sternal condyle; sternite 8 reduced to its lateral portion due to pronounced posterior emargination reaching sternite 7; median line on sternite 7 only. But they differ by the obvious traditional traits already known and also by: suture 1/2 convex as complete, thickened ridge, and suture 2/3 complete in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FBA01CE0FA82F8D5" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[1115,1390,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFA82610FADF1CE0FA82F8D5" box="[1316,1390,1778,1804]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (only suture 2/
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B41FFA82610FC741D00FC55F8F5" box="[911,953,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC441D00FB8FF8F5" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[959,1123,1810,1836]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although two anterior sutures are figured for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC3D1D20FBB3F892" ID-CoL="7FWLL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[966,1119,1841,1867]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC3D1D20FBB3F892" box="[966,1119,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">X. testudinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by N. K. Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FB161D20FAF3F892" box="[1261,1311,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000: fig. 3B and by N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA82610FC371D40FB9EF8B5" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[972,1138,1873,1900]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA82610FC021D40FBDCF8B2" box="[1017,1072,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3H); presence of thick sternal bridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC0A1D63FAE3F852" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[1009,1295,1905,1932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFA82610FB3B1D60FAE3F852" box="[1216,1295,1905,1932]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (no bridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FCD41D83FC39F875" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[815,981,1937,1964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); very small portions of penis and sternite 8 dorsally visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FC171DA3FB11F812" ID-CoL="8477H" authority="n. fam" box="[1004,1277,1969,1996]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Leptograpsodidae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFFA82610FB481DA0FB11F812" box="[1203,1277,1969,1996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (nothing visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA82610FCB31DC3FC02F835" ID-CoL="7NLKL" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Davie, Schubart & Ng" authorityYear="2007" box="[840,1006,2001,2028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="39" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenograpsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320652FFFA7261FFF601AC5FEAAFEA8" pageId="40" pageNumber="585" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FFA7261FFF601AC5FEAAFEA8" blockId="40.[132,775,215,370]" pageId="40" pageNumber="585">
|
||
The genital condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA7261FFE561ACAFDC5FF28" baseAuthorityName="Takeda & Kurata" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[429,553,216,241]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA7261FFE561ACAFDC5FF28" box="[429,553,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="585">Xenograpsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents some similarities with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FFA7261FFE911AE5FE04FEC8" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[362,488,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Plagusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="40" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plagusiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A21FFA7261FFE011AE5FDA3FEC8" box="[506,591,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1895,1913]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,216,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-196@30.[702,1257,730,1277]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 8. — Pleon, thoracic sternum and genital region of Grapsoidea: A, D, G, J, M, thoracic sternum (brushed) with pleon; B, E, H, K, N, thoracic sternum (brushed) without pleon; C, F, I, L, O, genital region with gonopore and penis: A-C, Grapsidae: Grapsus grapsus Lamarck, 1801, ♂ 23.8 ×26.9 mm, Antilles, MNHN-IU-2013-10764 (=MNHN-B24641);D-F, Glyptograpsidae:Glyptograpsus jamaicensis (Benedict,1892),♂ 32.8 ×37.4 mm,Jamaica,MNHN-IU-2017-8401 (= MNHN-B127715); G-I, Percnidae: Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804), ♂ 29.7× 27.7 mm, Réunion Island,MNHN-IU-2010-19798 (=MNHN-B24534);J-L, Plagusiidae: Plagusia squamosa (Herbst, 1790), ♂ 43.6 ×46.3 mm, Marquesas Islands, MNHN-IU-2011-8947; M-O, Xenograpsidae: Xenograpsus testudinatus N. K. Ng, Huang & Ho, 2000, ♂ 21.8 ×23.8 mm, NE Coast of Taiwan, MNHN-IU-2013-14995 (= MNHN-B30314). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336890/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="585">Fig. 8L</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA7261FFD911AE5FD13FEC8" author="GUINOT D." box="[618,767,247,273]" pageId="40" pageNumber="585" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 52E; N. K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FFA7261FFED71B0AFE2BFEE8" author="NG N. K. & DAVIE P. J. F. & SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L." box="[300,455,279,306]" pageId="40" pageNumber="585" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. & NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FFA7261FFEAE1B0AFE65FEE8" box="[341,393,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="585">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4C) where the elongated episternite 7 joins the sternite 8 and separates the gonopore from the P5 coxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |