165 lines
17 KiB
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165 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="D24661784E33B53780D235F1D49E487A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax flaviventris Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EBE87BAF-89FE-48CE-B36A-E62C8A2FF878" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853550" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EBE87BAF-89FE-48CE-B36A-E62C8A2FF878" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D24661784E33B53780D235F1D49E487A" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
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(053)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EBE87BAF-89FE-48CE-B36A-E62C8A2FF878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax flaviventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Mecyclothorax flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="135" pageNumber="136">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 62G, 63F, 68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–I">E-I</normalizedToken>
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, 72
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="136" pageNumber="137" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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This species is the most gracile-bodied
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis">Mecyclothorax ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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group species with cordate pronotum, narrowed elytral humeri, and punctate discal elytral intervals (Fig. 68C). In body conformation it is most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis">Mecyclothorax ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 65A), and both species share the setal formula 2 2 2 1[ae]. However individuals of this species lack the parascutellar seta. Also, this species is uniquely characterized among species in the group by the apically flavous abdomen, with the flavous ventrites 4-6 contrasted to the rufobrunneous basal ventrites (Fig. 68D). Standardized body length 3.7-4.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal grooves broad near clypeus, lateral carina to supraorbital seta; dorsal surface of neck flat to slightly concave; eyes large and moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.51-1.56, ocular lobe ratio = 0.82-0.88; labral anterior margin deeply angulate medially, emarginated 1/3 of length; antennae filiform; antennomeres 2-3 with only a few short setae along shafts; mentum tooth with sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum quadrisetose, distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.49-1.58, with lateral margins convergent before the right to slightly acute, projected hind angles; pronotum appearing narrow, but actually slightly transverse, MPW/PL = 1.13-1.21; median base broadly depressed relative to disc, rugose medially, longitudinally strigose laterally; basal margin very slightly convex between laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression evident, finely incised, continued onto median base; anterior transverse impression broad, surface with granulate microsculpture and deep, dense longitudinal wrinkles; anterior callosity depressed, covered with longitudinal wrinkles from transverse impression; front angles not projected, tightly rounded; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.06-1.09; lateral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upturned, slightly broader inside front angle; laterobasal depression slightly transversely wrinkled, continuous with lateral depression. Proepisternum with 4-5 minute punctures along hind marginal groove; prosternal process with narrow median impression, lateral margins broadly beaded between coxae. Elytra distinctly ovoid with maximal width behind midlength, disc narrowly flat medially, sides steeply sloped; basal groove gently recurved to subangulate humerus that is defined by hitch at base of lateral marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.10-2.18; parascutellar striole very shallow, smooth, difficult to trace; sutural interval slightly more convex than lateral intervals, but depressed at suture; sutural and 2nd striae of subequal depth from base to apex, striae 2-6 progressively shallower on disc, stria 7 discontinuous, obsolete, discal striae 1-4 with small punctures restricted to deepest parts of striae; 8th interval slightly more convex than apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.31×">-0.31x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.61
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.66×">-0.66x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length, setal impressions shallow, spanning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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width of interval 3; apical elytral seta present near medial apex of interval 3, subapical seta absent; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow, edge upraised until beaded at subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, more abruptly incurved anteriorly. Mesepisternum with ~8 punctures in 1-2 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.71; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular lateral wrinkles on ventrites 1-5, lateral depressions on ventrites 3-6 (Fig. 68D); suture between ventrites 2 and 3 reduced laterally, effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae, apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.21; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="137" pageNumber="138" start="start">metatarsal</pageBreakToken>
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dorsolateral sulci narrow, shallow, median area broad. Microsculpture of vertex and pronotal disc a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; pronotal median base with granulate isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; elytral disc with shallow isodiametric and transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length, in transverse rows; elytral apex with shallow isodiametric sculpticells in transverse rows; metasternum with upraised transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufobrunneous with piceous cast; antennomeres 1-3 flavous, 4-11 darker, more brunneous; pronotal disc rufopiceous, lateral margins, base, and apex narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufoflavous, proepisternum rufobrunneous; elytral disc dark rufobrunneous, sutural interval narrowly rufobrunneous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression and 9th interval rufoflavous, elytral apex narrowly flavous; elytral epipleuron dorsally flavous, ventrally rufoflavous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdomen with ventrites 1-2 rufobrunneous, ventrite 3 medially rufobrunneous, laterally and apically flavous, ventrites 3-6 flavous; metafemur flavous; metatibia flavous with a brunneous cast.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
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Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe variably gracile, distance between parameral articulation and tip 3.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.2×">-4.2x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 70E, H, I); apex extended twice its depth beyond apex of ostial opening, tip slightly downturned, rounded; median lobe curved rightward toward apex in ventral view (Fig. 70F), right margin concave, left margin incurved to blunt tip; internal sac elongate, length from ostial margin to base of flagellar plate 0.79
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance, sac surface unornamented but with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="138" pageNumber="139" start="start">microspicules</pageBreakToken>
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more developed over entire ventral surface (Fig. 70G); flagellar plate moderately short, length 0.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance. The male from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley, 1500 m elevation (Fig. 70H) exhibits a broader apex, though the internal sac in its uneverted condition looks identical to the configuration of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley, 1845 m elevation male (Fig. 70E). All of these specimens exhibit the flavous abdominal ventrites that represent an autapomorphy for the species, and if the lower elevation
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley population is determined to be distinct, the additionally recognized species will be the sister to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax flaviventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Mecyclothorax flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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. A present, with only a single specimen from the lower
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley locality, such recognition is deemed premature, and the aedeagal conformations are assumed to represent infraspecific variability.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with rounded, slightly expanded apex, length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.29 mm (Fig. 62G); bursal walls translucent with thin wrinkles; gonocoxite 1 with 0-1 apical fringe setae and 7-8 smaller setae on medial surface (Fig. 63F); gonocoxite 2 falcate with tightly rounded tip, base with long, thin lateral extension with 90° bend at terminus, 2 lateral ensiform setae, the apical seta longer and broader, apical nematiform setae on medial surface at 0.69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. 1500 m el. / 9-V-1991 sifting / leaf litter by day // S. Jessel / A.C. Medeiros, / Jr. collectors //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flaviventris" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ #4 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flaviventris" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">35 specimens (see Appendix).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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The Latin genitive singular
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flaviventris" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="flaviventris">flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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signifies the flavous abdominal ventrites 4-6 contrasted to the piceous abdominal base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax flaviventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Mecyclothorax flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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has a distribution that is centered on the upper elevations of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley, extended northward into the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hāna">Hana</normalizedToken>
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Bogs, westward to the eastern mesic margin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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Crater at Paliku, and southward to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu’s">Kīpahulu's</normalizedToken>
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west rim near Kuiki (Fig. 72). Collecting localities span 1500-2100 m elevation. The beetles have almost always been collected in association with mossy
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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trunks and logs. Several beetles have been encountered while beating vegetation, and one was captured in a pitfall trap at Paliku.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Figure 72. Recorded geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax flaviventris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviventris">Mecyclothorax flaviventris</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |