196 lines
15 KiB
XML
196 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cnestus protensus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>442</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754729" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Eggers, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Cnestus protensus (Eggers, 1930)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Cnestus improcerus, 2.7 - 3.3 mm (A, B, I), C. mutilatus, 3.6 - 3.8 mm (C, D, J), C. nitidipennis, 2.8 - 3.2 mm (E, F, K), and C. protensus, 3.3 - 5.4 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 33G, H, L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Xyleborus protensus</taxonomicName>
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Eggers, 1930: 201.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Cnestus protensus</taxonomicName>
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(Eggers):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 803.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus rostratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">Cnestus rostratus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1977: 502. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus protensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(FRI).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus rostratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus rostratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMW).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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China: Fujian,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chong’an">Chong'an</normalizedToken>
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, Guidun, 950 m, 25.vi.1979, Fusheng Huang, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Machilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machilus thunbergii" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Machilus thunbergii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMNH, 1) as previous except: 1000 m, 8.v.1978, Fusheng Huang, ex evergreen broadleaf tree (NMNH, 1). Yunnan, Sutian, 2014, Tian-Shang (RABC, 3); S. Yunnan, 28 km NW Jinghong, vic. An Ma Xi Zhan (NNNR),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.2">22°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.63333">100°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, forest, EKL, 28.vi.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1). India: Arunachal Pradesh, Etalin vicinity,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="28.615557">28°36'56"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="95.88917">95°53'21"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, 12-25.v.2012, L.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dembický">Dembicky</normalizedToken>
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(ZFMK, 1). Laos: Hua Phan, Ban Saluei, Phou Pan (Mt.),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.2">20°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="104.01667">104°01'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1300-1900 m, 7.iv-25.v.2010, C. Holzschuh (RABC, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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3.3-5.4 mm long (mean = 4.35 mm; n = 4); 2.0-2.17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the uniquely emarginate epistomal margin; enlarged mandibles (in lateral view protruding forward at 90° to the plane of the frons, dorsoventrally deeper than normal; in anterior view, with an upwardly directed, smooth, rounded process on the dorsal side); absence of a mesonotal mycangial tuft on the pronotal base; pronotum from dorsal view type 6; pronotum apex strongly produced, extending to a process with numerous serrations; body glabrous, strongly shiny; declivity strongly rounded; protibiae very slender with three large, narrow denticles on outer margin; antennal club type 1, with no sutures visible on the posterior face; and 3-segmented antennal funicle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is very similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nitidipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and is distinguished by the larger size, pronotal base with punctures clearly coarser, denser, surface mostly dull, pronotum appearing wider, sides of pronotum parallel for approximately 1/2 of the total length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus nitidipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus nitidipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China* (Yunnan*), India (Assam), Indonesia (Java), Laos*, Vietnam.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species has only been recorded from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Machilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machilus" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Machilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Images of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus protensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype and the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rostratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rostratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rostratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were compared. Though the two specimens differ in size (3.5 and 4.2 mm, respectively) they were clearly conspecific and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rostratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rostratus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rostratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is here placed in synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Both
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nitidipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. protensus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="protensus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. protensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possess unique morphology among
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species including the pronotal apex very strongly produced, very slender protibia, enlarged mandibles and absence of a mycangial tuft. These morphological characters are convergent with Neotropical genera that are inquilines (see remarks of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nitidpennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidpennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidpennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Further investigation of their behavior is necessary to determine if these species are also inquilines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |