155 lines
13 KiB
XML
155 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2626bb6f-94a4-4bba-a4c8-e8eb68c4ae95" ID-PMC="PMC5345378" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-649-1" ID-PubMed="28325970" ID-ZBK="5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-649-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 649" ModsDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" checkinTime="1485998739022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Percy, Diana M." docDate="2017" docId="EDA9E115E0E7513C4B66CAB190D5159D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 649: 1-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 649" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213" docTitle="Pariaconus caulicalix Percy, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9D1E6BD8-0659-4890-A204-F33F86423EFD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="802A4C29FFB3FFFE83131831FFFCD537" masterDocTitle="Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1668163929468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Making the most of your host: the Metrosideros-feeding psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of the Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Percy, Diana M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>649</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>163</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.649.10213</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-649-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5615ED7CAF3E41B69963F6458804186D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127896244" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9D1E6BD8-0659-4890-A204-F33F86423EFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDA9E115E0E7513C4B66CAB190D5159D" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9D1E6BD8-0659-4890-A204-F33F86423EFD" authority="Percy" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus caulicalix" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicalix">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Pariaconus</pageBreakToken>
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caulicalix Percy
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="55" pageNumber="56">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 25, 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Adult colour.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">General body colour is either brown to dark brown, or light red to red-brown. Fore wing membrane clear or slightly fuscous.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Adult structure.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Fore wing apex bluntly acute; surface spinules distributed in all cells except few or none in r1; short setae on margins and veins (Fig. 25A). Antennae short (av. length 0.71; ratio AL:HW av. 1.41); genal processes short (ratio VL:GP av. 3.17); short to minute setae on vertex and thorax; distal proboscis segment short (av. length 0.11); hind tibia length subequal to head width (ratio HW:HT av. 1.06) (Fig. 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–G">B-G</normalizedToken>
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). Male terminalia (Fig. 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–K">H-K</normalizedToken>
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): paramere shorter than proctiger (ratio MP:PL av. 1.14), broader at the base and tapering to an elongate neck below a somewhat flat-topped apex with anteriorly directed hook; distal aedeagus segment length subequal to paramere (ratio PL:AEL av. 0.99) with base rounded or slightly angular and slightly inflated, and a moderately large acutely hooked apex (ratio AEL:AELH av. 2.73). Female terminalia (Fig. 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="L–O">L-O</normalizedToken>
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): proctiger short, dorsal surface more or less straight, apex acute, anal ring long (ratio FP:RL av. 2.98); subgenital plate with very slight medial bulge ventrally, apex acute to bluntly acute; ovipositor apex with reduced serrations (2 above, 0-2 below), valvulae dorsalis not strongly convex dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 25.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus caulicalix" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicalix">Pariaconus caulicalix</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A fore wing B proboscis C head D male E female F head and antenna and head (lateral view, inset) G hind leg H male terminalia, form
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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I aedeagi: form
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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(above), form
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<taxonomicName form="rubrus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea rubrus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="rubrus">rubrus</taxonomicName>
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(below) J parameres: form
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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(left), form
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<taxonomicName form="rubrus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea rubrus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="rubrus">rubrus</taxonomicName>
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(right) K male terminalia, form
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<taxonomicName form="rubrus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea rubrus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="rubrus">rubrus</taxonomicName>
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L female proctiger (dorsal view) M female subgenital plate (ventral view) N female terminalia O ovipositor (serrations indicated) P, Q eggs (pedicel and tail indicated).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Egg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Unpigmented to light brown, elongate and sinusoidal, no microsculpturing, short pedicel 1/4 length from base, long tail with slightly inflated tip (Fig. 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="P–Q">P-Q</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Immature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Colour and structure: Black or brown dorsally, cream to pale orange ventrally. 5th instar: Broadly ovoid in outline, wing buds only slightly protruding with distinct humeral lobes (Fig. 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Dorsal surface with ridges (Fig. 49D). Tarsi with moderately small claws (not extending beyond arolia) (Fig. 49B). Circumanal ring moderately wide (CPW:RW 5.89), shallowly v-shaped, with a single row of elongate cells (Fig. 49A). Chaetotaxy: 5th instar: Continuous marginal ring of blunt sectasetae (Fig. 49C). Dorsal surface with intermittent minute simple setae. 1st instar (Fig. 49F): Margin with broad blunt sectasetae (8 pairs anterior margin of head, 1 pair postocular, 1 pair on each wing bud, 12 pairs on abdomen), and with distinct arrangement of large to medium large, acutely pointed sectasetae dorsally (4 pairs head, 4 pairs thorax, 2-5 pairs abdomen), which are lost by the 3rd-4th instars; by the 2nd instar there is a continuous marginal ring of sectasetae (Fig. 49E).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Host plant notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Found predominantly on glabrous and semi-pubescent morphotypes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Island.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kauai.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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The two recognized forms (
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName form="rubrus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea rubrus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="rubrus">rubrus</taxonomicName>
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) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus caulicalix" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicalix">Pariaconus caulicalix</taxonomicName>
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are found sympatrically (although form
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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is more widespread), which, given the molecular differentiation, suggests that, in addition to colour and general size differences that are noticeable in the field, there may be some reproductive isolation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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This species forms thin-walled cup galls on stems, often clustered together, with one immature per gall chamber (Fig. 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–J">G-J</normalizedToken>
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). The gall tissue of the cup is green or yellow-green. Immatures are seated in the base of the cup gall and the ridged sclerotized dorsal surface forms a plug under which is the soft unsclerotized body (Fig. 49
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">The name refers to the gall type which is a cup (calix) -shaped cambial outgrowth on plant stems (caulae) (adjective in the nominative singular).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Two forms are recognized (Fig. 25): form
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<taxonomicName form="brunneis" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea brunneis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="brunneis">brunneis</taxonomicName>
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(more common, larger and generally brown, with a longer paramere), and form
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<taxonomicName form="rubrus" genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea rubrus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="form" species="rubrus">rubrus</taxonomicName>
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(smaller, generally orange-red, and shorter paramere); there are few other morphological characters to distinguish these forms, however there is notable genetic divergence (Fig. 3). This is one of the more common species on Kauai and is closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus crassiorcalix" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiorcalix">Pariaconus crassiorcalix</taxonomicName>
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, which makes a thick-walled cup gall on stems of more pubescent morphotypes such as bog ohia in Alakai Swamp. Morphologically, both these species are close to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pariaconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pariaconus lehua" order="Hemiptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehua">Pariaconus lehua</taxonomicName>
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(Crawford, 1925).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Holotype male (slide mounted, BMNH). See Table 2 for details of type and other material examined for this study.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |