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180 lines
21 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="D9E4F0AB7AE153D0AF40DD3777442A38" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops francesae Crews & Harvey 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>189</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9E4F0AB7AE153D0AF40DD3777442A38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9E4F0AB7AE153D0AF40DD3777442A38" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3R2M6" LSID="D9E4F0AB-7AE1-53D0-AF40-DD3777442A38" authority="Crews & Harvey, 2011" authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">Karaops francesae Crews & Harvey, 2011</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 16. Karaops yumbu and members of the Karaops francesae species group A Karaops yumbu, habitat, Sawpit Gorge, Western Australia B habitat of Karaops francesae, Mt. Lindesay, Western Australia C Karaops francesae, female paratype, east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54994) D Karaops francesae, male holotype, northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54996) E Karaops toolbrunup, female holotype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 76592) F Karaops toolbrunup, male paratype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 62231). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 16B-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Map 1. Map of Australia showing areas that are expanded in subsequent figures. CD = Central Desert group, D = Karaops dawara group, F = Karaops francesae group, K = Kimberley group, UA = species that are not assigned to a group, PG = Pilbara-Gascoyne group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Maps 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Map 6. Species of the Karaops francesae species group; yellow = Karaops francesae, teal = Karaops toolbrunup." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816402" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">Karaops francesae</taxonomicName>
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Crews & Harvey, 2011: 70, figs 65-68 (♂, ♀, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Western Australia • 1 imm; Cape Le Grand National Park, Lucky Bay camping area, site 4;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-33.99361">33°59'37"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="122" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.9" value="122.21858">122°13'06.9"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 18 Jun. 2014; 33 m; J.M. Waldock, C.A. Car leg.; hand search; base of granite outcrop; (WAM T134604) • 1♀, 1♂; Fitzgerald River National Park, Mt. Drummond;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-33.91028">33°54'37"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="119.611664">119°36'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 7 Oct. 2007; 297 m; M.L. Moir, J. Newell, S. Brett leg.; (WAM T136891) • 1♀; Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Upper Firebreak Gully, Firebreak Track near Little Beach;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-34.976665">34°58'36"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="118.194725">118°11'41"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 27 Nov. 2014; M.S. Harvey, M.G. Rix, M.A. Castalanelli leg.; by hand; under eucalypt bark; (WAM T134761) • 1♀; Fitzgerald River National Park, gully E of Two Bump Hill;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="07.3" value="-34.00203">34°00'07.3"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.3" value="119.76842">119°46'06.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 06 Oct. 2007; J. Newell, S. Comer leg.; under rocks; (WAM T119331) • 1♀; Cape Le Grand National Park, Lucky Bay, granite outcrop, site 7;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.1" value="-33.99586">33°59'45.1"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="122" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.7" value="122.21992">122°13'11.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 19 Jun. 2014; 29 m; J.M. Waldock, C.A. Car leg.; by hand; under rock on granite; (WAM T133030) • 1♀; same as previous; 44 m; WAM T133031.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 16. Karaops yumbu and members of the Karaops francesae species group A Karaops yumbu, habitat, Sawpit Gorge, Western Australia B habitat of Karaops francesae, Mt. Lindesay, Western Australia C Karaops francesae, female paratype, east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54994) D Karaops francesae, male holotype, northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54996) E Karaops toolbrunup, female holotype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 76592) F Karaops toolbrunup, male paratype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 62231). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16D</figureCitation>
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) can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. toolbrunup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="toolbrunup">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. toolbrunup</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the smaller tegular lobe and the embolus that is at the perimeter of the cymbium (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 65, 66, 71, 72). Females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. francesae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 15. Karaops jawayway sp. nov. and Karaops yumbu of the Karaops dawara species group A Karaops jawayway sp. nov., Savannah Way, Northern Territory B Karaops yumbu, Browns Range, Western Australia, night C Karaops yumbu habitat, Wolverine pre-pit, Browns Range, Western Australia D Karaops yumbu, Browns Range, Western Australia, night E habitat of Karaops jawayway sp. nov., Savannah Way, Northern Territory F Karaops yumbu, Browns Range, Western Australia (sel _ 1293, WAM T 155669) G same H same. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15C</figureCitation>
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) have the ducts between the spermathecae and accessory bulbs coiled and the accessory bulbs extend anteriorly beyond the middle of the genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The description of the male and female can be found in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is found along the southern coast of Western Australia, including offshore islands (Maps
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Map 1. Map of Australia showing areas that are expanded in subsequent figures. CD = Central Desert group, D = Karaops dawara group, F = Karaops francesae group, K = Kimberley group, UA = species that are not assigned to a group, PG = Pilbara-Gascoyne group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Map 6. Species of the Karaops francesae species group; yellow = Karaops francesae, teal = Karaops toolbrunup." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816402" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 16. Karaops yumbu and members of the Karaops francesae species group A Karaops yumbu, habitat, Sawpit Gorge, Western Australia B habitat of Karaops francesae, Mt. Lindesay, Western Australia C Karaops francesae, female paratype, east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54994) D Karaops francesae, male holotype, northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54996) E Karaops toolbrunup, female holotype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 76592) F Karaops toolbrunup, male paratype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 62231). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16C, D</figureCitation>
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) is known from the southwest of Western Australia and has primarily been collected along the coast (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 16. Karaops yumbu and members of the Karaops francesae species group A Karaops yumbu, habitat, Sawpit Gorge, Western Australia B habitat of Karaops francesae, Mt. Lindesay, Western Australia C Karaops francesae, female paratype, east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54994) D Karaops francesae, male holotype, northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54996) E Karaops toolbrunup, female holotype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 76592) F Karaops toolbrunup, male paratype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 62231). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16B</figureCitation>
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). It is thus far known from three subregions: Southern Jarrah Forest of the Jarrah Forest bioregion and the Fitzgerald and Recherche subregions of the Esperance Plains bioregion. The Southern Jarrah Forest climate is warm Mediterranean, with Jarrah-Marri woodlands interspersed with shrublands. The Esperance bioregion is characterized by scrub and mallee heaths. The vegetation of the Fitzgerald subregion is diverse, with many localized endemics. The Fitzgerald and Recherche subregions both have a temperate Mediterranean climate. The Recherche subregion vegetation is primarily heath, and it gets slightly more rainfall than the Fitzgerald subregion. The subregions are warmest and driest November to March, and coolest and wettest May to August. Adults seem to occur during the transitional times between hot and dry and cool and wet; however, this may reflect when collections are made as it is not optimal to collect during the hottest or wettest times of the year (Suppl. material 2: table S1). This species is often collected beneath granite slabs (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 16. Karaops yumbu and members of the Karaops francesae species group A Karaops yumbu, habitat, Sawpit Gorge, Western Australia B habitat of Karaops francesae, Mt. Lindesay, Western Australia C Karaops francesae, female paratype, east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54994) D Karaops francesae, male holotype, northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 54996) E Karaops toolbrunup, female holotype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 76592) F Karaops toolbrunup, male paratype, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 62231). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species overlaps with two species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops toolbrunup" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toolbrunup">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops toolbrunup</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, its sister taxon, and there has been a single collection of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from within the range.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops toolbrunup" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toolbrunup">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops toolbrunup</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has thus far only been collected from the Stirling Ranges National Park. It is closely related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. francesae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and looks similar, but all specimens collected can be distinguished (i.e., they are not variants). Molecular data show some clades of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. francesae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that are as different from one another as they are from as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="K. toolbrunup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="toolbrunup">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. toolbrunup</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however, no morphological differences have been found in these groups, and it is possibly due to introgression, intermixing, or the genes used are not good for determining these relationships (Suppl. material 1). These two species comprise the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews & Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops francesae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |