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<document id="727E1CE512C99482DAF76B4FC1D61D31" ID-CLB-Dataset="158405" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dbc98025-949f-4ee1-80e5-f4e8ac8ffce2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147195" ID-ZooBank="DA49F564-620C-46E1-839A-D4A3B0136B3B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664955705071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Joshi, Sunil, Gupta, Ankita, Shashank, P. R., Pai, Sachin G., Mohan, M., Rachana, R. R., Dubey, Vinod Kumar, Sandeep, Angalakuditi &amp; Deepthy, K. B." docDate="2022" docId="432D5F6BFFBBFFA56BACFF562AD0FD6B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5194.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5194 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paralecanium machili Takahashi 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="222" masterDocId="BF142713FFB3FFAC6B3BFFC12E19F904" masterDocTitle="Recent adventive soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in India" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="213" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1699387765082" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="289997584B36773894D37CD0E9CA96F2">Recent adventive soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0BE6068F28956FB6E07CABCEAA1F056">Gupta, Ankita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7B659CE2BC10F2AF32B067B0E2B1E6E">ankitagupta. nbaii @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8415 - 8822</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0AED0265CF66B25F8046CB9F09F3CE66">Shashank, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="390BA223D52D528C7EA8DF49134D38FC">Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India. &amp; shashank @ iari. res. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8177 - 6091</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4C9EA78C75E8F6AECD60C561C8BBA1E8">Pai, Sachin G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB736D74ADAEBAA2D5710F268F6BC368">Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU PO, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. &amp; sachinpai 458 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3747 - 3859</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="98819641CF85253D097D7E353B2EF524">Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 024, Karnataka, India. &amp; mohan _ iari @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2327 - 6988</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="94580C28964CD28103CCD2CD6A37B13A">Dubey, Vinod Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0EFEFA4A331E12B0DAE5EBF3A9EEC4F0">Department of Entomology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa Samastipur, Bihar 848125, India. &amp; vinodkumardubey 42 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4175 - 0468</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F41DD15A56954DD2C24471BEC6B89D5D">Sandeep, Angalakuditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A75A8E940C5081B47A19CB0D6BCA5E81">Department of Agricultural Entomology, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India. &amp; sandeepa 9898 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6773 - 9526</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C273515DCAB83AF48DE20BC974E5DF8B">Deepthy, K. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D49067C716ABE69604CAEEE1BE48C6F0">Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU PO, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. &amp; deepthy. kb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9376 - 3856</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="5F146E4BFBBAAA82FE581A772E98AE76">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFBBFFA56BACFF562AD0FD6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFBBFFA56BACFF562AD0FD6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFBBFFA56BACFF562AD0FD6B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="90735911FFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,557,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF562FBCF9B6" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFF142CECF808" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFF142DD6F9E9" blockId="8.[151,975,213,268]" box="[151,975,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBBFFA46BACFF142DD6F9E9" box="[151,975,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46BACFF142C51F9E9" author="Takahashi, R." box="[151,584,213,237]" page="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF142C51F9E9" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi 1933: 37" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,584,213,237]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF142F60F9E9" box="[151,377,213,237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46A44FF142C51F9E9" author="Takahashi, R." box="[383,584,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref15459" refString="Takahashi, R. (1933) Observations on the Coccidae of Formosa. III. Report of the Government Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 60, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1933">Takahashi 1933: 37</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46969FF142DD2F9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981524" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[594,971,213,237]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687D07B10036CEEA8FC12FD1CFA3D" page="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46969FF142DD2F9E9" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[594,971,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref13723" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J. (2018) Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species. Zootaxa, 4443 (1), 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4443.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Hodgson &amp; Williams 2018: 105–107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFF352CECF808" blockId="8.[151,975,213,268]" box="[151,757,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBBFFA46BACFF352CECF808" box="[151,757,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46BACFF352CE8F808" author="Tao, C. C. C. &amp; Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C." box="[151,753,244,268]" page="100" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="1983">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF352CE8F808" ID-CoL="4KQYS" authority="Tao, Wong &amp; Chang 1983: 100" authorityName="Tao, Wong &amp; Chang" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,753,244,268]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Podoparalecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF352FB5F808" box="[151,428,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Podoparalecanium machili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46A89FF352CE8F808" author="Tao, C. C. C. &amp; Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C." box="[434,753,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="57 - 107" refId="ref15670" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36, 57 - 107." type="journal article" year="1983">Tao, Wong &amp; Chang 1983: 100</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFEF22A99FB47" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFEF22A15F875" blockId="8.[151,1437,307,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFEF22F61F849" bold="true" box="[151,376,307,333]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBBFFA46ABDFEF22FC1F849" box="[390,472,307,333]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBBFFA46AD8FEF22C40F849" box="[483,601,307,333]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, Kemmangundi,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBBFFA4682DFEF52D83F84A" box="[790,922,307,334]" degrees="13.5500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" precision="5" value="13.55">N 13.5500°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBBFFA4689FFEF52A3CF84A" box="[932,1061,307,334]" degrees="75.7500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" precision="5" value="75.75">E 75.7500°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46F6BFEF52B5BF849" box="[1104,1346,307,334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamala">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F6BFEF52B5BF849" box="[1104,1346,307,334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Cinnamomum tamala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Buch.- Ham.)
<collectionCode id="AD9576B8FFBBFFA46BDFFE962EEFF875" box="[228,246,343,369]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">T</collectionCode>
. Nees &amp; C.H. Eberm. (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46AC2FE972C6BF874" box="[505,626,342,368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBBFFA469BEFE972CF2F874" box="[645,747,342,368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" value="2021-02-04">4.ii.2021</date>
, Sunil Joshi coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBBFFA46882FE972A11F875" box="[953,1032,342,369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="female">30 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BFCFEB82A99FB47" blockId="8.[151,1437,307,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BFCFEB82FB3F897" bold="true" box="[199,426,377,403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBBFFA46A86FEB82C08F890" box="[445,529,377,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
): Often found adjacent to major leaf veins. Adult female very dark brown or glossy black, lighter on margin and submarginal areas and stigmatic clefts, colour becoming intense in median area anterior to anal plates; anal plates light reddish. Body subcircular or asymmetrical and slightly deltoid, almost flat but slightly convex in the median area; dorsum covered with numerous minute pits and divided into irregular tessellations by narrow smooth bands, of which a single median band runs from anal plates towards head and 6 or 7 curved horizontal bands ramify from medial band to margin. Nymphs transparent yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFBBFFA46BACF8872F20FEEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" startId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" targetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACF8872F20FEEA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1862,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACF8872F0EFE5A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1862,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46A19F8872C65FE5A" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[290,636,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A19F8872C10FE5A" box="[290,521,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F85F8862AC8FE5B" bold="true" box="[1214,1233,1863,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">a.</emphasis>
Marginal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46EB3F8862B85FE5B" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1863,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">b.</emphasis>
Spiracular setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A73F8AA2F40FE87" bold="true" box="[328,345,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">c.</emphasis>
Eyes;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A9AF8AA2FACFE87" bold="true" box="[417,437,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">d.</emphasis>
Dermal areolation;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA469BFF8AA2C8CFE87" bold="true" box="[644,661,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">e.</emphasis>
Clear areas on derm;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46841F8AB2D90FE86" bold="true" box="[890,905,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">f.</emphasis>
Dorsal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F26F8AA2A36FE87" bold="true" box="[1053,1071,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">g.</emphasis>
Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BD4F84E2F1AFEA3" bold="true" box="[239,259,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">h.</emphasis>
Dorsal small pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46AE4F84F2FF5FEA2" bold="true" box="[479,492,1934,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">i.</emphasis>
Anal plates;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46941F84F2C91FEA2" bold="true" box="[634,648,1934,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">j.</emphasis>
Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F5EF84E2A63FEA3" bold="true" box="[1125,1146,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">k.</emphasis>
Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A7BF8722F57FECF" bold="true" box="[320,334,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">l.</emphasis>
Pregenital disc pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46902F8722C4CFECF" bold="true" box="[569,597,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">m.</emphasis>
Spiracular pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46829F8722D3FFECF" bold="true" box="[786,806,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">n.</emphasis>
Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46FBEF8722A8BFECF" bold="true" box="[1157,1170,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">o</emphasis>
Antenna;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46FC6F8722B08FECF" bold="true" box="[1277,1297,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">p.</emphasis>
Anal ring;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46EB3F8722B85FECF" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">q.</emphasis>
Female habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBAFFA56BFCFF572AD0FD6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFF572CD1F81F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFF572C87F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,670,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=30): Body almost triangular, broadest posteriorly across abdomen (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56BA4FF7A2EECF9D1" box="[159,245,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4q</figureCitation>
), narrower anteriorly, asymmetrical and rounded at both ends. Marginal setae each fan shaped (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E00FF7A2B96F9D1" box="[1339,1423,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
), wider than long. Stigmatic clefts deep, each with a sclerotized inner margin and containing 3 stigmatic setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E54FF1F2EAEF81F" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
). Eyespots oval (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A4DFEC02FDEF818" box="[374,455,257,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
), situated near margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFEE72CEAFB3C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFEE72F38F83B" box="[199,289,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Derm with small areolations near margin, becoming larger in a broad submarginal band (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E02FEE42B96F83B" box="[1337,1423,293,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
), these becoming darker and unclear medially. Clear areas present only on abdomen (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F7FFE892A8EF867" box="[1092,1175,328,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
), absent from head and thoracic segments. Setae each 4–5 µm long, curved with a blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5689DFEAD2DECF882" box="[934,1013,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
), sparse, more numerous near margin, perhaps absent medially (not visible due to high degree of sclerotization). Pores of
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56F7CFE4E2ADFF8AE" box="[1095,1222,399,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
: large pores with a sclerotized margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A41FE722FD6F8C9" box="[378,463,435,461]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBAFFA56A8BFE722FD6F8C9" box="[432,463,435,461]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), common on submargin; smaller pores, lacking a sclerotized margin, appearing as a smaller clear spot in sclerotized derm (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5697EFE172C81F8F4" box="[581,664,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
), arranged in a polygonal pattern; and minute simple pores, each with an inner ductule, also forming a sparse polygonal pattern. Anal plates each with a rounded outer angle (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E2BFE3B2B45FB10" box="[1296,1372,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4i</figureCitation>
), 1 or 2 small pores medially and 2–4 small setae near apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFD832DB1FA34" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFD832F16FB5F" box="[199,271,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Venter</emphasis>
: Anogenital fold with 1 small seta on each side on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F28FD802A79FB5F" box="[1043,1120,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4j</figureCitation>
), each lateral margin with 1 seta at anterior end, and 2 setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5695EFDA52CA3FB7A" box="[613,698,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4k</figureCitation>
). Anal ring with 6–8 setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA568D7FDA52A26FB7A" box="[1004,1087,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4p</figureCitation>
). Multilocular pores present on either side of genital opening (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56AD6FD492C20FBA6" box="[493,569,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4l</figureCitation>
), also on 1 or 2 abdominal segments. Spiracular disc pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56FE1FD492B2AFBA6" box="[1242,1331,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBAFFA56E35FD492B2AFBA6" box="[1294,1331,648,674]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) forming a narrow band of 10–12 pores between each spiracle and margin on short side; longer side of body with 18–20 pores present in each band. Legs fairly well developed, each with tibio-tarsal segmentation. Tarsal digitules slightly longer than claw digitules, with capitate apices, equal in size; claw digitules both broad and about same width; claw without a denticle (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A54FCD42FDAFA34" box="[367,451,789,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4n</figureCitation>
). Antennae each with 6 segments (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5687CFCD42D82FA34" box="[839,923,789,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4o</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFCF82D26FD01" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFCF82F42FA57" bold="true" box="[199,347,825,851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Comparison</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBAFFA56A49FCF82CC4FA57" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[370,733,825,851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref13723" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J. (2018) Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species. Zootaxa, 4443 (1), 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4443.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Hodgson and Williams (2018)</bibRefCitation>
provided an excellent taxonomic illustration and detailed description of this species in their revision of the soft scale genus
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56854FC9D2A17FA72" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[879,1038,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56854FC9D2A17FA72" box="[879,1038,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; only one species of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56FCCFC9D2B8FFA72" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[1271,1430,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56FCCFC9D2B8FFA72" box="[1271,1430,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56BACFC402F96FA9E" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,399,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BACFC402F36FA9E" box="[151,303,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. maritimum</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
was known from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBAFFA5695BFC412C83FA9E" box="[608,666,896,922]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">India</collectingCountry>
before their study.
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56842FC412A82FA9E" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[889,1179,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56842FC412A82FA9E" box="[889,1179,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium maritimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses large dorsal pores, each 5–7 µm wide, whereas such large dorsal pores are absent in
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA568F4FC652A59FAB9" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[975,1088,931,957]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA568F4FC652A59FAB9" box="[975,1088,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has smaller pores each only 4–5 µm wide.
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56A4AFC062C72FAE5" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[369,619,967,993]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56A4AFC062C72FAE5" box="[369,619,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has marginal ornamentation in the form of strong sclerotized “dashes” at right-angles to margin, which is not present in
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56999FC2A2D20FD00" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[674,825,1003,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56999FC2A2D20FD00" box="[674,825,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. maritimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFBCF2AD0FD6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFBCF2F93FD2C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1038,1064]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56AA6FBCF2C83FD2C" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[413,666,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56AA6FBCF2C83FD2C" box="[413,666,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in large numbers on Indian bay leaf (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56FC4FBCF2EFCFD4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamala">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56FC4FBCF2EFCFD4F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Cinnamomum tamala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with at least one scale insect per leaf. The scale may restrict itself to higher altitudes on host plants belonging to
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56B8FFB972F33FD74" box="[180,298,1110,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
, the only family on which it has been recorded so far (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBAFFA568B0FB942AA4FD6B" author="Garcia Morales, M. &amp; Denno, B. D. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B." box="[907,1213,1109,1135]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" refId="ref13307" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 25 October 2021) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56F7AFB972A60FD6B" box="[1089,1145,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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