treatments-xml/data/43/2D/5F/432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD.xml
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<mods:title id="1867A318B5E36DF2D21C0EEACB093B74">Recent adventive soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0521887424E52F41B9A138F5C300CF2E">Dubey, Vinod Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="16B2CEFC6F27E693A48AB4062316CF9C">Department of Entomology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa Samastipur, Bihar 848125, India. &amp; vinodkumardubey 42 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4175 - 0468</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="762A3B4BFF15954A09F878A137774372">Sandeep, Angalakuditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E39CFE816ECDD01C840666363FB6DF27">Department of Agricultural Entomology, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India. &amp; sandeepa 9898 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6773 - 9526</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="069EA8EF5D5FAA7DB5D69D67B88C80FC">Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU PO, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. &amp; deepthy. kb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9376 - 3856</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7148761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACFD792FD3FBD7" ID-CoL="3R7MJ" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,458,696,723]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD792FD3FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,458,696,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD792F4CFBD7" bold="true" box="[151,341,696,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
De Lotto
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<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2CFAFA11" blockId="6.[151,739,765,789]" box="[151,739,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2CFAFA11" box="[151,739,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2C13FA11" author="De Lotto, G." box="[151,522,765,789]" page="208" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2C13FA11" ID-CoL="3R7MJ" authority="De Lotto 1965: 208" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,522,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2F20FA11" box="[151,313,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6A7BFD3C2C13FA11" author="De Lotto, G." box="[320,522,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="175 - 239" refId="ref13177" refString="De Lotto, G. (1965) On some Coccidae (Homoptera), chiefly from Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 16, 175 - 239." type="journal article" year="1965">De Lotto 1965: 208</bibRefCitation>
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; Ben Dov 1979: 319.
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFC822F64FA59" bold="true" box="[151,381,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB5FFAA6AB4FC822FF8FA59" box="[399,481,835,861]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFB5FFAA6AD4FC822C7CFA59" box="[495,613,835,861]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, Ponnampet, College of Forestry,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFB5FFAA6FB3FC852B15FA5A" box="[1160,1292,835,862]" degrees="75.9405" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="75.9405">E 75.9405°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6E7BFC822FFCFA85" authority="Gaertn." authorityName="Gaertn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicoccos">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6E7BFC822EE0FA85" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Psydrax dicoccos</emphasis>
Gaertn. (Rubiaceae)
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,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFB5FFAA6ACBFCA62C7BFA85" box="[496,610,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" value="2020-10-13">13.x.2020</date>
, Angalakuditi Sandeep and Vinodkumar Dubey coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFB5FFAA6F85FCA62B14FA86" box="[1214,1293,871,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFC4A2FB8FAA1" bold="true" box="[199,417,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6A8BFC4A2C1BFAA1" box="[432,514,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
): Adult female pale green, marginal and submarginal areas completely transparent, medial area opaque yellow, flat, anterior pointed, broadly rounded behind, broadest near anal plates; eyes black, prominent; anal plates yellowish brown; anal cleft and stigmatic clefts conspicuous, whitish yellow.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFC362C8FFD15" bold="true" box="[199,662,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=10): Body usually pyriform in outline (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F5BFC362AB6FD15" box="[1120,1199,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig.3q</figureCitation>
), often asymmetrical; stigmatic clefts shallow; anal cleft deep, about 1/4
<superScript id="3CF14335FFB5FFAA69EFFBDA2CF8FD2D" attach="left" box="[724,737,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">th</superScript>
body length. Marginal setae strongly spinose, with a broadly branched apex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6A7CFBFE2F8CFD5D" box="[327,405,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
) and a broad basal socket. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each containing 3 setae, all blunt; median seta slightly curved, with basal socket similar to a marginal seta, lateral setae very short and straight (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6FC2FBA22B50FD79" box="[1273,1353,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
) with a narrow basal socket. Anal cleft with sides adpressed but not fused. Dorsal setae each clavate (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F8AFB462B19FDA5" box="[1201,1280,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
) with a broad basal socket, arranged in a polygonal pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFB112B06FC7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFB112F38FDED" box="[199,289,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Pores oval, rimmed with a slit-like opening (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA681FFB0E2D61FDED" box="[804,888,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
). Preopercular pores each small and flat, circular to oval, with a granulate surface (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6936FB322C47FC09" box="[525,606,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), present in an elongate group anterior to anal plates, each pore associated with a pale areolation. Tubular ducts absent. Submarginal tubercles each convex and simple, present in a submarginal row (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6BEEFAFA2F3EFC51" box="[213,295,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
). Anal plates together kite shaped (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA69FBFAFA2D0DFC51" box="[704,788,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB5FFAA69CCFAFA2D0DFC51" box="[759,788,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) with anterolateral margin around 1.6 times longer than posterolateral margin. Dorsal surface of anal plates with 3 or 4 small apical or subapical setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F85FA9E2B08FC7D" box="[1214,1297,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFA452D58FF55" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFA452F16FC99" box="[199,271,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Venter</emphasis>
: Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA68FCFA422A0BFC99" box="[967,1042,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
) and 3 pairs of short setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6BA4FA662EF4FCC5" box="[159,237,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
). Multilocular pores mostly each with 5, 6 or 7 loculi (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6860FA662DB6FCC5" box="[859,943,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
), present in small groups on either side and around anterior margin of genital opening. Spiracular disc pores each with 5 loculi (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F02FA0A2A9DFCE1" box="[1081,1156,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3l</figureCitation>
). Legs distinctive; meso-and metathoracic leg coxae enlarged, each with an anterolateral cavity (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA68E9FA2E2A29FF0D" box="[978,1072,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB5FFAA6F32FA2E2A29FF0D" box="[1033,1072,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
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); claw digitules both broad and noticeably shorter than tarsal digitules (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA696BF9D22CBAFF29" box="[592,675,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3n</figureCitation>
). Antennae each with 6 segments (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F1FF9D22A6EFF29" box="[1060,1143,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3o</figureCitation>
). Labium surrounded by a group of ventral microducts on area around labium (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA69DBF9F62D2DFF55" box="[736,820,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3p</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCF99A2C46FE91" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCF99A2F42FF71" bold="true" box="[199,347,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Comparison</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6A51F99D2C3AFF71" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[362,547,1627,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="311 - 324" refId="ref13100" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1979) A taxonomic study of the soft-scale genus Kilifia (Coccidae). Systematic Entomology, 4, 311 - 324." type="journal article" year="1979">Ben-Dov (1979)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed description and illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6F66F99D2AFAFF71" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[1117,1251,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6F66F99D2AFAFF71" box="[1117,1251,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His description states that the species possesses 3036 preopercular pores, whereas the specimens examined in this study possessed 1526 preopercular pores. Similarly, the illustration by Ben-Dov indicates the presence of 5 dorsal submarginal tubercles on each side (though not mentioned in the description), but the specimens examined by us had 8 or 9 dorsal submarginal tubercles on each side (total 17 or 18). Previous to this study, only
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6F25F92D2B29FE01" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1054,1328,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6F25F92D2AAFFE01" box="[1054,1206,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. acuminata</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
had been reported from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB5FFAA6A01F8CE2F6DFE2D" box="[314,372,1807,1833]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6AB8F8CE2CD0FE2D" author="Joshi, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, A." box="[387,713,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="629 - 635" refId="ref14148" refString="Joshi, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, A. (2017) Silent foray of three soft scale insects in India. Current Science, 112, 629 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.18520 / cs / v 112 / i 03 / 629 - 635" type="journal article" year="2017">Joshi &amp; Rameshkumar 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA69E7F8CE2DBBFE2D" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[732,930,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA69E7F8CE2DBBFE2D" box="[732,930,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6FC9F8D12B60FE2D" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[1266,1401,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6FC9F8D12B60FE2D" box="[1266,1401,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of (characters of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6ACAF8F52C60FE49" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[497,633,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6ACAF8F52C60FE49" box="[497,633,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in the parentheses) (i) Legs without any tibio-tarsal spurs (each middle and hind leg with a membranous tibio-tarsal spur), (ii) the pore rim about half as wide as the socket of a dorsal seta (equal to diameter of socket).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAB6BFCF85E2F97F9FD" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCF85E2F94FEBD" bold="true" box="[199,397,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6A9AF85E2C43FEBD" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[417,602,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6A9AF85E2C43FEBD" box="[417,602,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far been recorded on species belonging to five plant families:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACF8022F26FED9" box="[151,319,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6A77F8052FDBFEDA" box="[332,450,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6AF4F8052C51FEDA" box="[463,584,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA696EF8022CCFFED9" box="[597,726,1987,2013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA682AF8022D67FED9" box="[785,894,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
. In this study it was found for the first time on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB6BACFF562F16F9B5" box="[151,271,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB6A07FF562FA3F9B5" box="[316,442,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicoccos">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB4FFAB6A07FF562FA3F9B5" box="[316,442,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">P. dicoccos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is an evergreen tree classified as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB4FFAB6BC7FF7A2F9CF9D1" author="IUCN" box="[252,389,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" refId="ref13943" refString="IUCN (2021) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version March 2021. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 29 December 2021)" type="url" year="2021">IUCN 2021</bibRefCitation>
), so our record of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB696FFF7A2CC3F9D1" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[596,730,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB4FFAB696FFF7A2CC3F9D1" box="[596,730,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB4FFAB69C4FF7A2D20F9D1" box="[767,825,187,213]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">India</collectingCountry>
should be considered important as a possible threat to this endangered plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>