treatments-xml/data/3F/96/CC/3F96CC47E690F60FACD3B92A29B4606B.xml

<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db3b4f9d-87ca-4661-a002-c868b7417878" ModsDocID="z01416p001" checkinTime="1247405641513" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Alexandre P. Marceniuk &amp; Naércio A. Menezes" docDate="2007" docId="3F96CC47E690F60FACD3B92A29B4606B" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Marceniuk_Menezes_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1416" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC65592-D8DB-41BE-AEAC-A41EAB6C6185" docTitle="Ariidae Bleeker" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="E3B79C8FF6B0B87BE406EA4948E96A3B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera." masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1677103743125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Alexandre P. Marceniuk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Naércio A. Menezes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1416</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6237134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100130448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6237134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F96CC47E690F60FACD3B92A29B4606B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F96CC47E690F60FACD3B92A29B4606B" lastPageNumber="121" pageNumber="111">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
[[ Family 
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6Q6" ID-ENA="31017" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae Bleeker</taxonomicName>
]]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="key">
<paragraph pageNumber="111">Identification key to genera</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">This key is based on the use of external morphological characters allowing for the identification of taxa without the need of osteological preparations. Being artificial, it has to be used from its beginning since generic identification can be reached through different entries.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">1. Maxillary barbel present ............................................................................................................................ 2</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
- Maxillary barbel absent .................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">2. Mental barbels present; maxillary barbel soft, fleshy along its entire length ............................................ 3</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
- Mental barbels absent; maxillary barbel hard, bony along its entire length ....................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">3. Two pairs of mental barbels; maxillary barbel cylindrical ........................................................................ 4</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
- A single pair of mental barbels; maxillary barbel compressed, tape-like ........................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">4. Cephalic shield clearly exposed, ornamented with grooves, ridges and granules, covered by a very thin layer of skin; anterior and median nuchal plates indistinct; posterior cleithral process and second dorsal process of cleithrum distinct and pointed .................................................................................................. 5</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
- Cephalic shield only slightly exposed, covered by musculature and thick skin; anterior and median nuchal plates conspicuous; posterior cleithral process and second dorsal process of cleithrum connected by a bony blade ................................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">5. Premaxillary and dentary with several rows of conical, viliform or molar-like teeth ............................... 6</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="111">
- Premaxillary and dentary teeth with a single row of incisiform teeth .......................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="112">6</pageStartToken>
. Adipose fin long, its base as long as anal-fin base .................................................................................... 7
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Adipose fin moderately long or short, its base no longer than one-half the length of anal-fin base ................................. 13</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">7. Anterior and median nuchal plates very reduced, forming a structure of semi-lunar aspect; posterior margin of occipital process concave; occipital process triangular shaped, moderately long and wide; accessory tooth plates bearing small conical teeth..................................................................................................... 8</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Anterior and median nuchal plates very large, square to pentagonal shaped; posterior margin of occipital process convex; occipital process round, very short and wide at base; accessory tooth plates large, bearing molar-like teeth ............................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">8. Tooth plates associated with vomer present .............................................................................................. 9</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Tooth plates associated with vomer absent.............................................................................................. 10</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
9. Posterior cleithral process very short; accessory tooth plates transversely elongated and narrow............... ..................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Posterior cleithral process moderately long; accessory tooth plates large, triangular, oval or round........... ........................................................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">10. Posterior cleithral process very long; posterior cranial fontanel long and narrow .................................. 11</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Posterior cleithral process short or moderately long; posterior cranial fontanel wide and oval.............. 12</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
11. Accessory tooth plates present..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Accessory tooth plates absent....................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
12. Fenestra limited by supraoccipital, pterotic and sphenotic present; posterior cranial fontanel very large; posterior cleithral process very short.................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Fenestra limited by supraoccipital, pterotic and sphenotic absent; posterior cranial fontanel large; posterior cleithral process moderately long ....................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">13. Accessory tooth plates bearing large molar-like teeth............................................................................. 14</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Teeth of the accessory tooth plates small or absent, when present conical or viliform ........................... 16</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">14. Adipose fin very short, its base less than one-half length of anal-fin base; medial groove of neurocranium limited by frontal bones and also on supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel very reduced or absent ..................................................................................... 15</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Adipose fin moderately long, its base about one-half as long as anal-fin base; medial groove of neurocranium mostly or exclusively on supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel conspicuous, long and narrow ... .............................................................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
15. Lateral line bifurcated at caudal region; posterior cleithral process moderately long................. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Lateral line not bifurcated at caudal region; posterior cleithral process very short..................... 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">16. Lateral line not bifurcated at caudal region ............................................................................................. 17</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Lateral line bifurcated at caudal region ................................................................................................... 28</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">17. Temporal fossa present; fontanel limited by lateral ethmoid and frontal well developed, moderate to large .................................................................................................................................................................. 18</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Temporal fossa absent; fontanel limited by lateral ethmoid and frontal very reduced or inconspicuous..... .......................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">18. Medial groove of neurocranium limited by frontal and/or supraoccipital, rudimentary or absent............................................................................................. 19</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Medial groove of neurocranium limited by frontal and/or supraoccipital, very distinct...................................................... 22</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">19. Posterior cleithral process very short; posterior cranial fontanel very large ........................................... 20</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">- Posterior cleithral process moderately long; posterior cranial fontanel moderate to large ..................... 21</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
20. Accessory tooth plates absent..................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Accessory tooth plates present.................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
21. Posterior cranial fontanel oval and well developed; mesethmoid moderately wide at region of anterior nostrils................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="112">
- Posterior cranial fontanel relatively long and narrow; mesethmoid very wide at region of anterior nostrils .................................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="113">22</pageStartToken>
. Epioccipital not invading dorsal portion of cephalic shield .................................................................... 23
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Epioccipital invading dorsal portion of cephalic shield ................................................................ 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">23. Adipose fin very short, its base less than one-half length of anal-fin base .............................................. 24</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">- Adipose fin moderately long, its length about half as long as anal-fin base ........................................... 25</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
24. Tooth plates associated with vomer present ............................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Tooth plates associated with vomer absent ................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">25. Posterior cleithral process moderately long; medial groove of neurocranium limited by frontal bones, but also on supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel reduced or absent or long and narrow ................................................................................... 26</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Posterior cleithral process very short; medial groove of neurocranium limited mainly by supraoccipital; posterior cranial fontanel very large and oval .......................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">26. Posterior cranial fontanel well developed, long and narrow ................................................................... 27</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Posterior cranial fontanel very reduced or absent ......................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
27. Tooth plates associated with vomer absent; accessory tooth plates very reduced or absent ..... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Tooth plates associated with vomer present; accessory tooth plates large .................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
28. Tooth plates associated with vomer absent; adipose fin moderately long, its length about half as long as anal-fin base ......................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
- Tooth plates associated with vomer present; adipose fin very short, its base less than one-half length of anal-fin base ..................................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
New classification of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
Family 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1862
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A4481AE-F0E5-42D2-ACF3-7DF9CF3D5876" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amissidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Amissidens Kailola 2004:125" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amissidens</taxonomicName>
Kailola, 2004
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amissidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hainesi">Amissidens hainesi</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phrygiatus">Amphiarius phrygiatus</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">Amphiarius rugispinis</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1732FC54-929C-4188-A10A-CCFA80243F73" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius acutirostris Day 1877:459" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">Arius acutirostris</taxonomicName>
Day, 1877 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">Arius africanus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1867 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6712D5A4-D579-46E8-A796-A94B804954ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cimex arenarius Linnaeus 1758:448" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenarius">Arius arenarius</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arius">Arius arius</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:387AB6C8-32C7-4647-B6B2-2FEEDA0DD0C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius brunellii Zolezzi 1939:168" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunellii">Arius brunellii</taxonomicName>
Zollezi, 1939 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B107A8F2-3FDB-4370-8F67-5779AD224D52" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius burmanicus Day 1870:618" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanicus">Arius burmanicus</taxonomicName>
Day, 1870 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0FC1BFA-4268-4955-BBF3-891B2146C227" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius caelatus Valenciennes 1840:66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caelatus">Arius caelatus</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CED2B565-E429-41CE-9CBE-0E52AEC8E35C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius dispar Herre 1926:405" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">Arius dispar</taxonomicName>
Herre, 1926
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A419FD3-25E1-4BA4-AA6E-DB645EDC7AD1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius festinus Ng &amp; Sparks 2003:5" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festinus">Arius festinus</taxonomicName>
Ng &amp; Sparks, 2003 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gagora">Arius gagora</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jatius">Arius jatius</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:89A86EA3-4818-4682-98CA-73AD9AB74F10" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius jella Day 1877:467" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jella">Arius jella</taxonomicName>
Day, 1877 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D1BFE7A-FC0D-4C27-8930-4E2128FB01E8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker 1849:11" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonotacanthus">Arius leptonotacanthus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1849 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BDA2203B-996E-4D76-97DA-634BC0A66247" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius macronotacanthus Bleeker 1846:159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macronotacanthus">Arius macronotacanthus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D55AA73E-E413-4E43-BA90-3FEEA3D94A01" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Opsarius maculatus McClelland 1839:417 (315)" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">Arius maculatus</taxonomicName>
(Thunberg, 1792)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FB0B3553-B6DA-48F8-BA0A-EE430A96E0DB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius madagascariensis Vaillant 1894:77 [10]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">Arius madagascariensis</taxonomicName>
Vaillant, 1894
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2670A62-7177-4747-8AF2-7F25A44FD480" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius malabaricus Day 1877:464" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">Arius malabaricus</taxonomicName>
Day, 1877 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D01FFDD2-64D7-4D43-87F8-8D5D3518DDF4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius manillensis Valenciennes 1840:93" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manillensis">Arius manillensis</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="113">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D72B4A2C-1A7F-49DF-9177-BF48174A1F67" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius microcephalus Bleeker 1855:423" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">Arius microcephalus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1855 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nenga">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="114">Arius</pageStartToken>
nenga
</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA9D32C3-1E1C-4754-B10F-F2A5CEE1BAF3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius oetik Bleeker 1846:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oetik">Arius oetik</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB2B156C-E046-4385-9D43-1B4EF7360156" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius subrostratus Valenciennes 1840:62" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrostratus">Arius subrostratus</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:321E951C-CD2E-41FB-AD79-DB67BD722248" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius uncinatus Ng &amp; Sparks 2003:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uncinatus">Arius uncinatus</taxonomicName>
Ng &amp; Sparks, 2003 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16F468F7-973A-4EF6-BC28-E729FBB42990" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius venosus Valenciennes 1840:69" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venosus">Arius venosus</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1898
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luniscutis">Aspistor luniscutis</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">Aspistor parkeri</taxonomicName>
(Traill, 1832)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
Cloquet, 1816
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bagre">Bagre bagre</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1766)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">Bagre marinus</taxonomicName>
(Mitchill, 1815)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Bagre panamensis</taxonomicName>
(Gill, 1863)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinnimaculatus">Bagre pinnimaculatus</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1876)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mino">Batrachocephalus mino</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
Herre, 1935
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nox">Brustiarius nox</taxonomicName>
(Herre, 1935)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">Brustiarius proximus</taxonomicName>
(Ogilby, 1898) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solidus">Brustiarius solidus</taxonomicName>
(Herre, 1935)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">Carlarius gigas</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1911) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heudelotii">Carlarius heudelotii</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latiscutatus">Carlarius latiscutatus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkii">Carlarius parkii</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
Jordan &amp; Gilbert, 1822
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agassizi">Cathorops agassizi</taxonomicName>
(Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguadulce">Cathorops aguadulce</taxonomicName>
(Meek, 1904)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenatus">Cathorops arenatus</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">Cathorops dasycephalus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuerthii">Cathorops fuerthii</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1877)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypophthalmus">Cathorops hypophthalmus</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1877)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:090C4B59-BBCA-4990-9037-1199BF77E283" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cathorops mapale Betancur-R. &amp; Acero P. 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mapale">Cathorops mapale</taxonomicName>
Betancur-R. &amp; Acero, 2005
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopus">Cathorops melanopus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiradiatus">Cathorops multiradiatus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spixii">Cathorops spixii</taxonomicName>
(Agassiz, 1829)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steindachneri">Cathorops steindachneri</taxonomicName>
(Gilbert &amp; Starks, 1904)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuyra">Cathorops tuyra</taxonomicName>
(Meek &amp; Hildebrand, 1923)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1858
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">Cephalocassis bleekeri</taxonomicName>
(Popta, 1900) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">Cephalocassis borneensis</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1851)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manillensis">Cephalocassis manillensis</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">Cephalocassis melanochir</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1852)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
Ogilby, 1898
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carinatus">Cinetodus carinatus</taxonomicName>
(Weber, 1913) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="froggatti">Cinetodus froggatti</taxonomicName>
(Ramsay &amp; Ogilby, 1886)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
Whitley, 1941
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danielsi">Cochlefelis danielsi</taxonomicName>
(Regan, 1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dioctes">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="115">Cochlefelis</pageStartToken>
dioctes
</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiator">Cochlefelis insidiator</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spatula">Cochlefelis spatula</taxonomicName>
(Ramsay &amp; Ogilby, 1886)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
Kailola, 2004
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daugueti">Cryptarius daugueti</taxonomicName>
(Chevey, 1932) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="truncatus">Cryptarius truncatus</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
Weber, 1913
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48A045F9-B4B8-4B9D-9C7A-556E8F725450" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys novaeguineae Weber 1913:534" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">Doiichthys novaeguineae</taxonomicName>
Weber, 1913
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:613CDEB2-1323-48E9-9D83-1C27FB2AA29A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys ater Castelnau 1861:62" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">Galeichthys ater</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1861
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58C97234-E78A-4304-B9DD-D26DB105CAE7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys feliceps Valenciennes 1840:29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feliceps">Galeichthys feliceps</taxonomicName>
Valenciennes, 1840
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7C707EF2-8D11-429D-A35A-F10556DB24B5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys peruvianus Lütken 1874:205 [16]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">Galeichthys peruvianus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
, 1874 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1855
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbus">Genidens barbus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lacépède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
, 1803)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genidens">Genidens genidens</taxonomicName>
(Cuvier, 1829)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB284F1A-E664-4618-8DE8-56774693865A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens machadoi Miranda-Ribeiro 1918:108" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="machadoi">Genidens machadoi</taxonomicName>
(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">Genidens planifrons</taxonomicName>
(Higuchi, Reis &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Araújo">Araujo</normalizedToken>
, 1982)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1847
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardenbergi">Hemiarius hardenbergi</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E49CE40A-EC84-4467-9D16-8E8DD59CD161" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius harmandi Sauvage 1880:230 [20]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harmandi">Hemiarius harmandi</taxonomicName>
Sauvage, 1880 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stormii">Hemiarius stormii</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1858)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">Hemiarius sumatranus</taxonomicName>
(Anonymous, 1830)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">Hemiarius verrucosus</taxonomicName>
(Ng, 2003) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1847
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:571AC91B-CC78-4F3E-AC73-C2BC5B63444B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus typus Bleeker 1847:9" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="typus">Ketengus typus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1847
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
Ogilby, 1898
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dayi">Nedystoma dayi</taxonomicName>
(Ramsay &amp; Ogilby, 1886)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
Ogilby, 1908
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armiger">Nemapteryx armiger</taxonomicName>
(De Vis, 1884)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1878
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augustus">Neoarius augustus</taxonomicName>
(Roberts, 1978) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berneyi">Neoarius berneyi</taxonomicName>
(Whitley, 1941) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graeffei">Neoarius graeffei</taxonomicName>
(Kner &amp; Steindachner, 1867)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midgleyi">Neoarius midgleyi</taxonomicName>
(Kailola &amp; Pierce, 1988)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">Neoarius pectoralis</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1858
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">Netuma bilineatus</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thalassinus">Netuma thalassinus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüppell">Rueppell</normalizedToken>
, 1837)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
Gill, 1863
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armbrusteri">Notarius armbrusteri</taxonomicName>
Betancur-R. &amp; Acero, 2006 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B6220E7-631A-47C2-B2FA-06A6A266F9E0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius biffi Betancur-R. &amp; Acero P. 2004:3" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biffi">Notarius biffi</taxonomicName>
Betancur-R. &amp; Acero, 2004 - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cookei">Notarius cookei</taxonomicName>
(Acero &amp; Betancur-R., 2002) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandicassis">Notarius grandicassis</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insculptus">Notarius insculptus</taxonomicName>
(Jordan &amp; Gilbert, 1883) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kessleri">Notarius kessleri</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1877) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lentiginosus">Notarius lentiginosus</taxonomicName>
(Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neogranatensis">Notarius neogranatensis</taxonomicName>
(Acero &amp; Betancur-R., 2002) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="116">Notarius</pageStartToken>
osculus
</taxonomicName>
(Jordan &amp; Gilbert, 1883) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">Notarius planiceps</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1877)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="troschelii">Notarius troschelii</taxonomicName>
(Gill, 1863)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
Bleeker, 1846
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="militaris">Osteogeneiosus militaris</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
Ogilby, 1898
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conorhynchus">Pachyula conorhynchus</taxonomicName>
(Weber, 1913) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassilabris">Pachyula crassilabris</taxonomicName>
(Ramsay &amp; Ogilby, 1886)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
Kailola, 2004
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyropleuron">Plicofollis argyropleuron</taxonomicName>
(Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crossocheilos">Plicofollis crossocheilos</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1846) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">Plicofollis dussumieri</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magatensis">Plicofollis magatensis</taxonomicName>
(Herre, 1926) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nella">Plicofollis nella</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">Plicofollis platystomus</taxonomicName>
(Day, 1877) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polystaphylodon">Plicofollis polystaphylodon</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1846)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuispinis">Plicofollis tenuispinis</taxonomicName>
(Day, 1877)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
Hubbs &amp; Miller, 1960
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">Potamarius grandoculis</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1877)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F0FD7B3-0F05-4A13-999F-F22EE539200C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius izabalensis Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:104" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="izabalensis">Potamarius izabalensis</taxonomicName>
Hubbs &amp; Miller, 1960
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">Potamarius nelsoni</taxonomicName>
(Evermann &amp; Goldsborough, 1902)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coatesi">Potamosilurus coatesi</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 1990) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">Potamosilurus latirostris</taxonomicName>
(Macleay, 1883)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">Potamosilurus macrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
(Weber, 1913)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">Potamosilurus robertsi</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 1990) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus">Potamosilurus velutinus</taxonomicName>
(Weber, 1907) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">Sciades assimilis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gùnther">Gunther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonillai">Sciades bonillai</taxonomicName>
(Miles, 1945)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="couma">Sciades couma</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dowii">Sciades dowii</taxonomicName>
(Gill, 1863) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23001896-466C-47FA-820E-9D5BC782C425" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Bagrus Sciades emphysetus Müller &amp; Troschel 1849:8" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emphysetus">Sciades emphysetus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1849
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felis">Sciades felis</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1766)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">Sciades guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herzbergii">Sciades herzbergii</taxonomicName>
(Bloch, 1794)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptaspis">Sciades leptaspis</taxonomicName>
(Bleeker, 1862)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mastersi">Sciades mastersi</taxonomicName>
(Ogilby, 1898) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passany">Sciades passany</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucus">Sciades paucus</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2000) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypogon">Sciades platypogon</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proops">Sciades proops</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagor">Sciades sagor</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seemanni">Sciades seemanni</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sona">Sciades sona</taxonomicName>
(Hamilton, 1822) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="116">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utarus">Sciades utarus</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 1990) - sedis mutabilis
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="discussion">
<paragraph pageNumber="117">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="117">Discussion</pageStartToken>
and comparison with previous classifications
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="117">
The results obtained in this study are of primary importance for the systematics and taxonomy of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
for a long time a matter of controversy and misunderstanding among ichthyologists worldwide. The characterization of the genera, definition of their limits and species composition has been a great challenge within the systematics of the Siluriformes. Presently about 130 species are recognized as valid, but many need to be better characterized taxonomically. The difficulties in recognizing species identity and monophyletic taxa are mainly due to the wide geographic distribution of the group and the overall similarity in the external morphology of their representatives coupled with lack of adequate series of specimens in museum collections. Thus studies aimed at more comprehensive approaches on systematics and phylogeny of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
have not been entirely successful because of the above mentioned constraints.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="117">
Recently Kailola (1990a, 2004), Betancur-R. &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mejía">Mejia</normalizedToken>
(2000), Betancur-R. (2003), Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004) and Betancur-R. et al. (2004) based on the cladistic method, presented a preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of part of the genera and species of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (1990a) in an unpublished doctoral thesis discussed the relationships and zoogeography of the marine catfishes from New Guinea and Australia and Betancur-R. &amp; Mejia (2000) and Betancur-R. (2003) did a similar study as part of the requirements for completion of the undergraduate program and a master’s dissertation respectively (not published) in Colombia and adjacent tropical waters. In both cases the authors examined only a geographically restricted subset of the recognized species and genera, limited to the areas above mentioned. Those studies included only a small number of species from African coasts, South America and Indian Ocean and did not redefine the complex genus 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
. The results obtained by Kailola (1990a) are essentially repeated in Kailola (2004) and the results obtained by Betancur-R. &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mejía">Mejia</normalizedToken>
(2000) are presented in Betancur-R. et al. (2004), but only part of the information contained in Betancur-R. (2003) is included in Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004). In an unpublished Ph.D. study, Marceniuk (2003) included the largest number of ariid species ever assembled from different geographic areas of the world and used a vast array of morphological characters to study the systematics and phylogeny of the group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="117">
The present work is based on the results obtained by Marceniuk (2003). All nominal genera are revised and redefined through exclusive osteological characters and a combination of internal and external morphological characters. Based on examination of the type-species the following genera are considered valid: 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
Cloquet 1816, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
. The genera 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
are considered valid through examination of species morphologically similar to the type-species. Representative material of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A4481AE-F0E5-42D2-ACF3-7DF9CF3D5876" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amissidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Amissidens Kailola 2004:125" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amissidens</taxonomicName>
species-type was not examined and the genus is recognized exclusively on the basis of evidences presented by Kailola (2004). 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
are described as new genera. The nominal genera 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F30A9672-BDAE-4694-B82B-6C06D9B1E659" family="Ariidae" genus="Ailurichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ailurichthys Baird &amp; Girard 1854:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ailurichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21BBF6E5-9796-416A-A3E0-90119899F5D1" family="Ariidae" genus="Anemanotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Anemanotus Ailurichthys Fowler 1944:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anemanotus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
Oken 1817, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6EAC92AA-55E5-4A13-9C48-32F88B2F2EF3" family="Ariidae" genus="Felichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Felichthys Swainson 1839:305" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Felichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64BFC798-9361-4144-9ECE-899A53AC65B4" family="Siluridae" genus="Glanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Glanis Agassiz 1829:46" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Glanis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:511E039C-2094-4E5B-90E5-6B9C0D4AB9BC" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Guiritinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guiritinga Bleeker 1858:62, 67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guiritinga</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE3A0ECA-5C8C-413B-AA66-B1A4A3B06E38" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipimelodus Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipimelodus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A670F504-E2B7-4B8C-A11D-AEE520947C6D" family="Ariidae" genus="Pseudarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudarius Bleeker 1862:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudarius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BABD2EAA-4656-4CC4-A2F3-7681419E874E" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciadeichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sciadeichthys Bleeker 1858:62, 66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sciadeichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E63D2880-67CD-4DA3-A538-E751BBC733AC" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciadeops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sciadeops Sciades Fowler 1944:211" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sciadeops</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598ECE17-6151-4F18-A8E3-0D1452C29FF4" family="Ariidae" genus="Selenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Selenaspis Bleeker 1858:62, 66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Selenaspis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EA9FF990-1CD3-4852-B492-3791D2F0A3D2" family="Ariidae" genus="Septobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Septobranchus Hardenberg 1941:223" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Septobranchus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:294D3CCD-D51D-4F9E-BC74-4B7E2D6E6399" authority="Minding, 1832" authorityName="Minding" authorityYear="1832" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Stearopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Stearopterus Minding 1832:116" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stearopterus</taxonomicName>
are considered junior synonyms based on examination of the type-species and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44082751-91BF-41CF-8536-02481BA16965" family="Ariidae" genus="Leptarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptarius Gill 1863:170" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptarius</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03535822-03C9-4CD8-BBF7-0F758F9073B5" authority="Whitley, 1940" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pararius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pararius Tachysurus Whitley 1940:409" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pararius</taxonomicName>
are considered junior synonyms based on examination of the type-species not cleared and stained. 
<taxonomicName family="Ariidae" genus="Ariodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariodes</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44F77B5F-B705-4954-961F-6BE767751898" family="Ariidae" genus="Tetranesodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Tetranesodon Weber 1913:545" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tetranesodon</taxonomicName>
are considered junior synonyms based on data presented by Kailola (2004). 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F1CB13C-B6E4-4C6D-BDE1-C84D2BF086B5" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Breviceps" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Breviceps Swainson 1838:328, 343" order="Anura" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Breviceps</taxonomicName>
Swainson, 1838 and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08511A42-7108-46D1-B0C0-408F66351D4B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Mystus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Mystus Gray 1854:155" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mystus</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1854 are junior homonyms of names available for the genus-group and thus rejected. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69E77BA0-BDB8-41AD-B4AB-5A4122755AE4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Catastoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Catastoma Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt 1840:60" order="Agaricales" pageNumber="117" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Catastoma</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06A72CA9-CC96-4F04-9DC2-10A1DF07EEA0" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Sarcogenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sarcogenys Bleeker, Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt 1858:96" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sarcogenys</taxonomicName>
are considered nomina nuda and designated as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
, in agreement with Kailola (2004). Glanide is not a Latin name and was not considered. The nominal genera 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D549002E-046F-4E48-8F4E-EA5F68AFC2CE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anchariidae" genus="Ancharius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ancharius Steindachner 1880:251" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ancharius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC29BBBA-D313-423F-AFF8-7E6E2091CB7E" family="Ariidae" genus="Paradiplomystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Paradiplomystes Bleeker 1862:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paradiplomystes</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6AFF212F-BC74-4CC4-9833-62832A9228DA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Tachysurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Tachysurus Lacépède 1803:150" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tachysurus</taxonomicName>
, previously included in the family are not recognized as members of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageNumber="118" pageNumber="117">
The new classification proposed contains many modifications in relation to previous ones and the status of nominal genera as well as species composition are in many instances entirely changed. The species treated 
<pageStartToken pageNumber="118">as</pageStartToken>
sedis mutabilis (see New classification of the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
) were not examined and their inclusion in the respective genera is preliminary. In this section conflicts between the new and previous classifications are discussed and brief considerations about former concepts of genera and species composition are made. Classifications proposed by Kailola (2004), Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004) and Betancur-R. et al. (2004) based on recognition of genera as monophyletic units as well as more recent and historically important classifications are discussed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="118">
The genera 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A4481AE-F0E5-42D2-ACF3-7DF9CF3D5876" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amissidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Amissidens Kailola 2004:125" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amissidens</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4453B6E6-6001-42AB-8D66-002DF12E8C99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptarius Kailola 2004:134" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptarius</taxonomicName>
are considered valid and the species included in them are those recognized by Kailola (2004). Previously 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="truncatus">C. truncatus</taxonomicName>
was included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Burgess, 1989; Kottelat et al, 1993; Rainboth, 1996; Martin-Smith &amp; Tan, 1998; Kailola, 1999; Tan &amp; Ng, 2000; Kailola, 2000a; Ng, 2003) and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cryptarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daugueti">C. daugueti</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE3A0ECA-5C8C-413B-AA66-B1A4A3B06E38" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipimelodus Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipimelodus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Désoutter">Desoutter</normalizedToken>
, 1977; Rainboth, 1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiarius</taxonomicName>
is a 
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
established to accommodate 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">A. rugispinis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phrygiatus">A. phrygiatus</taxonomicName>
previously included in a distinct genus not formally named by Marceniuk (2003). In Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris (2003) these two species were preliminary included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
, following Taylor &amp; Menezes (1977), Burgess (1989), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cervigôn">Cervigon</normalizedToken>
(1992), Le Bail et al. (2000), Camargo &amp; Isaac (2001) and Acero (2003), decision also chosen by Kailola (2004) who examined only 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">A. rugispinis</taxonomicName>
, but suggested that they could be part of a separate genus she never designated. Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004), however, considered 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">A. rugispinis</taxonomicName>
to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
based on mitochondrial information.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="118">
One of the major problems in ariid systematics has been the delimitation of the genus 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
. It has been considered a very inclusive genus where ariid species not clearly defined were preliminary accommodated in the past. Kailola (1999) and Acero (2003) recognized 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
as a non monophyletic assemblage pointing out the enormous difficulty in defining the genus. Recent attempts to bring ariid generic concepts to a better understanding using phylogenetic systematics (Kailola, 2004; Betancur-R. &amp; Acero, 2004) did not consider all the species tentatively included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
to circumscribe the genus or to define its monophyletic condition. As defined in the present study 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
is senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName family="Ariidae" genus="Ariodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariodes</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A670F504-E2B7-4B8C-A11D-AEE520947C6D" family="Ariidae" genus="Pseudarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudarius Bleeker 1862:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudarius</taxonomicName>
and include twenty one species occurring from eastern Africa and western Madagascar to south and southeast Asia. All the included species can be easily told apart from the remaining ariid species occurring in the Americas, New Guinea and Australia by the typical bifurcation of the lateral line at the caudal region reaching the bases of the upper and lower caudal-fin lobes (versus lateral line simple, not bifurcated at the caudal region reaching or not the bases of the upper caudal-fin lobe) except for the species of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
in which, however, there are one pair of mental barbels (versus two pairs in the 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
species). 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
species are different from ariid species belonging to Indian Ocean genera by having the adipose fin of moderate length, about half as long as the anal fin (versus adipose fin short, less than half the length of the anal fin, characteristic of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
), maxillary barbels present and always developed (versus maxillary barbels absent in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
and rudimentary in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
) and mental barbels present (versus mental barbels absent in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
). The apomorphic or plesiomorphic condition of these characters as well as monophyly of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
will be discussed in Marceniuk &amp; Menezes (in preparation). In the present work only morphological features that are useful to distinguish the species of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
from the species of the remaining genera are emphasized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="118">
In 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
we recognize 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luniscutis">A. luniscutis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">A. parkeri</taxonomicName>
. Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004) without examining the type-species, considered 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
, admitting that 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">Aspistor parkeri</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:700A93F3-4D79-4616-BDD1-EBCA0188F922" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius quadriscutis Valenciennes 1840:111" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadriscutis">Arius quadriscutis</taxonomicName>
) would be the basal most species within 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
, a condition that would justify its recognition as subgenus. Kailola (2004), based on data in Acero &amp; Betancur-R. (2002a, 2002b) and Aguilera &amp; de Aguilera (2004), recognized 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
as valid and included in it eight species from South and Central America and one from New Guinea. In her phylogenetic analysis she examined only 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC13A0A9-DEBA-416F-BCDE-1C9453D6D024" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius hardenbergi Kailola 2000:137" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardenbergi">Arius hardenbergi</taxonomicName>
Kailola, 2000 considered in the present study to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
. The remaining species included by Kailola (2004) in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:347CE897-3860-4DA6-85B8-033B2318B81A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Aspistor Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898:2763" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aspistor</taxonomicName>
, except 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luniscutis">A. luniscutis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">A. parkeri</taxonomicName>
are herein considered to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
. In older classifications 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luniscutis">A. luniscutis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">A. parkeri</taxonomicName>
are 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
species (Taylor &amp; Menezes, 1977; Burgess, 1989; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cervigôn">Cervigon</normalizedToken>
, 1992; Le Bail et al, 2000; Camargo &amp; Isaac, 2001; Acero, 2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageNumber="119" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
Cloquet, 1816 is senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bagre</taxonomicName>
Oken, 1817, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64BFC798-9361-4144-9ECE-899A53AC65B4" family="Siluridae" genus="Glanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Glanis Agassiz 1829:46" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Glanis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:294D3CCD-D51D-4F9E-BC74-4B7E2D6E6399" authority="Minding, 1832" authorityName="Minding" authorityYear="1832" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Stearopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Stearopterus Minding 1832:116" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stearopterus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F1CB13C-B6E4-4C6D-BDE1-C84D2BF086B5" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Breviceps" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Breviceps Swainson 1838:328, 343" order="Anura" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Breviceps</taxonomicName>
non Merrem
<pageStartToken pageNumber="119">,</pageStartToken>
1820, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6EAC92AA-55E5-4A13-9C48-32F88B2F2EF3" family="Ariidae" genus="Felichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Felichthys Swainson 1839:305" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Felichthys</taxonomicName>
(replacement for 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F1CB13C-B6E4-4C6D-BDE1-C84D2BF086B5" class="Amphibia" family="Brevicipitidae" genus="Breviceps" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Breviceps Swainson 1838:328, 343" order="Anura" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Breviceps</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F30A9672-BDAE-4694-B82B-6C06D9B1E659" family="Ariidae" genus="Ailurichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ailurichthys Baird &amp; Girard 1854:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ailurichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08511A42-7108-46D1-B0C0-408F66351D4B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Mystus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Mystus Gray 1854:155" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mystus</taxonomicName>
non Scopoli, 1777 and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21BBF6E5-9796-416A-A3E0-90119899F5D1" family="Ariidae" genus="Anemanotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Anemanotus Ailurichthys Fowler 1944:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anemanotus</taxonomicName>
following previous classifications (Castro-Aguirre et al., 1999; Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris, 2003; Kailola, 2004). Very little changes have occurred in the species composition of the genus. In older publications the species were included either in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6EAC92AA-55E5-4A13-9C48-32F88B2F2EF3" family="Ariidae" genus="Felichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Felichthys Swainson 1839:305" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Felichthys</taxonomicName>
(Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1896; Eigenmann, 1912; Meek &amp; Hildebrand, 1923; Fowler, 1951) or in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F30A9672-BDAE-4694-B82B-6C06D9B1E659" family="Ariidae" genus="Ailurichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ailurichthys Baird &amp; Girard 1854:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ailurichthys</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864; Jordan &amp; Gilbert, 1883; Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1890; Regan, 1907) with the list of species included remaining essentially the same except for those herein considered as junior synonyms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8968D59-B441-4D26-BC5F-B90032C1F1D1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Batrachocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Batrachocephalus Bleeker 1846:176" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Batrachocephalus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B824B602-4F87-4771-B334-61385645D6C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ketengus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ketengus Bleeker 1847:167" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ketengus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7EFF0E2C-627F-4985-9DCA-5178DA9034F3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Osteogeneiosus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Osteogeneiosus Bleeker 1846:173" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Osteogeneiosus</taxonomicName>
are considered valid as previously recognized by several authors (Jayaram &amp; Dhanze, 1978; Jayaram, 1982, 1884; Jayaram &amp; Dhanze, 1986; Talwar &amp; Jhingran, 1991; Kottelat et al., 1993; Manilo &amp; Bogorodsky, 2003; Kailola, 2004). The condition of monospecific genera is maintained due to the presence of a large number of exclusive characters in the respective type-species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
is considered senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03535822-03C9-4CD8-BBF7-0F758F9073B5" authority="Whitley, 1940" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pararius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pararius Tachysurus Whitley 1940:409" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pararius</taxonomicName>
and includes 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nox">B. nox</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">B. proximus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solidus">B. solidus</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (2004) recognized the monophyly of the genus, but did not include 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">B. proximus</taxonomicName>
that was considered to belong in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
, whereas 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03535822-03C9-4CD8-BBF7-0F758F9073B5" authority="Whitley, 1940" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1940" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pararius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pararius Tachysurus Whitley 1940:409" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pararius</taxonomicName>
was designated junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
. In previous classifications 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
was considered junior synonym or subgenus of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
in which the species now in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
were included (Burgess, 1989; Kailola, 1990b, 1999, 2000b; Allen, 1991; Allen et al., 1992; Larson &amp; Williams, 1997; Hutchins, 2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
The ariid species from the African west coast formerly included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Fowler, 1936; Taylor, 1986, 1990; Burgess, 1989; Daget, 1992) are allocated into a new genus named 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Carlarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carlarius</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
The species composition of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
proposed by Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris (2003) is maintained, including 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycephalus">C. dasycephalus</taxonomicName>
, recently referred to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Bussing &amp; Lopez, 1994; Kailola &amp; Bussing, 1995; Betancur-R., 2003) or to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
(Nelson et al., 2004). Evidences that 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
is monophyletic are presented by Marceniuk (1997) based on the study of most species of the genus and this was confirmed by Betancur-R. et al. (2004) and Kailola (2004) although examining a restricted number of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
is recognized as senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE3A0ECA-5C8C-413B-AA66-B1A4A3B06E38" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipimelodus Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipimelodus</taxonomicName>
and includes 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">C. bleekeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">C. borneensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manillensis">C. manillensis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">C. melanochir</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (2004) agrees with the synonymy, but considers 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
represented only by 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borneensis">C. borneensis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">C. melanochir</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">C. bleekeri</taxonomicName>
is included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
by Kailola (2004). 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE3A0ECA-5C8C-413B-AA66-B1A4A3B06E38" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipimelodus Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipimelodus</taxonomicName>
, however, is considered valid by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Désoutter">Desoutter</normalizedToken>
(1977), Jayaram &amp; Dhanze (1978), Jayaram (1982), Burgess (1989) and Roberts (1989).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
are considered valid based on characters present in the respective type-species. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
is represented by 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carinatus">C. carinatus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="froggatti">C. froggatti</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
by 
<taxonomicName authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassilabris">P. crassilabris</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conorhynchus">P. conorhynchus</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (2004) recognized 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
synonyms and included all the species mentioned above in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
, but in Kailola’s phylogenetic analysis 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
is considered paraphyletic not justifying the inclusion of the species in a single genus and contradicting this synonymy. The species herein included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
were considered sister-species by Kailola (2004), a condition that would make the two genera valid (Marceniuk, 2003). The nominal genus 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44F77B5F-B705-4954-961F-6BE767751898" family="Ariidae" genus="Tetranesodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Tetranesodon Weber 1913:545" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tetranesodon</taxonomicName>
considered synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E024180-3250-46F3-A751-1D583938D54E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cinetodus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cinetodus Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cinetodus</taxonomicName>
by Kailola (2004), is recognized by us as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D469DDD6-F17E-4DEB-99B7-0C54A27687E2" authority="Ogilby, 1898" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Pachyula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pachyula Ogilby 1898:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pachyula</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
includes four species from southern New Guinea and northern Australia. The recognition of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danielsi">C. danielsi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spatula">C. spatula</taxonomicName>
is in agreement with previous classifications (Roberts, 1978; Allen, 1991; Kailola, 2004). However, including 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dioctes">C. dioctes</taxonomicName>
formerly considered to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Ng, 2003) or in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2004) and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiator">C. insidiator</taxonomicName>
, previously in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
(Kailola, 2004), represents a new arrangement. Kailola (2004) also included 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B107A8F2-3FDB-4370-8F67-5779AD224D52" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius burmanicus Day 1870:618" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanicus">Arius burmanicus</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
considered by us to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dayi">Nedystoma dayi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48A045F9-B4B8-4B9D-9C7A-556E8F725450" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys novaeguineae Weber 1913:534" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">Doiichthys novaeguineae</taxonomicName>
have been considered sister-species by Marceniuk (2003), a conclusion also reached by Kailola (2004) who considered 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F589893C-76A9-4820-A8B9-B794837B3FB9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nedystoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nedystoma Ogilby 1898:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nedystoma</taxonomicName>
senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3EF9A59B-2473-44CF-BB0F-3846968A6AB8" family="Ariidae" genus="Doiichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Doiichthys Weber 1913:532" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doiichthys</taxonomicName>
. In the present paper the two genera are not considered synonyms. The respective type-species possess a large number of exclusive characters justifying their monospecific condition as previously recognized (Roberts, 1978; Burgess, 1989; Allen, 1991).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="120">Galeichthys</pageStartToken>
</taxonomicName>
includes 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:613CDEB2-1323-48E9-9D83-1C27FB2AA29A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys ater Castelnau 1861:62" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">G. ater</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="felis">G. felis</taxonomicName>
from South Africa and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7C707EF2-8D11-429D-A35A-F10556DB24B5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys peruvianus Lütken 1874:205 [16]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">G. peruvianus</taxonomicName>
from the Peruvian coast in the Pacific Ocean, following previous classifications (Hildebrand, 1946; Taylor, 1986, 1990; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pequeño">Pequeno</normalizedToken>
, 1989; Bianchi et al, 1993; Kailola &amp; Bussing, 1995; Chirichigno &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vélez">Velez</normalizedToken>
, 1998, Castro-Aguirre et al, 1999; Marceniuk&amp; Ferraris, 2003; Heemstra &amp; Heemstra, 2004; Nelson et al., 2004; Kailola, 2004). The species from east and west American coasts attributed to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4781B086-6A2E-487B-8D97-1D1A856A235A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Galeichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Galeichthys Valenciennes 1840:28" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galeichthys</taxonomicName>
by Regan (1907) and Meek &amp; Hildebrand (1923) are included in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cathorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cathorops</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
was established and remained until very recently as a monospecific genus. As defined in this study it is senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:511E039C-2094-4E5B-90E5-6B9C0D4AB9BC" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Guiritinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guiritinga Bleeker 1858:62, 67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guiritinga</taxonomicName>
and also includes 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbus">Genidens barbus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifions">G. planifions</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB284F1A-E664-4618-8DE8-56774693865A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens machadoi Miranda-Ribeiro 1918:108" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="machadoi">G. machadoi</taxonomicName>
following Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris (2003) and Marceniuk (2005a, 2005b). In previous classifications 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbus">G. barbus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifions">G. planifions</taxonomicName>
were part of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
(Figueiredo &amp; Menezes, 1978; Higuchi et al., 1982; Burgess &amp; Finley, 1996; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pequeño">Pequeno</normalizedToken>
, 1997; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
et al., 2002). Higuchi et al. (1982) questioned the inclusion of these species in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
hoping that in future systematic studies the name 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:511E039C-2094-4E5B-90E5-6B9C0D4AB9BC" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Guiritinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guiritinga Bleeker 1858:62, 67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guiritinga</taxonomicName>
would be resurrected. Apparently Higuchi et al. (1982) expectations motivated Kailola (2004) to recognize 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:511E039C-2094-4E5B-90E5-6B9C0D4AB9BC" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Guiritinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guiritinga Bleeker 1858:62, 67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guiritinga</taxonomicName>
to accommodate 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbus">Genidens barbus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifions">G. planifions</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:511E039C-2094-4E5B-90E5-6B9C0D4AB9BC" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Guiritinga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guiritinga Bleeker 1858:62, 67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Guiritinga</taxonomicName>
is not recognized by Kailola (2004) as a monophyletic group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
is considered a valid genus for 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardenbergi">H. hardenbergi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E49CE40A-EC84-4467-9D16-8E8DD59CD161" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius harmandi Sauvage 1880:230 [20]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harmandi">H. harmandi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stormii">H. stormii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">H. sumatranus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">H. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (2004) based on the examination of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stormii">H. stormii</taxonomicName>
and two other species herein included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B293B6B1-C1F8-4EA8-AA70-87E0EF542E48" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cochlefelis Whitley 1941:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cochlefelis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dioctes">C. dioctes</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cochlefelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiator">C. insidiator</taxonomicName>
) considered 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
monophyletic. 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">Hemiarius verrucosus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandicassis">Notarius grandicassis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sona">Sciades sona</taxonomicName>
were additionally included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
by Kailola (2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
Our analysis indicates that 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
is monospecific. Kailola (2004) includes in this genus five species herein allocated to the genera 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57F8F227-2C96-4E3F-B4D1-3CDE8E5DE40F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1857:473" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalocassis</taxonomicName>
. As revealed by the topology of the consensus cladogram presented by Kailola (2004), the genus cannot be considered monophyletic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A465F2E2-3CB7-445A-A792-A01BE7E8F95E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neoarius Castelnau 1878:237" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neoarius</taxonomicName>
is resurrected and includes 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augustus">N. augustus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berneyi">N. berneyi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graeffei">N. graeffei</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="midgleyi">N. midgleyi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectoralis">N. pectoralis</taxonomicName>
all restricted to southern New Guinea and northern Australia. With exception of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Neoarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augustus">N. augustus</taxonomicName>
, included by Kailola (2004) in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BD940A7-0AA1-4F57-B0A5-9D295A651224" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Nemapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemapteryx Ogilby 1908:3, 10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemapteryx</taxonomicName>
, the other species were considered by her to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Bagre" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thalassinus">Bagre thalassinus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüppell">Rueppell</normalizedToken>
, 1837 distributed from eastern Africa, south and southeast Asia to New Guinea and northern Australia (Kailola, 1986) is the type-species of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
. As defined by Kailola (2004) 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
included 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">N. bilineatus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8461EED-73DD-4FE5-AD5E-55E0BFD21D4A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius proximus Ogilby 1898:280" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">Arius proximus</taxonomicName>
(herein included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A7D104C-F38B-4AFB-8C4A-A3838C172BB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Brustiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brustiarius Arius Herre 1935:388" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brustiarius</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thalassinus">N. thalassinus</taxonomicName>
and is not monophyletic. In the present work only the species from the Indo-Pacific should be included in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
following Taylor (1986), Hutchins (2001) and Kailola (2004). The inclusion of species from the Western South Atlantic belonging to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7B154F-0B6B-4A8C-A4DD-2EBF83B9C00A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Genidens" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Genidens Castelnau 1855:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Genidens</taxonomicName>
(Figueiredo &amp; Menezes, 1978; Higuchi et al., 1982) and from the eastern and western American coasts belonging to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
(Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1898; Gilbert &amp; Starks, 1904; Starks, 1906; Meek &amp; Hildebrand, 1923) is not corroborated by us. 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69E77BA0-BDB8-41AD-B4AB-5A4122755AE4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Catastoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Catastoma Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt 1840:60" order="Agaricales" pageNumber="120" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Catastoma</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06A72CA9-CC96-4F04-9DC2-10A1DF07EEA0" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Sarcogenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sarcogenys Bleeker, Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt 1858:96" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sarcogenys</taxonomicName>
are considered nomina nuda and junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Netuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Netuma</taxonomicName>
as demonstrated by Kailola (2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
is valid (Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris, 2003; Betancur-R. &amp; Acero, 2004) in disagreement with Kailola (2004) who recognizes 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F1F6AF2-6F38-42C0-9C82-C1468F19FAF0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiarius Bleeker 1862:7, 29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiarius</taxonomicName>
. The species composition of the genus, however, differs from that presented by Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004) by not including 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Amphiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugispinis">Amphiarius rugispinis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Aspistor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">Aspistor parkeri</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:700A93F3-4D79-4616-BDD1-EBCA0188F922" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius quadriscutis Valenciennes 1840:111" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadriscutis">Arius quadriscutis</taxonomicName>
) and adding 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">Notarius osculus</taxonomicName>
, considered by Betancur-R. &amp; Acero (2004) as of uncertain status and included in previous classifications in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Burgess, 1989; Bussing &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
, 1994; Kailola &amp; Bussing, 1995; Acero &amp; Betancur-R., 2002a) or 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
(Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris, 2003). The nominal genus 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E63D2880-67CD-4DA3-A538-E751BBC733AC" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciadeops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sciadeops Sciades Fowler 1944:211" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sciadeops</taxonomicName>
, recognized as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
by Kailola (2004), is considered junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:086E7B0F-D030-44BD-9DCC-8CAEB178CBAA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Notarius Gill 1863:171" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Notarius</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="120">
Kailola (2004) described 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
in which 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyropleuron">P. argyropleuron</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crossocheilos">P. crossocheilos</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">P. dussumieri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="layardi">P. layardi</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C63D9531-A516-4BB2-9B1D-74AD8B3063A2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius tenuispinis Day 1877:466" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuispinis">Arius tenuispinis</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nella">P. nella</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polystaphilodon">P. polystaphilodon</taxonomicName>
were included. We added into the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platystomus">P. platystomus</taxonomicName>
that share with the other species of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AE6B6D0-01A8-43E7-9505-E6855D1FC99A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Plicofollis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Plicofollis Kailola 2004:141" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plicofollis</taxonomicName>
a unique combination of characters considered apomorphic by Marceniuk (2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageNumber="121" pageNumber="120">
Two species entirely confined to the freshwaters of North and Central America were allocated in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
, a genus originally described by Hubbs &amp; Miller (1960). Its type-species was previously included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BC2C5636-9315-4F8C-85D2-073F5A346CEC" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Conorhynchus Bleeker 1863:12" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageStartToken pageNumber="121">Conorhynchus</pageStartToken>
</taxonomicName>
of the family 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pimelodidae</taxonomicName>
(Meek, 1904; Regan 1907). 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">Potamarius grandoculis</taxonomicName>
was considered to belong in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
by Figueiredo &amp; Menezes (1978) and in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
by Burgess (1989), but its inclusion in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAD7809B-5174-4F77-B9AC-2359BB91181F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamarius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Potamarius Hubbs &amp; Miller 1960:101" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamarius</taxonomicName>
is in agreement with previous classifications proposed by Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris (2003) and Marceniuk, (2005b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamosilurus</taxonomicName>
is herein created for the species occurring exclusively in freshwater in New Guinea. 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coatesi">P. coatesi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">P. latirostris</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">P. macrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">P. robertsi</taxonomicName>
are found in south-draining rivers and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velutinus">P. velutinus</taxonomicName>
in north-draining rivers of New Guinea. With exception of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Potamosilurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">P. macrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
, recognized as incertae sedis, the remaining species were included in 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
by Kailola (2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BABD2EAA-4656-4CC4-A2F3-7681419E874E" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciadeichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sciadeichthys Bleeker 1858:62, 66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sciadeichthys</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598ECE17-6151-4F18-A8E3-0D1452C29FF4" family="Ariidae" genus="Selenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Selenaspis Bleeker 1858:62, 66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Selenaspis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44082751-91BF-41CF-8536-02481BA16965" family="Ariidae" genus="Leptarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptarius Gill 1863:170" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptarius</taxonomicName>
are synonyms of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
, but have been recently considered either valid or placed in the synonymy of genera other than 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
(Roberts, 1989; Kailola, 1990a; Castro-Aguirre et al., 1999; Acero, 2003; Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris, 2003; Betancur-R. et al., 2004; Kailola, 2004). In this study the species belonging to 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7E77C5-A476-46EF-A160-CBAF0EC843ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Ariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ariopsis Gill 1861:56" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ariopsis</taxonomicName>
(Acero, 2003; Kailola, 2004, in part), 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598ECE17-6151-4F18-A8E3-0D1452C29FF4" family="Ariidae" genus="Selenaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Selenaspis Bleeker 1858:62, 66" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Selenaspis</taxonomicName>
(Acero, 2003; Betancur-R. et al., 2004; Kailola, 2004) and 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D572B-79ED-4DBD-84EC-A10E3E7E748C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Arius Valenciennes 1840:53" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arius</taxonomicName>
(Betancur-R. et al., 2004, in part) are all included in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
based on the possession of the following exclusive characters within the 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ariidae</taxonomicName>
: otic capsules little developed; space between transcapular process and otic capsule very wide; temporal fossa very reduced or entirely closed; subvertebral process indistinct or little differentiated. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
was considered valid by Castro-Aguirre et al. (1999), whereas Marceniuk &amp; Ferraris (2003) recognized this genus as probably senior synonym of 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16E97498-AAE2-424A-B158-8DE52FB40A5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hexanematichthys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hexanematichthys Bleeker 1858:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hexanematichthys</taxonomicName>
. Kailola (2004) recognized 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciades</taxonomicName>
based exclusively on examination of the type-species, considered by her sister-species of 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemiarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardenbergi">Hemiarius hardenbergi</taxonomicName>
, additionally adding into the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="couma">S. couma</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68749DC8-2D9D-4BF5-B296-8E52AA0A3CCA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus herzbergii Bloch 1794:33" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">S. herzbergii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dowii">S. dowii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:17BCC409-3B99-4243-B6AA-5DB7842D780C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus parkeri Traill 1832:380" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">S. parkeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="passany">S. passany</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proops">S. proops</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Notarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="troschelii">Notarius troschelii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>