treatments-xml/data/1E/AB/64/1EAB6478D218722FBE0AE92FED7A1388.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4946b3cb-1ed4-4d61-a8ef-d7f41d57f5e1" ID-PMC="PMC4611744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-56-7" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" ID-PubMed="26491382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576308" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2003-56-7" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)" checkinTime="1553125408466" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zuntini, Alexandre R., Taylor, Charlotte M. &amp; Lohmann, Lucia G." docDate="2015" docId="1EAB6478D218722FBE0AE92FED7A1388" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 56: 7-18" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 56" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423" docTitle="Bignonia sanctae-crucis Zuntini 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0" masterDocTitle="Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668141467700" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Problematic specimens turn out to be two undescribed species of Bignonia (Bignoniaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zuntini, Alexandre R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Taylor, Charlotte M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lohmann, Lucia G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>56</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>7</mods:start>
<mods:end>18</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-56-7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB73609961D75246129906DFFEAFFC0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576308</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1EAB6478D218722FBE0AE92FED7A1388" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EAB6478D218722FBE0AE92FED7A1388" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="1EAB6478-D218-722F-BE0A-E92FED7A1388" authority="Zuntini" authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis" status="sp. nov.">Bignonia sanctae-crucis Zuntini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
Bolivia. Santa Cruz: Prov. Ichilo. El Carmen (8 km al SSW de Buena Vista), tramo de 2km al W de la comunidad por el camino al Campamento del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Saguayo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="31.98" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-17.533">17°31.98'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="41.85" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-63.6975">63°41.85'W</geoCoordinate>
, 400 m, 5 October 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">I.G. Vargas C. 5382 &amp; S. Hurtado P.</emphasis>
(holotype: MO-5878679!; isotypes: K, NY!). Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bignonia sanctae-crucis Zuntini. A Flowering branch B Stem node with prophylls of the axillary buds C Detail of the abaxial leaflet surface D Calyx E Opened flower F Ovary side-view G Ovary cross-section H Fruit I Seed. Illustrated from Vargas 5382 (NY) [A, D], Saldias 4775 (NY) [E-G] and Nee 52361 (NY) [B, C, H, I]." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55696" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="966630" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55696" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zuntini. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
Flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
Stem node with prophylls of the axillary buds 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
Detail of the abaxial leaflet surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
Calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
Opened flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
Ovary side-view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
Ovary cross-section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
Fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
Seed. Illustrated from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Vargas 5382</emphasis>
(NY) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">A,D</emphasis>
], 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Saldias 4775</emphasis>
(NY) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
] and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Nee 52361</emphasis>
(NY) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">B, C, H, I</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
This new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K.Schum. &amp; Loes.) L.G.Lohmann, but is distinguished by its membranous leaflets with mixed opposite-alternate percurrent tertiary venation (vs. chartaceous with alternate percurrent tertiary venation in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), membranous calyx (vs. chartaceous calyx in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and fruits shorter than 6.8 cm long (vs. fruits longer than 15 cm in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Contrasting characters of Bignonia decora, Bignonia potosina and Bignonia sanctae-crucis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Table 2.</emphasis>
Contrasting characters of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<table pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Prophylls of axillary buds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Foliaceous, persistent and spreading</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Falcate, caducous and ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Falcate, caducous and ascending</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Leaf texture</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Sub-chartaceous to chartaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Chartaceous to sub-coriaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Membranous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Leaf tertiary venation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Alternate percurrent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Alternate percurrent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Mixed opposite-alternate percurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Thyrse</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Raceme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Raceme</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Calyx texture</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Chartaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Chartaceous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Membranous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Fruit length (cm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">14.7-37.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">12.0-24.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Ca. 6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Central America</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Bolivia and Brazil</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
Lianas. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Stems</emphasis>
solid, tetragonal, winged or ribbed, with lenticels, without interpetiolar gland field, with interpetiolar ridge, puberulous to pilose at least at nodes, sparsely lepidote; foliaceous prophylls caducous, falcate (subulate), ascending, stipitate, asymmetrical, 0.9-2.3 mm 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, with a few glands on abaxial surface (no glands); bromeliad-like prophylls present. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Leaves</emphasis>
2-foliolate; petiole semi-cylindrical, (6.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)15.1–">-)15.1-</normalizedToken>
38.9 mm, pubescent, puberulous or pilose, sparsely lepidote; petiolules semi-cylindrical, 9.7-29.8 mm, pilose, sparsely lepidote; blades slightly discolorous, membranous, matte, slightly asymmetrical to asymmetrical, elliptic to widely ovate, acuminate to long acuminate apically, rounded basally (short attenuate), 8.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–13.3(–">-13.3(-</normalizedToken>
18.9) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.5(–">-8.5(-</normalizedToken>
12.3) cm, on adaxial surface without simple trichomes, densely lepidote, without glands, on abaxial surface pilose along midvein and secondary veins, sparsely lepidote, with a few scattered glands; venation pinnate, with tertiary venations mixed opposite-alternate percurrent; tendrils rarely present, simple, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, with simple apex. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Inflorescences</emphasis>
racemes, terminal, 2-4-flowered, without simple trichomes or puberulent, sparsely lepidote, primary axis 8.3-13.8 mm long; bracts caducous, not observed; pedicels 5.5-10.0 mm, without simple trichomes, moderately lepidote. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Flowers</emphasis>
with calyx cupular, 5-toothed, membranous, 4.5-6.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.3-5.1 mm wide at apex, ciliate, moderately lepidote, with glands clustered in columns, teeth 0.6-1.5 mm; corolla creamish outside, yellowish inside, infundibuliform, dorso-ventrally flattened, membranous, 30.6-52.8 mm, externally pubescent at lobes, moderately lepidote, without glands, internally with pubescent lobes, not lepidote, with shortly stipitate glandular trichomes at base, tube 19.8-40.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.1-5.0 mm wide at base and 9.2-16.3 mm wide at apex, lobes rounded or oblong, 9.7-15.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.8-15.2 mm; androecium didynamous, with stamens included, the largest 10.7-18.0 mm, the shortest 6.4-11.7 mm, without simple trichomes, not lepidote, with shortly stipitate glandular 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="14" start="start">trichomes</pageBreakToken>
at base, thecae 1.7-3.6 mm, staminode 0.9-2.5 mm; gynoecium 21.5-29.2 mm, ovary ovoid to cylindrical, smooth, without simple trichomes (pilose at apex), densely lepidote, ovules in 4 series per locule, style sparsely lepidote at base; nectariferous disk reduced. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fruits</emphasis>
inflated, oblong, ca. 6.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8 wide 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8 cm thick, valves 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="15" start="start">woody</pageBreakToken>
, without ridges, smooth, without simple trichomes, sparsely lepidote, without glands. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Seeds</emphasis>
beige, thin, transversally elliptic to narrowly transversally oblong, symmetrical, 13.7-24.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
28.5-39.4 mm, with two opaque wings; seed body flattened, 0.8-1.2 mm thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
This species is found in evergreen or semideciduous forests in Western Amazonia, occurring in Bolivia (Beni, La Paz and Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas and Mato Grosso), between 160 to 700 m alt. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Bignonia sanctae-crucis (red circles), Bignonia decora (blue triangles), and Bignonia potosina (green squares). Elevation in meters, following the scale on the right." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55697" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="966632" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.56.5423.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/55697" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circles), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(blue triangles), and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(green squares). Elevation in meters, following the scale on the right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">This species was collected with flowers in June, September, October and November. A single fruiting specimen was collected in July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only seven locations but is considered Least Concern (LC) given its wide extent of occurrence (over 600.000 km2) and the different physiognomies where it occurs, including secondary formations. The number of locations where this species is known to occur is likely underestimated because 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Bignonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are usually not densely distributed and because this entire region is not well documented floristically. Additional fieldwork is needed in order to fully document the extent of distribution of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="15">The epithet refers to the type locality, the Department of Santa Cruz (Bolivia), where most specimens were collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="16" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share quadrangular and ribbed (winged) stems, prominent interpetiolar ridges, falcate and caducous prophylls, and few-flowered racemes. Apart from being morphologically similar, these species are also closely related and can be confused. However, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the membranous calyx (vs. chartaceous in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and fruits shorter than 6.8 cm long (vs. fruits longer than 15 cm in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Contrasting characters of Bignonia decora, Bignonia potosina and Bignonia sanctae-crucis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A">2</tableCitation>
). These two species are also geographically widely separated, with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in Bolivia and central to western Brazil while 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia potosina" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potosina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia potosina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely found in Mexico and Central America but not in South America. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be confused with the sympatric species 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(S.Moore) L.G.Lohmann due to the quadrangular stems shared by both species. However, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by its falcate and caducous prophylls (vs. foliaceous and persistent in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), few-flowered racemes (vs. multi-flowered thyrses in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and fruit without ridges (vs. three longitudinal ridges in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Contrasting characters of Bignonia decora, Bignonia potosina and Bignonia sanctae-crucis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="4FD28D62C1E2138AB21301D24114FC7A">2</tableCitation>
). Quadrangular stems are also characteristic of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bureau &amp; K.Schum.) L.G.Lohmann, a distantly related species (Zuntini and Lohmann, in prep.) that has a verrucose and glabrous ovary (vs. smooth and lepidote in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and echinate fruits (vs. smooth in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in Amazonia and the Atlantic forest of Brazil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
The only fruiting material of this new species (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Nee 52361</emphasis>
) was previously identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Cydista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cydista decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">Cydista cf. decora</taxonomicName>
(S.Moore) A.H.Gentry [≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia decora" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">in sched.</emphasis>
at NY), a closely related species. The flowering specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, were identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Clytostoma sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bureau &amp; K.Schum. [≡ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="L.G. Lohmann" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sciuripabulum" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciuripabulum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sciuripabulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma uleanum" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Clytostoma uleanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kraenzl. [≡ 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia uleana" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uleana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia uleana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], and some other 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Clytostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">in sched.</emphasis>
at MO and NY). The thin-textured corolla probably confused the generic identification, given that most 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1863" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Cydista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cydista" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Cydista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as previously circumscribed, were characterized by thicker corollas whereas such thin corollas were characteristic of the previously recognized 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Clytostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Despite its corolla texture, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zuntini" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Bignonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bignonia sanctae-crucis" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-crucis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Bignonia sanctae-crucis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to the species that were included in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Clytostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clytostoma" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Clytostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and does not have the verrucose glabrous ovary that is characteristic of that group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="additional examined specimens">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="17" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
examined specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
BOLIVIA. Beni: Rurrenabaque, Rurrenabaque, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.466666">14°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.566666">67°34'W</geoCoordinate>
, 333 m, 8 Oct 1921, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">White 874</emphasis>
(NY). La Paz: Alto Beni, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Concesión">Concesion</normalizedToken>
de San Jose de Papay, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.033334">15°02'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.55">67°33'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m, 23 Oct 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">E. Vargas 2022</emphasis>
(LPB, MO); San Buena Ventura, 500 m, 29 Nov 1901, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">R.S. Williams 363</emphasis>
(NY). Santa Cruz: Cercado, Lomas del Rio 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cúcha">Cucha</normalizedToken>
, 450 m, 28 Oct 1925, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">J. Steinbach G. 7307</emphasis>
(F, MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
, Gorge of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Bermejo, 6.5km (by road) W of the checkpoint at Angostura, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.166666">18°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.55">63°33'W</geoCoordinate>
, 690 m, 25 Jul 2003, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M.H. Nee 52361</emphasis>
(LPB, NY, USZ). Ichilo, 2 km W of Center of San Carlos, older secondary growth along highway from Buena Vista to Villa Tunari, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="24.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-17.408333">17°24.5'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.75">63°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 310 m, 31 Oct 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M.H. Nee 50398</emphasis>
(NY); Ichilo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estáncia">Estancia</normalizedToken>
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rafaél">Rafael</normalizedToken>
(propiedad de la Unversidad NUR), 16 km SW de Buena Vista, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.6">17°36'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.6">63°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 432 m, 1 Oct 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">M. Saldias P. 4775</emphasis>
(NY, USZ). BRAZIL. Acre: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarauacá">Tarauaca</normalizedToken>
, 1-3 km east of Rio 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarauacá">Tarauaca</normalizedToken>
, 24 Sep 1968, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">G.T. Prance 7513</emphasis>
(K, INPA, MG, MO, NY). Amazonas: Envira, Rio 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juruá">Jurua</normalizedToken>
, Basin of Rio Jurua, near mouth of Rio Embira, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5">7°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 160 m, 28 Jun 1933, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">B.A. Krukoff 5046</emphasis>
(MICH, MO, NY, US). Mato Grosso: Barra do Bugres, Fazenda Ochsenfeld, 23 Oct 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">G. Hatschbach 63777</emphasis>
(MBM, SPF).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>