496 lines
65 KiB
XML
496 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="4FBEDDD9B94087F8D42EB7CA9E2D76AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="20761" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2015v702a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d0a7a87-5b47-479e-8fac-118877a7bbae" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720986" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637676323050" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Callmander, Martin W., Keim, Ary P., Buerki, Sven & Phillipson, Peter B." docDate="2015" docId="131F87F4062AEB2A29B4574EF7F69B86" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.70.2.179-195.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 70 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2015v702a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pandanus Parkinson" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="EF26FF8C0628EB29292B506EF236995D" masterDocTitle="The genus Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) on Halmahera Island (Moluccas, Indonesia) with descriptions of three new species and a key to the species on the island" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="179" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1699469386863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="681E32B43C8933D5EC428C05C535FF26">The genus Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) on Halmahera Island (Moluccas, Indonesia) with descriptions of three new species and a key to the species on the island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A20E02FF002A8B67827A12325777EB0">Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A99AEF72FCD1C08800DD5131D56EE40F">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. & Currently at: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, C. P. 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="83436C27040DE240BE56FED1BE5E5981" type="email">martin.callmander@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2F1031A7DD25DBE77CC303DFD7C6A4C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="192D40CC41C33E806C4FFE26B36EE70C">Keim, Ary P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BC2E67D1A3316EA7FBC5E27101E5466A">Botany Division / Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Centre Research for Biology, P 2 B LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="41EA183681E322A9C57C6137C0BFCDEF">Buerki, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A149A48075E5C583BD7553CB3B2DE76">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F16EC056CC0EE1AAE694C2BE35B2A3E7">Phillipson, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F3BE4B4937D0CB2F889DD4FE19F5150">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. & Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN EPHE UPMC), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, C. P. 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2FCA444A23CB3A28836E15D0FBDCF5AF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4CB79EA66BF2F2E192D8A74C8A477DDE">Candollea</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FF218A8BBAED7AA87818C2EC2D149E3D">
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<mods:date id="0297CB3E9E34C18315FF8B010E58553E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19A871E9CD7B9F060CF2F4A63A941758">2015-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3F8346FE586E3AA20165634B1180A51F">70</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="ECC20E3C626ABF3B53EBF76F9569E39C">http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2015v702a2</mods:url>
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<treatment id="131F87F4062AEB2A29B4574EF7F69B86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303739" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193301395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:131F87F4062AEB2A29B4574EF7F69B86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/131F87F4062AEB2A29B4574EF7F69B86" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
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<subSubSection id="D3AC6569062AEB2B29B4574EF0B49E61" box="[159,642,1824,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9B0936E2062AEB2B29B4574EF0B49E61" blockId="2.[159,642,1824,1852]" box="[159,642,1824,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
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<heading id="C041818E062AEB2B29B4574EF0B49E61" bold="true" box="[159,642,1824,1852]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B29B4574EF0B49E61" bold="true" box="[159,642,1824,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2813574EF3F79E61" ID-CoL="8W23Q" ID-ENA="4725" authority="Parkinson" authorityName="Parkinson" box="[312,449,1824,1852]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
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in Halmahera
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3AC6569062AEB2A29B45720F05D9BDB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9B0936E2062AEB2B29B45720F61D9C1B" blockId="2.[159,809,1870,1958]" lastBlockId="2.[847,1498,302,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
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The coastal
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B286E5720F3829E3B" box="[325,436,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. dubius</emphasis>
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Spreng.,
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2B115720F0D89E3B" box="[570,750,1870,1894]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pol">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2B115720F0D89E3B" box="[570,750,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. polycephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B29B45700F3B49EDB" authority="Parkinson" authorityName="Parkinson" box="[159,386,1902,1926]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorius">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B29B45700F33D9ED8" box="[159,267,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. tectorius</emphasis>
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Parkinson
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</taxonomicName>
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are widespread in littoral and lowland forest in swampy or sandy ground.
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2B3B57E0F08A9EFB" box="[528,700,1934,1958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2B3B57E0F08A9EFB" box="[528,700,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus dubius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distributed from the Andaman Sea (Andaman
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2C225140F785981B" box="[1289,1459,302,326]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Nicobar islands</collectingCountry>
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) to the western Pacific region (
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2D4C5120F68D983B" box="[1127,1211,334,358]" name="Kiribati" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Kiribati</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2DEF5120F1B198DB" name="Micronesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Federated states of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
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) and throughout
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2D6E5100F6AD98DB" box="[1093,1179,366,390]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Malesia</collectingCountry>
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. This ocean-dispersed species (
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<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2A7C51E0F67C98F8" author="GALLAHER, T. & M. W. CALLMANDER & S. BUERKI & S. C. KEELEY" box="[855,1098,397,422]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="20 - 32" part="83" refId="ref10313" refString="GALLAHER, T., M. W. CALLMANDER, S. BUERKI & S. C. KEELEY (2015). A long distance dispersal hypothesis for the Pandanaceae and the origins of the Pandanus tectorius complex. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 83: 20 - 32" title="A long distance dispersal hypothesis for the Pandanaceae and the origins of the Pandanus tectorius complex" type="journal article" year="2015">GALLAHER et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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) is frequently cultivated in the tropics and the leaves are used for basketry and roof thatching. The albumen of the ripe fruit is edible and used in
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2C6F51A0F78A98BB" box="[1348,1468,462,486]" name="Micronesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
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as a source of starch (
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<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2D325180F6BB9B5B" author="LIM, T. K." box="[1049,1165,494,518]" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref10669" refString="LIM, T. K. (2012). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 4, Fruits. Springer." title="Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 4, Fruits" type="book" year="2012">LIM, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). It is easily recognizable by its habit (large tree with robust proproots at the base), its wide, coriaceous leaves (11-16 ×
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<quantity id="5C4E9B07062AEB2B2D5D5240F6FF9B1B" box="[1142,1225,558,582]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" unit="cm" value="200.0">200 cm</quantity>
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) with conspicuous longaristate apices and its large pendulous subspherical syncarp (
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<quantity id="5C4E9B07062AEB2B2A7C5200F1F79BD8" box="[855,961,622,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 cm</quantity>
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in diam.), composed of pale bluish-green drupes (
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<figureCitation id="038D2A67062AEB2B2A7D52E0F19A9BFB" box="[854,940,654,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2A9452E0F64D9BF8" box="[959,1147,654,678]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorius">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2A9452E0F64D9BF8" box="[959,1147,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus tectorius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, another well-known, ocean dispersed and frequently cultivated species has a broad distribution from
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2A9552A0F6259BBB" box="[958,1043,718,742]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Malesia</collectingCountry>
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to the Southern Pacific islands (
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<figureCitation id="038D2A67062AEB2B2C5C52A0F7FA9BBB" box="[1399,1484,718,742]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
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). This species, which is known to have various medicinal, nutritive and construction properties (
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<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2D875360F72A9A7B" author="LIM, T. K." box="[1196,1308,782,806]" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref10669" refString="LIM, T. K. (2012). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 4, Fruits. Springer." title="Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 4, Fruits" type="book" year="2012">LIM, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), is taxonomically problematic and is currently regarded as a species complex in need of further study (
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<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2D445320F7439A38" author="GALLAHER, T. & M. W. CALLMANDER & S. BUERKI & S. C. KEELEY" box="[1135,1397,845,870]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="20 - 32" part="83" refId="ref10313" refString="GALLAHER, T., M. W. CALLMANDER, S. BUERKI & S. C. KEELEY (2015). A long distance dispersal hypothesis for the Pandanaceae and the origins of the Pandanus tectorius complex. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 83: 20 - 32" title="A long distance dispersal hypothesis for the Pandanaceae and the origins of the Pandanus tectorius complex" type="journal article" year="2015">GALLAHER et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2CA25320F1C59ADB" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycephalus">
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<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2CA25320F1C59ADB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus polycephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also a strand plant on seashores, it reaches its western-most distribution in the
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2DF553E0F7719AFB" box="[1246,1351,910,934]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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and is found through New
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2ACD53C0F6009A9B" box="[998,1078,942,966]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and as far east as the
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<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2C0B53C0F7E39A9B" box="[1312,1493,942,966]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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. The species forms a slender treelet to
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<quantity id="5C4E9B07062AEB2B2DDF53A0F71B9AB8" box="[1268,1325,974,998]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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tall and can be easily recognized by its small multispicate infructescence with the drupes becoming red on ripening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062AEB2B2C2F5460F7569D7B" box="[1284,1376,1038,1062]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). A fourth species is confined to coastal areas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2DE45440F7F79D18" authority="Warb. It" authorityName="Warb. It" box="[1231,1473,1070,1094]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2DE45440F7699D1B" box="[1231,1375,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
||
Warb. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a robust solitary tree reaching up to
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062AEB2B2DCE5420F7289D38" box="[1253,1310,1102,1126]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
high and can be easily identified in the field by its spicate infructescence consisting of 2 to 4 syncarps with incompletely fused phalanges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062AEB2B2A7C54C0F1969D9B" box="[855,928,1198,1222]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2D2854C0F65B9D98" box="[1027,1133,1198,1221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2D2854C0F65B9D98" box="[1027,1133,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. tectorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2D5254C0F7329D9B" box="[1145,1284,1198,1222]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2D5254C0F7329D9B" box="[1145,1284,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always solitary or in scattered populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2D7754A0F7239DBB" author="KEIM, A. P." box="[1116,1301,1230,1254]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="255 - 266" part="54" refId="ref10552" refString="KEIM, A. P. (2009). Pandanaceae of the island of Yapen, Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, with their nomenclature and notes on the rediscovery of Sararanga sinuosa, and several new species and records. Blumea 54: 255 - 266." title="Pandanaceae of the island of Yapen, Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, with their nomenclature and notes on the rediscovery of Sararanga sinuosa, and several new species and records" type="journal article" year="2009">KEIM et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Callmander, pers. obs.). The presence of this species in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2C2B5480F7519C5B" box="[1280,1383,1262,1286]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
was firstly reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2AFE5560F6969C7B" author="KEIM, A. P. & S. SUSIARTI & M. AMIR" box="[981,1184,1294,1318]" editor="UBAIDILLAH, R. & B. WALUJO & A. J. ARIEF & H. JULISTIONO" journalOrPublisher="LIPI, Bogor" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="1281 - 1326" refId="ref10604" refString="KEIM, A. P., S. SUSIARTI & M. AMIR (2008). Taksonomi Pandanaceae Pulau Seram. In: UBAIDILLAH, R., E. B. WALUJO, A. J. ARIEF & H. JULISTIONO (ed.), Laporan Teknik Pusat Penelitian Biologi- LIPI: 1281 - 1326. LIPI, Bogor." title="Taksonomi Pandanaceae Pulau Seram" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Laporan Teknik Pusat Penelitian Biologi- LIPI" year="2008">KEIM et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Seram Island,
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062AEB2B2CAF5560F7EE9C7B" box="[1412,1496,1294,1318]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
south of Halmahera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062AEB2A2A5F5520F05D9BDB" blockId="2.[847,1498,302,1958]" lastBlockId="3.[136,788,302,710]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2A5F5520F6E39C3B" authority="K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." box="[884,1237,1358,1382]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauelianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2A5F5520F66F9C3B" box="[884,1113,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus krauelianus</emphasis>
|
||
K. Schum.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a common inland species at low to mid elevation on Halmahera (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D6340359062AEB2B2C575500F7FD9CDB" box="[1404,1483,1390,1414]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[159,205,299,318]" captionTargetBox="[166,1487,351,1888]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@6.[159,1497,375,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. – The 55 Pandanus Parkinson collections currently known from Halmahera listed by species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CFC9666A062EEB2F29B45145F6189863" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" tableUuid="CFC9666A062EEB2F29B45145F6189863">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). It is part of the morphologically homogenous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2C6B55E0F6139C9B" authority="H. St. John" authorityName="H. St. John" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Maysops">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2C6B55E0F7929CFB" box="[1344,1444,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2A6455C0F1939C98" box="[847,933,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Maysops</emphasis>
|
||
H. St. John
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in subgen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2D8855C0F1B69CBB" authority="(Brongn.) H. St. John" authorityName="H. St. John" baseAuthorityName="Brongn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lophostigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2D8855C0F7129C9B" box="[1187,1316,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Lophostigma</emphasis>
|
||
(Brongn.) H. St. John
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterised by a solitary, ovoid-ellipsoid syncarp hidden by persistent bracts, one-seeded drupes and a pileus generally topped apically with a small hardened turret bearing a lateral stigma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062AEB2B2A8D5640F6159F1B" box="[934,1059,1582,1606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Fig. 2F, 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2DBE5640F7189F1B" author="STONE, B. C." box="[1173,1326,1582,1606]" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="459 - 540" part="94" refId="ref10912" refString="STONE, B. C. (1974 a). Towards an improved infrageneric classification in Pandanus (Pandanaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 94: 459 - 540." title="Towards an improved infrageneric classification in Pandanus (Pandanaceae)" type="book" year="1974">STONE, 1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2C6A5640F7EF9F1B" author="STONE, B. C." box="[1345,1497,1582,1606]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="31 - 61" part="37" refId="ref11115" refString="STONE, B. C. (1992). The New Guinea species of Pandanus section Maysops St. John (Pandanaceae). Blumea 37: 31 - 61" title="The New Guinea species of Pandanus section Maysops St. John (Pandanaceae)" type="book" year="1992">STONE (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a review of the section for New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2DD75620F77C9F3B" box="[1276,1354,1614,1638]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and accepted ca. 16 species and emphasised the need of further collections in this group in which species delimitation is difficult. In the latter revision,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2A8456C0F6D69F9B" authority="Warb." authorityName="Warb." box="[943,1248,1710,1734]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2A8456C0F6A39F9B" box="[943,1173,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus amboinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Warb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first valid publication of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2AB556A0F6479FBB" authority="Rumph." authorityName="Rumph." box="[926,1137,1742,1766]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2AB556A0F6249FBB" box="[926,1042,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
Rumph.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2D9956A0F7339FBB" box="[1202,1285,1742,1766]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is considered to be different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2AC75680F64E9E5B" box="[1004,1144,1774,1798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauelianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2AC75680F64E9E5B" box="[1004,1144,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">P. krauelianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2DDF5680F7759E5B" box="[1268,1347,1774,1798]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5972F800062AEB2B2C795680F7E39E58" box="[1362,1493,1774,1798]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">West Papua</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2A645760F18A9E7B" box="[847,956,1806,1830]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2AE65760F67B9E7B" author="JEBB, M." box="[973,1101,1806,1830]" journalOrPublisher="Christensen Research Institute, Madang" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" refId="ref10521" refString="JEBB, M. (1992). A field guide to Pandanus in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago & the Solomon Islands. Christensen Research Institute, Madang." title="A field guide to Pandanus in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago & the Solomon Islands" type="book" year="1992">JEBB (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062AEB2B2DA85760F73B9E7B" author="KEIM, A. P." box="[1155,1293,1806,1830]" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" pagination="255 - 266" part="54" refId="ref10552" refString="KEIM, A. P. (2009). Pandanaceae of the island of Yapen, Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, with their nomenclature and notes on the rediscovery of Sararanga sinuosa, and several new species and records. Blumea 54: 255 - 266." title="Pandanaceae of the island of Yapen, Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, with their nomenclature and notes on the rediscovery of Sararanga sinuosa, and several new species and records" type="journal article" year="2009">KEIM (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did consider these two species as synonyms and this broader species concept is followed here.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062AEB2B2AC25720F6F29E3B" box="[1001,1220,1870,1894]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauelianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062AEB2B2AC25720F6F29E3B" box="[1001,1220,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Pandanus krauelianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus delimited, is distributed from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2AC15700F6679EDB" box="[1002,1105,1902,1926]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Bismark archipelago through New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062AEB2B2AA157E0F1EB9EFB" box="[906,989,1934,1958]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="181">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Another species with a similar distribution is found in inland swamps at low elevation:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2B135140F1249818" authority="Solms. It" authorityName="Solms. It" box="[568,786,302,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2B135140F0989818" box="[568,686,302,325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. papuanus</emphasis>
|
||
Solms. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large tree species (to
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28AF5120F38F9838" box="[388,441,334,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
tall) with a large, impressive cone of proproots at the base and massive pendent syncarps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2BCC5100F2ED98FB" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3G, 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is known from similar habitats at higher altitudes (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A299851C0F2C0989B" box="[179,246,430,454]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
) in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062BEB2A287C51C0F393989B" box="[343,421,430,454]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062BEB2A289851C0F00D989B" author="STONE, B. C." box="[435,571,430,454]" editor="GRESSIT, J. L." journalOrPublisher="W. Junk Plush" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" pagination="401 - 436" refId="ref11035" refString="STONE, B. C. (1982). New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography. In: GRESSIT, J. L. (ed.), Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 1: 401 - 436. W. Junk Plush." title="New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography" type="book" volumeTitle="Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 1" year="1982">STONE, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2B6751C0F138989B" box="[588,782,430,454]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2B6751C0F138989B" box="[588,782,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Pandanus conoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062BEB2A287F51A0F03998B8" author="RUMPHIUS, G. E." box="[340,527,461,486]" journalOrPublisher="Franciscus Changuion, Amsterdam" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" refId="ref10817" refString="RUMPHIUS, G. E. (1741 - 1755). Herbarium amboinense. Vol. 1 - 6. Franciscus Changuion, Amsterdam." title="Herbarium amboinense. Vol. 1 - 6" type="book" year="1741">RUMPHIUS (1741</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-1755), has not yet been collected on Halmahera, but a photograph of it taken by one of us (PBP) during his first visit to the island in 2011 confirmed its presence on the island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A28B35240F3E89B1B" box="[408,478,558,582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A28DB5240F0849B1B" box="[496,690,558,582]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A28DB5240F0849B1B" box="[496,690,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Pandanus conoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely cultivated in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062BEB2A28795220F3959B3B" box="[338,419,590,614]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
for its edible fruits and may have originated from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3A17672062BEB2A28765200F3F59BDB" box="[349,451,622,646]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF274B13062BEB2A28F85200F0699BDB" author="STONE, B. C." box="[467,607,622,646]" editor="GRESSIT, J. L." journalOrPublisher="W. Junk Plush" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" pagination="401 - 436" refId="ref11035" refString="STONE, B. C. (1982). New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography. In: GRESSIT, J. L. (ed.), Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 1: 401 - 436. W. Junk Plush." title="New Guinea Pandanaceae: first approach to ecology and biogeography" type="book" volumeTitle="Biogeography and ecology of New Guinea 1" year="1982">STONE, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3AC6569062BEB2A298552E0F0429A4D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A298552E0F0369B9B" blockId="3.[136,788,302,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
The 55
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A282B52E0F3509BFB" box="[256,358,654,678]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A282B52E0F3509BFB" box="[256,358,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collections currently known from Halmahera are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D6340359062BEB2A288252C0F3CF9B9B" box="[425,505,686,710]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[159,205,299,318]" captionTargetBox="[166,1487,351,1888]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@6.[159,1497,375,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. – The 55 Pandanus Parkinson collections currently known from Halmahera listed by species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CFC9666A062EEB2F29B45145F6189863" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" tableUuid="CFC9666A062EEB2F29B45145F6189863">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35296F0429A4D" blockId="3.[136,785,760,912]" box="[136,628,760,784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A29A35296F0429A4D" bold="true" box="[136,628,760,784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
Key to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A28285296F3459A4D" authority="Parkinson" authorityName="Parkinson" box="[259,371,760,784]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species on Halmahera
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3AC6569062BEB2A29A35376F7F69B86" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" type="key">
|
||
<key id="EF2761D3062BEB2A29A35376F7F69B86" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A35376F1269ACD" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35376F1269A0D" blockId="3.[136,785,760,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35376F1269A0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
1. Carpels free in one-carpellate and one-seeded drupes (rarely bicarpellate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A28BC5357F07D9A0D" ID-CoL="6TLFM" authority="Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." box="[407,587,824,848]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A28BC5357F3C69A0D" box="[407,496,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
Spreng.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)............ 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35336F1269ACD" blockId="3.[136,785,760,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35336F1269ACD" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">1a. Carpels connate into multicarpellate, several-seeded drupes..................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A353CDF1269AA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A353CDF1269AE6" blockId="3.[136,787,931,1019]" box="[136,784,931,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A353CDF1269AE6" box="[136,784,931,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">2. Stigma filiform or spinescent and linear........... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A353ADF1269AA6" blockId="3.[136,787,931,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A353ADF1269AA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">2a Stigma oblique, flat or on an apical turret, but not filiform or linear.................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A35460F1249C7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35460F1249DFB" blockId="3.[136,787,1038,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35460F1249DFB" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
3. Infructescence lateral, born just below the base of leaves; drupes with a yellow pileus; stigma filiform, appressed towards the apex of the syncarp,
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B7A5423F0E49D38" box="[593,722,1101,1125]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A299D5400F2C09DDB" box="[182,246,1134,1158]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D).............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A281054E0F1249DFB" authority="Callm., Buerki & Phillipson" authorityName="Callm., Buerki & Phillipson" box="[315,786,1165,1190]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benstoneiodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A281054E0F3E99DF8" bold="true" box="[315,479,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. benstoneiodes</emphasis>
|
||
Callm., Buerki & Phillipson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A354C0F1249C7B" blockId="3.[136,787,1038,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A354C0F1249C7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
3a Infructescence terminal, pendant; drupes with a red to purple shiny pileus; stigma spinescent, sharp, erect,
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B9654A3F1259DB8" box="[701,787,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A29C05480F3539C5B" box="[235,357,1262,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3E, 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A28AA5560F1249C7B" ID-CoL="6TLGN" authority="Callm. & A. P. Keim" authorityName="Callm. & A. P. Keim. The" authorityYear="2015" box="[385,786,1293,1318]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halmaherensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A28AA5560F0199C78" bold="true" box="[385,559,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. halmaherensis</emphasis>
|
||
Callm. & A. P. Keim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A35540F1269CAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35540F1239CD8" blockId="3.[136,789,1326,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35540F1239CD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
4. Syncarps spicately arranged, small (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B685540F04D9C18" box="[579,635,1326,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long), ovoid; stigma reniform and flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A28945520F0239C3B" box="[447,533,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2B105500F1239CD8" ID-CoL="4CB3D" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[571,789,1389,1413]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2B105500F0E39CD8" bold="true" box="[571,725,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. polycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A355E0F1269CAD" blockId="3.[136,789,1326,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A355E0F1269CAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
4a Syncarp solitary, much larger (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28C655E0F0629CF8" box="[493,596,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10-40 cm</quantity>
|
||
long), ellipsoid to oblong; stigma with various shapes but not reniform and flat........................................ 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A35596F1269F2D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35596F1259F6D" blockId="3.[136,787,1528,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35596F1259F6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
5. Leaves wide (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A286B5596F39F9F4D" box="[320,425,1528,1552]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="11.0">11-16 cm</quantity>
|
||
); drupes large (>
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B4F5596F09E9F4D" box="[612,680,1528,1552]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
) at maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A29CA5676F3039F6D" box="[225,309,1560,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2B765677F1259F6D" ID-CoL="6TLFM" authority="Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." box="[605,787,1560,1584]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2B765677F08C9F6D" bold="true" box="[605,698,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
Spreng.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35656F1269F2D" blockId="3.[136,787,1528,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35656F1269F2D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
5a. Leaves narrow (<
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28405656F3979F0D" box="[363,417,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
); drupes smaller (<
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B585656F09F9F0D" box="[627,681,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
) at maturity........................................ 6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A356EDF1269E07" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A356EDF1269FA6" blockId="3.[136,786,1667,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A356EDF1269FA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
6. Small monocaulous shrub (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28C356EDF0229FC7" box="[488,532,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
tall) with few slender proproots at the base; leaves (<
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28DD56CDF0739FE7" box="[502,581,1699,1723]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="110.0">110 cm</quantity>
|
||
long); and syncarp small (<
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A282356ADF37D9F86" box="[264,331,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
); peduncle slender and short, c.
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2BB756ADF0EB9F87" box="[668,733,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A299D568DF2C09FA6" box="[182,246,1763,1787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C).........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2895568DF1269FA6" ID-CoL="75M2N" authority="Callm. & A. P. Keim" authorityName="Callm. & A. P. Keim" box="[446,784,1762,1787]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beguinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2895568DF01B9FA7" bold="true" box="[446,557,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. beguinii</emphasis>
|
||
Callm. & A. P. Keim
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A3576DF1269E07" blockId="3.[136,786,1667,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A3576DF1269E07" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
6a. Tall ramified tree (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2857576DF3F89E46" box="[380,462,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8-15 m</quantity>
|
||
) with large cone of proproots at the base; leaves (>
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A28B6574DF3C79E67" box="[413,497,1827,1851]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="180.0">180 cm</quantity>
|
||
long); and syncarp large (>
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A29E0572DF3389E06" box="[203,270,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
); peduncle stout and long,>
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2B68572DF0B39E07" box="[579,645,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
long.... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A29A35700F7F49838" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A29A35700F1259E9B" blockId="3.[136,787,1902,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A29A35700F1259E9B" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
7. Syncarp yellow at maturity; pileus topped apically with a small hardened turret bearing a lateral stigma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2B9457E0F2E49E9B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2F, 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2B2257C0F1259E9B" ID-CoL="6TKZT" authority="K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." box="[521,787,1965,1990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauelianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2B2257C0F0AD9E98" bold="true" box="[521,667,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. krauelianus</emphasis>
|
||
K. Schum.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A2A135140F7F49838" blockId="3.[824,1474,302,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A2A135140F7F49838" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
7a. Syncarp red at maturity; pileus with central vertical stigma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2A4E5120F19B983B" box="[869,941,334,358]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2C235120F7F49838" ID-CoL="75LC6" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[1288,1474,333,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2C235120F7B59838" bold="true" box="[1288,1411,333,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. conoideus</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A2A135116F7F6988D" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A2A135116F7F598ED" blockId="3.[824,1475,376,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A2A135116F7F598ED" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
8. Syncarps spicately arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2DB05116F6D398CD" box="[1179,1253,376,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2DC951F7F7F598ED" ID-CoL="75LK9" authority="Warb." authorityName="Warb." box="[1250,1475,408,432]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaernbachii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2DC951F7F74F98ED" bold="true" box="[1250,1401,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. kaernbachii</emphasis>
|
||
Warb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A2A1351D6F7F6988D" blockId="3.[824,1475,376,464]" box="[824,1472,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A2A1351D6F7F6988D" box="[824,1472,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">8a. Syncarp solitary.............................. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="20422E47062BEB2A2A13518DF7F69B86" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A2A13518DF7F69B06" blockId="3.[824,1474,483,731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A2A13518DF7F69B06" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
9. Large tree (to
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2D23518DF67598A7" box="[1032,1091,483,507]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
tall) with a large and impressive cone of proproots at the base; leaves large (
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2C01526DF7989B47" box="[1322,1454,515,539]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="400.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="200.0">200-600 cm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2A75524DF1F59B66" box="[862,963,547,571]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 cm</quantity>
|
||
); stigmas borne on the inner edge of the truncate carpel apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2AD8522DF6419B06" box="[1011,1143,579,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[137,164,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,299,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[583,1026,727,1319]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, C. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (pistillate plant); B. Pandanus beguinii Callm. & A. P. Keim (staminate plant); D. Pandanus dubius Spreng.;E, F. Pandanus halmaherensis Callm. & A. P. Keim; G, H. Pandanus papuanus Solms; I. Pandanus kaernbachii Warb. [photo taken in Seram]; J. Pandanus conoideus Lam. [Photos: A: M. Merello; B-G: M. Callmander; H, J: P. Phillipson; I: A. Keim]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 3G, 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
)........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2DD0522DF7F69B06" ID-CoL="75L2M" authority="Solms" authorityName="Solms" box="[1275,1472,579,603]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2DD0522DF74E9B07" bold="true" box="[1275,1400,579,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. papuanus</emphasis>
|
||
Solms
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B0936E2062BEB2A2A13520DF7F69B86" blockId="3.[824,1474,483,731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<keyLead id="204795D7062BEB2A2A13520DF7F69B86" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">
|
||
9a. Medium-sized tree (<
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2D72520DF6A79B27" box="[1113,1169,611,635]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
tall) with a narrow cone of proproots at the base; leaves smaller (mostly 60-150 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5C4E9B07062BEB2A2A7552CDF19B9BE6" box="[862,941,675,699]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 cm</quantity>
|
||
); stigma borne on the top of each of the rounded carpel apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="038D2A67062BEB2A2AD852ADF6729B86" box="[1011,1092,707,731]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,186,1874,1893]" captionTargetBox="[159,1496,299,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-94@4.[606,1050,727,1321]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Field pictures of Halmahera Pandanus Parkinson species. A, D. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (pistillate plant); B, C. Pandanus benstoneoides Callm., Buerki & Phillipson (staminate plant); E. Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; F, G.Pandanus krauelianus K. Schum.;H. Pandanus polycephalus Lam. [Photos: A: E. Bidault; D, F-G: M. Callmander; B-C, E: P. Phillipson; H: M. Merello]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CB64D61062BEB2A2DCB52ADF7F69B86" ID-CoL="75L2V" authority="Parkinson" box="[1248,1472,707,731]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C2EAF0062BEB2A2DCB52ADF7669B86" bold="true" box="[1248,1360,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="182">P. tectorius</emphasis>
|
||
Parkinson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |