308 lines
31 KiB
XML
308 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5dfd4068-cd04-4f9e-a45f-b5da93828477" ID-GBIF-Taxon="169063263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-36-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="30ED17E8ECD35919982046F4064D27FA" ID-ZooBank="413B7A9D08E84DECA18579962DC4DB0D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8AD4681-CD11-441D-AEB9-415692F3F94B" ModsDocID="1314-2615-36-1" checkinTime="1605365378411" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jochum 1,2,3, Adrienne, Bochud 1,2, Estee, Favre 3, Adrien, Ferrand 4, Marina & Wackenheim 5,6, Quentin" docDate="2020" docId="CF317D83B19E500FA2E48E481041426B" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 36: 1-9" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 36" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977" docTitle="Laoennea renouardi Jochum & Wackenheim 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D8AD4681-CD11-441D-AEB9-415692F3F94B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="30ED17E8ECD35919982046F4064D27FA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="30ED17E8ECD35919982046F4064D27FA" masterDocTitle="A new species of Laoennea microsnail (Stylommatophora, Diapheridae) from a cave in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1643442504079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Laoennea microsnail (Stylommatophora, Diapheridae) from a cave in Laos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jochum 1,2,3, Adrienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bochud 1,2, Estee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Favre 3, Adrien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferrand 4, Marina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wackenheim 5,6, Quentin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>9</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-36-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">413B7A9D08E84DECA18579962DC4DB0D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">30ED17E8ECD35919982046F4064D27FA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169063263" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8AD4681-CD11-441D-AEB9-415692F3F94B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF317D83B19E500FA2E48E481041426B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CF317D83-B19E-500F-A2E4-8E481041426B" authority="Jochum & Wackenheim" authorityName="Jochum & Wackenheim" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea renouardi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="renouardi" status="sp. nov.">Laoennea renouardi Jochum & Wackenheim</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Comparison between species. Laoennea renouardi sp. nov. A-J holotype (NMBE 565863) K, L holotype and paratype shells of Laoennea carychioides Pa ́ ll-Gergely, A. Reischu ̈ tz & Maassen, 2020 (NHMW 113107). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1A-J</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Laos, Vientiane Province, Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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, 2.7 km W of Vang Vieng, 245 m a.s.l.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="18.936388">18°56'11"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="102.42444">102°25'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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, collected 150 m from cave entrance in a horizontal gallery usually flooded during the rainy season (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="18.9375">18°56'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="102.42361">102°25'25"E</geoCoordinate>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Speleological map and ecology of Tham Houey Ye (18 ° 56 ' 11 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 28 " E) including 11.2 km of caverns A shell of L. renouardi sp. nov. on moist substrate (image: M. Ferrand) and map of the cave showing the entrance to the cave, the collection site of L. renouardi sp. nov. marked by a red star and the entrance to the nearby touristic cave of Tham Pha Leusi. Tiny question marks on the map indicate uncertainties regarding the continuation of unexplored tiny galleries (EEGC et al. 2003, 2005) B landscape view from the entrance of Tham Houey Ye (image: M. Ferrand) C west gallery (image: M. Ferrand) D natural upper entrance of the cavern system Tham Houey Ye - Tham Pha Leusi (image: M. Ferrand) E active section of Ye River during the dry season in Tham Houey Ye (image: J- F. Fabriol)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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), 9 March 2019, M. Ferrand leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: 1 shell, SH: 1.80 mm, SW: 1.00 mm, PH: 0.54 mm, PW: 0.54 mm; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Comparison between species. Laoennea renouardi sp. nov. A-J holotype (NMBE 565863) K, L holotype and paratype shells of Laoennea carychioides Pa ́ ll-Gergely, A. Reischu ̈ tz & Maassen, 2020 (NHMW 113107). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A-J</figureCitation>
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(NMBE 565863).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shell tiny, compact and less elongate than the type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Páll-Gergely, A.Reischütz & Maassen" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea carychioides" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carychioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea carychioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, conical-ovate with fewer whorls. Penultimate whorl inflated above the narrower last whorl. Parietal lamella protrudes slightly beyond peristome margin, long, continuing deep into shell. Sinulus in line (on the same plane) with entire peristome and not shifted laterally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell tiny, apical part of the shell dome-shaped, shell white and transparent when fresh, compact with inflated penultimate whorl bulging above the narrower last whorl, shell bears 5 convex whorls separated by a deep suture and a thin white band directly below at the transition of each new whorl; protoconch not clearly discernable. Entire shell glossy, finely pitted, teleoconch streaked by occasional, uneven growth lines. Thin, widely spaced ribs behind peristome extend 1/6 the surface of the last whorl and overlap radial striations of varying thickness embedded within the shell matrix of the last whorl. Aperture heart-shaped, reinforced by thick callus; parietal shield extends to over half the height of the preceding whorl. Apertural dentition three-fold with the parietal lamella and the upper palatal tooth well-formed but not swollen, together forming a round sinulus. Upper columellar side of the aperture shows slight angularity and a low, weak columellar denticle close to peristome. Sinulus opening not shifted laterally but on the same plane as the rest of the aperture. Parietal lamella slender, twisting slightly to the right at the front of the aperture, directed towards the opposing palatal denticle. The parietal lamella forms a smooth ridge which narrows as it continues deep into the shell. Peristome expanded and slightly reflected; umbilicus slit-like, straight columella visible through transparent shell.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is dedicated to the French speleologist, Louis Renouard, who is a cave and karst specialist of central and northern Laos and who significantly contributed in the discovery, exploration and mapping of the two caves from which both
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pa ́ ll-Gergely in Pa ́ ll-Gergely, A. Reischuetz, Maassen, Grego & Hunyadi" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species derive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known only from the type locality, Tham Houey Yè cave.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475323" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Location and topography of type locality
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
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maps showing Laos, the geographical origin of the type localities of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pa ́ ll-Gergely in Pa ́ ll-Gergely, A. Reischuetz, Maassen, Grego & Hunyadi" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. renouardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. carychioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carychioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. carychioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The greyscale indicates the local mean elevation. This map was downloaded from WORLDCLIM (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276" author="Hijmans, RJ" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Climatology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1965 - 1978" refId="B10" refString="Hijmans, RJ, Cameron, SE, Parra, JL, Jones, PG, Jarvis, A, 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965 - 1978, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276" title="Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276" volume="25" year="2005">Hijmans et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) and political borders were retrieved from
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<bibRefCitation author="Esri Data and Maps" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Service geologique d'Indochine," pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Esri Data and Maps, 2002. Redlands, California: Environmental Systems Research Institute." title="Redlands, California: Environmental Systems Research Institute." year="2002">Esri Data and Maps (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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topographical map indicating geological formations and the type locality caves, 1 Tham Pou Kham (
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. carychioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carychioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. carychioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and 2 Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. renouardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.) in two independent karst networks. The map was created using QGIS software 2.18.24. The source of the data for the digital elevation model is SRTM 30 m.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Speleological map and ecology of Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="18.936388">18°56'11"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="102.42444">102°25'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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) including 11.2 km of caverns
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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shell of
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. renouardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. on moist substrate (image: M. Ferrand) and map of the cave showing the entrance to the cave, the collection site of
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. renouardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. marked by a red star and the entrance to the nearby touristic cave of Tham Pha Leusi. Tiny question marks on the map indicate uncertainties regarding the continuation of unexplored tiny galleries (
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<bibRefCitation author="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP" journalOrPublisher="EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP, 2003. Phuan Falang Gang 2003. Rapport d'expedition. EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" title="Phuan Falang Gang 2003. Rapport d'expedition." year="2003">EEGC et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP" journalOrPublisher="EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP, 2005. Vang Vieng: Inventaire des cavites. 179 pp." title="Vang Vieng: Inventaire des cavites. 179 pp." year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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landscape view from the entrance of Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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(image: M. Ferrand)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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west gallery (image: M. Ferrand)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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natural upper entrance of the cavern system Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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- Tham Pha Leusi (image: M. Ferrand)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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active section of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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River during the dry season in Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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(image: J- F. Fabriol).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jochum & Wackenheim" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea renouardi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. was collected 150 m from the cave entrance in a horizontal gallery usually flooded during the rainy season (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="18.9375">18°56'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="102.42361">102°25'25"E</geoCoordinate>
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). The ambient temperature outside the cave on 9 March 2019 at time of collection was 34 °C. Inside the cave, the temperature measured 26 °C. Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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is located within the Vang Vieng karst region comprising numerous cavities formed in Upper Permian limestone (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dussault, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Service geologique d'Indochine," pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B7" refString="Dussault, L, 1919. Contribution a la geologie du Laos. Bulletin du Service geologique d'Indochine, 6 (4): 1 - 28" title="Contribution a la geologie du Laos." volume="6" year="1919">Dussault 1919</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Saurin, E" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B19" refString="Saurin, E, 1962. Carte geologique du nord Laos au 1/500 000. Service Geographique National du Vietnam, 7." title="Carte geologique du nord Laos au 1 / 500 000. Service Geographique National du Vietnam, 7." year="1962">Saurin 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedouin, M" journalOrPublisher="Spelunca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="39 - 44" refId="B9" refString="Hedouin, M, Renouard, L, 2000. La zone karstique de Vang Vieng (Laos). Spelunca 77: 39 - 44" title="La zone karstique de Vang Vieng (Laos)." volume="77" year="2000">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hédouin">Hedouin</normalizedToken>
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and Renouard 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and harbours 11.2 km of galleries (
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<bibRefCitation author="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP" journalOrPublisher="EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP, 2003. Phuan Falang Gang 2003. Rapport d'expedition. EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" title="Phuan Falang Gang 2003. Rapport d'expedition." year="2003">EEGC et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP" journalOrPublisher="EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], ABIME, SCEP, 2005. Vang Vieng: Inventaire des cavites. 179 pp." title="Vang Vieng: Inventaire des cavites. 179 pp." year="2005">EEGC et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Speleological map and ecology of Tham Houey Ye (18 ° 56 ' 11 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 28 " E) including 11.2 km of caverns A shell of L. renouardi sp. nov. on moist substrate (image: M. Ferrand) and map of the cave showing the entrance to the cave, the collection site of L. renouardi sp. nov. marked by a red star and the entrance to the nearby touristic cave of Tham Pha Leusi. Tiny question marks on the map indicate uncertainties regarding the continuation of unexplored tiny galleries (EEGC et al. 2003, 2005) B landscape view from the entrance of Tham Houey Ye (image: M. Ferrand) C west gallery (image: M. Ferrand) D natural upper entrance of the cavern system Tham Houey Ye - Tham Pha Leusi (image: M. Ferrand) E active section of Ye River during the dry season in Tham Houey Ye (image: J- F. Fabriol)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Until fresh individuals can be found, it is not yet clear if
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pa ́ ll-Gergely in Pa ́ ll-Gergely, A. Reischuetz, Maassen, Grego & Hunyadi" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is cavernicolous/cave-dwelling or not. The lack of pigment in the transparent fresh shells of
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. renouardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="renouardi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. renouardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the paratype of
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. carychioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carychioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. carychioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suggests a subterranean ecology. Other taxa encountered March 2019 in Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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during the Phouhin Namno expedition (
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<bibRefCitation author="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres]" journalOrPublisher="EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B5" refString="EEGC [Club Etude et Exploration des Gouffres et Carrieres], 2019. Phouhin Namno 2019 Expedition speleo au Laos du 8 au 26 mars 2019. EEGC, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses" title="Phouhin Namno 2019 Expedition speleo au Laos du 8 au 26 mars 2019." year="2019">EEGC 2019</bibRefCitation>
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) and which are mostly still unidentified include: 1 juvenile cameanid snail, singular members of
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<taxonomicName family="Rhaphidophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Rhaphidophoridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996" authorityName="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zarcosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zarcosia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zarcosia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName authority="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996" authorityName="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zarcosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Collembola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Collembola</taxonomicName>
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, and different unidentified harvestmen (
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<taxonomicName authority="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996" authorityName="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Aderidae" genus="Zarcosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Arachnida</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996" authorityName="Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Aderidae" genus="Zarcosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Opiliones" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
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) as well as members of the spider genera,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="1999" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sinopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinopoda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sinopoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropoda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heteropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Arachnida</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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). The geoecological context of Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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|
is indicated also in its name:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Houey”">"Houey"</normalizedToken>
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means stream or river in the Kra-Dai language of the Lao people and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Yè”">"Ye"</normalizedToken>
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is the name of the river.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Subterranean snails have a low tolerance to pollution and habitat disturbance. Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
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is situated very close to a long-time popular tourist cave, Tham Pha Leusi (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="18.935">18°56'06"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="102.424164">102°25'27"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 250 m a.s.l.) (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Speleological map and ecology of Tham Houey Ye (18 ° 56 ' 11 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 28 " E) including 11.2 km of caverns A shell of L. renouardi sp. nov. on moist substrate (image: M. Ferrand) and map of the cave showing the entrance to the cave, the collection site of L. renouardi sp. nov. marked by a red star and the entrance to the nearby touristic cave of Tham Pha Leusi. Tiny question marks on the map indicate uncertainties regarding the continuation of unexplored tiny galleries (EEGC et al. 2003, 2005) B landscape view from the entrance of Tham Houey Ye (image: M. Ferrand) C west gallery (image: M. Ferrand) D natural upper entrance of the cavern system Tham Houey Ye - Tham Pha Leusi (image: M. Ferrand) E active section of Ye River during the dry season in Tham Houey Ye (image: J- F. Fabriol)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
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|
). The year after its discovery in 2000, Tham Houey
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yè">Ye</normalizedToken>
|
|
was opened for tourism. Direct tourist activity fortunately ceased a few years later due to the inconvenient necessity of having to crawl into the narrow opening of the cave (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Speleological map and ecology of Tham Houey Ye (18 ° 56 ' 11 " N, 102 ° 25 ' 28 " E) including 11.2 km of caverns A shell of L. renouardi sp. nov. on moist substrate (image: M. Ferrand) and map of the cave showing the entrance to the cave, the collection site of L. renouardi sp. nov. marked by a red star and the entrance to the nearby touristic cave of Tham Pha Leusi. Tiny question marks on the map indicate uncertainties regarding the continuation of unexplored tiny galleries (EEGC et al. 2003, 2005) B landscape view from the entrance of Tham Houey Ye (image: M. Ferrand) C west gallery (image: M. Ferrand) D natural upper entrance of the cavern system Tham Houey Ye - Tham Pha Leusi (image: M. Ferrand) E active section of Ye River during the dry season in Tham Houey Ye (image: J- F. Fabriol)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.36.58977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
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|
). The proximity of these two caves, and the sharing of the wear and tear impact associated with tourism in addition to potentially polluted allogenic runoff draining into their karst cavities, would very probably threaten
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jochum & Wackenheim" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Diapheridae" genus="Laoennea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laoennea renouardi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="renouardi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laoennea renouardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. as well as other subterranean fauna. It is paramount that conscientious regulation of tourism and water management schemes guard against this potential threat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |