239 lines
30 KiB
XML
239 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297126" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c8a734d-c9bf-4cf9-8d05-ef1cc6a3a024" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905089120" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="B9E37FA448AEA58D3B0F8B6B5465A5E3" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Afrosoricida.71-81.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Afrosoricida Stanhope 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="ECD0AAEF9D4B901FFFAEF2116D11AC61" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="ECD0AAEF9D4B901FFFAEF2116D11AC61" masterDocTitle="Order Afrosoricida" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1716775984399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="94A004AB24B05F0B231F499BD21F5F4B">Order Afrosoricida</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5AE23F85A9594BED8C19B1A7409BE536">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F519AEF5A4B8B0926FC8B0A355CE5175">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E28D4DF1857010EF69095A577529EA50">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="3C37231C06CBFE0FCCD590A9994D38B0">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="44F5E56549AAA13C7EE0FAC75BF0ED2C">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="CE53E9F5B303325EB77FAF1DA9DBFB3A">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="101BABDE74E61AC1FB9E1DF5044038B8">
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<mods:title id="B1374E5BBD26374F052EE25FA3E9495D">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="2D7FE98D2AB5C8C5B8C51FA0B7FC141C">71</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="7AF7A1C6D4ED921C194E51BA0C18A2EF">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4D04338712548C23DDD747535E71DBA5" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40E25683E02C2D643CB55967099AFEB9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B9E37FA448AEA58D3B0F8B6B5465A5E3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9E37FA448AEA58D3B0F8B6B5465A5E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9E37FA448AEA58D3B0F8B6B5465A5E3" lastPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11100001">
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<subSubSection id="4D1A42B4DEB663A46E64D714269D330F" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="84A04D5DD9FA233ECDFD164C52561992" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="72DD91718C7A50772FA9556E6FDC30AF" ID-CoL="N5" authority="Stanhope 1998" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida Stanhope 1998</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C656C9A1F1E87FE5490C99BEACBCA8" pageNumber="71" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="633811A556EAB6A659BFF92B9441DDD0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="7F057A07A194BEC22B37434EC76AF128" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="71">Families:</emphasis>
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2 families with 19 genera and 51 species in 2 suborders:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A201F7086B60EB0CB3CD976ABFA3CD3" pageNumber="71">
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Suborder
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<taxonomicName id="33456F7679E7F842AC5575B1ECFD9FDC" authority="Butler 1972" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="TENRECOMORPHA">
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TENRECOMORPHA
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<bibRefCitation id="0A23EFEC9EBD80C532F9B913F736688A" author="Butler, P. M." refId="ref47777" refString="Butler, P. M. 1972. The problem of insectivore classification. Pp. 253 - 265, in Studies in vertebrate evolution (K. A. Joysey and T. S. Kemp, eds.). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 284 pp." year="1972">Butler 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C1201A9666A4F520D9992F3A9B42B0D" pageNumber="71">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="612BE4213F9EFA1790F9E59CADA944E8" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Tenrecidae
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<bibRefCitation id="8D98700D82A1442995C618E0D6A77451" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(10 genera with 30 species and 2 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4BBD6904CBE94824BA61A17EDCE0D94A" pageNumber="71">
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Suborder
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<taxonomicName id="D0A9A5DBCA63886ACD081FB9BD7CD6BB" authority="Broom 1915" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="CHRYSOCHLORIDEA">CHRYSOCHLORIDEA Broom 1915</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2BF4672E03037C1FF5F4DC2389DC6232" pageNumber="71">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="5D3BEA5AA83E2ADC9FB0CBD09078D9F1" authority="Gray 1825" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Chrysochloridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Chrysochloridae
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<bibRefCitation id="E39A6DC26EBD971E06FEFA6F7E01D297" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127941" refString="Gray, J. E. 1825. Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe. Annals of Philosophy, n. s., ser. 2, 10: 337 - 344." year="1825">Gray 1825</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(9 genera with 21 species and 27 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF39B708CBC2FE4081544598EB953D2D" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4BDCA96869EF4F92E09A48AF670BF8F4" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis id="6393C5CFB88EFA3D086638F32F558AAE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="71">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="BF0650A9C2A124F5FEC86949C82E84D6" pageNumber="71">
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Traditionally included in the Lipotyphla (= Insectivora
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<emphasis id="D39FA242AD3F1650D5C4678E3BB436C5" italics="true" pageNumber="71">sensu stricto</emphasis>
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). Various molecular studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="E6C518C5A9148CE3E836C2742FC40319" author="Madsen, O. & M. Scally & C. J. Douady & D. Kao & R. W. Debry & R. Adkins & H. M. Amrine & M. J. Stanhope & W. W. de Jong & M. S. Springer" refId="ref221387" refString="Madsen, O., M. Scally, C. J. Douady, D. Kao, R. W. Debry, R. Adkins, H. M. Amrine, M. J. Stanhope, W. W. de Jong, and M. S. Springer. 2001. Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals. Nature, 409: 610 - 614." year="2001">Madsen et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8AB8D84F0904AC5E46506D864E36FF66" author="Murphy, W. J. & E. Eizirik & W. E. Johnson & Ya Ping Zhang, O. A. & Ryder & S. O'Brien" refId="ref250371" refString="Murphy, W. J., E. Eizirik, W. E. Johnson, Ya Ping Zhang, O. A. Ryder and S. O'Brien. 2001 a. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature, 409: 614 - 618." year="2001">
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Murphy et al., 2001
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<emphasis id="D7A7D7EDA2D1A0A8CD8C6532EAD0DB8F" italics="true" pageNumber="71">a, b</emphasis>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5B3D6EF7A76B32A7A148B42C3754ABFD" author="Springer, M. S. & H. A. Amrine & A. Burk & M. J. Stanhope" refId="ref337910" refString="Springer, M. S., H. A. Amrine, A. Burk, and M. J. Stanhope. 1999. Additional support for Afrotheria and Paenungulata, the performance of mitochondrial versus nuclear genes, and the impact of data partitions with heterogeneous base composition. Systematic Biology, 48: 65 - 75." year="1999">Springer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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) and syntheses of morphological and molecular data (
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<bibRefCitation id="0EB3EBA76D5BA0EBAD649E20ACD08E1D" author="Asher, R. J. & M. J. Novacek & J. H. Geisler" refId="ref14540" refString="Asher, R. J., M. J. Novacek, and J. H. Geisler. 2003. Relationships of endemic African mammals and their fossil relatives based on morphological and molecular evidence. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 10: 131 - 194." year="2003">Asher et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="98EF9FA68C00A8A9BE1611399AF7CED4" author="Liu, F. - G. R. & M. M. Miyamoto & N. P. Freire & P. Q. Ong & M. R. Tennant & T. S. Young & K. F. Gugel" refId="ref214840" refString="Liu, F. - G. R., M. M. Miyamoto, N. P. Freire, P. Q. Ong, M. R. Tennant, T. S. Young, and K. F. Gugel. 2001. Molecular and morphological supertrees for eutherian (placental) mammals. Science, 291: 1786 - 1789." year="2001">Liu et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) support a clade containing tenrecs and golden moles, which
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<bibRefCitation id="C43BA4C5DA9E2E7567662FE4E7704D3B" author="Stanhope, M. J. & V. G. Waddell & O. Madsen & W. de Jong & S. Blair Hedges & G. C. Cleven & D. Kao & M. Springer" refId="ref338696" refString="Stanhope, M. J., V. G. Waddell, O. Madsen, W. de Jong, S. Blair Hedges, G. C. Cleven, D. Kao, and M. Springer. 1998. Molecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectivora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 95: 9967 - 9972." year="1998">Stanhope et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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named
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<taxonomicName id="702AF5CE76B2C0A723849AA30E84BC37" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
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. This name is inappropriate since this clade does not include soricids, and could lead to confusion with the soricid subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="35E6A1D19E2156A86CE445809ADD75E2" authority="Hutterer, 1986" authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Afrosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5E536B580111B11550F5D2453AD2F0E" italics="true" pageNumber="71">Afrosorex</emphasis>
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Hutterer, 1986
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</taxonomicName>
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. Noting that
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<taxonomicName id="C94293A2A65A9581007D41F7BBBDEEE5" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tenrecomorpha">
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Tenrecomorpha
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<bibRefCitation id="B640FA3111C928CD06C14A164F2122EA" author="Butler, P. M." refId="ref47777" refString="Butler, P. M. 1972. The problem of insectivore classification. Pp. 253 - 265, in Studies in vertebrate evolution (K. A. Joysey and T. S. Kemp, eds.). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 284 pp." year="1972">
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Butler,
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<date id="08095E66CAB5E97247557F3CFC89315A" value="1972-05">1972 may</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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be a prior, and more explicit name for this clade following Simpson’s (1945) guidelines for naming superfamial taxa,
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<bibRefCitation id="EEE7E18BDD2C95A45062BB1D40AE8705" author="Bronner, G. N. & M. Hoffman & P. J. Taylor & C. T. Chimimba & P. B. Best & C. A. Mathee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref43034" refString="Bronner, G. N., M. Hoffman, P. J. Taylor, C. T. Chimimba, P. B. Best, C. A. Mathee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. A revised systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion. Durban Museum Novitates, 28: 56 - 106." year="2003">Bronner et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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nevertheless accepted
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<taxonomicName id="06F7F4276AFBA869843F88B13461B586" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
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because this name is entrenched in the recent literature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B8B26E406E4F5DEAEE7AB0C7273A52F" pageNumber="71">
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While
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<taxonomicName id="FACA35CC9B81E8BEAF4421E7880ABD8E" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
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is widely used as a name for a tenrec-golden mole clade (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="3F88F129C79C9EB9B2C94DC70F676D7E" author="Cao, Y. & M. Fujiwara & M. Nikaido & N. Okada & M. Hasegawa" refId="ref50325" refString="Cao, Y., M. Fujiwara, M. Nikaido, N. Okada, and M. Hasegawa. 2000. Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data. Gene, 259: 149 - 158." year="2000">Cao et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="F0F743B8173749D45DF7A7B4D08F9959" author="de Jong, W. W. & M. van Dijk & C. Poux & G. Kapp & T. van Rheede & O. Madsen" refId="ref79390" refString="de Jong, W. W., M. van Dijk, C. Poux, G. Kapp, T. van Rheede, and O. Madsen. 2003. Indels in protein-coding sequences of Euarchontoglires constrain the rooting of the eutherian tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28: 328 - 340." year="2003">de Jong et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1A49FBD403FC47E7D78DFB62AA1855C5" author="Douady, C. J. & F. Catzeflis & D. J. Kao & M. S. Springer & M. J. Stanhope" refId="ref87979" refString="Douady, C. J., F. Catzeflis, D. J. Kao, M. S. Springer, and M. J. Stanhope. 2002 a. Molecular evidence for the monophyly of tenrecidae (Mammalia) and the timing of the colonization of Madagascar by Malagasy tenrecs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22: 357 - 363." year="2002">
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Douady et al., 2002
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<emphasis id="037F731DFD7A8E6F0CC17F1CE6D128E8" italics="true" pageNumber="71">a,b</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6A27B6F66F4F9AD9879C1BE8C927D1C4" author="Hedges, S. B." refId="ref144855" refString="Hedges, S. B. 2001. Afrotheria: Plate tectonics meets genomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98: 1 - 2." year="2001">Hedges, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="6F9F610836E0052B470F500CD710E700" author="Helgen, K. M." refId="ref145995" refString="Helgen, K. M. 2003 a. Major mammalian clades: A review under consideration of molecular and palaeontological evidence. Mammalian Biology, 68: 1 - 15." year="2003">
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Helgen, 2003
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<emphasis id="F26660EF4A4BE34A47C1F910170ED95B" italics="true" pageNumber="71">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="17BD7D018AF532F25327A03626A26DDE" author="Scally, M. & O. Madsen & C. J. Douady & W. W. de Jong & M. J. Stanhope & M. S. Springer" refId="ref318378" refString="Scally, M., O. Madsen, C. J. Douady, W. W. de Jong, M. J. Stanhope, and M. S. Springer. 2001. Molecular evidence for the major clades of placental mammals. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 8: 239 - 277." year="2001">Scally et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031E7AF5D76D23534B28675EFADA38AD" author="van Dijk, M. & O. Madsen & F. Catzeflis & M. J. Stanhope & W. W. de Jong & M. Pagel" refId="ref365520" refString="van Dijk, M., O. Madsen, F. Catzeflis, M. J. Stanhope, W. W. de Jong, and M. Pagel. 2001. Protein sequence signatures support the African clade of mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98: 188 - 193." year="2001">van Dijk et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B71DE2735B365687B4021094AD7F1E77" author="Waddell, P. J. & H. Kishino & R. Ota" refId="ref379824" refString="Waddell, P. J., H. Kishino, and R. Ota. 2001. Phylogenetic Foundation for Comparative Mammalian Genomics. Genome Informatics, 12: 141 - 154." year="2001">Waddell et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), some authors have argued that Tenrecoidea
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<bibRefCitation id="1DE2858DBB5EC35B9A7A93EA644F0807" author="McDowell, S. B." refId="ref233066" refString="McDowell, S. B. 1958. The Greater Antillean insectivores. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 115: 115 - 214." year="1958">McDowell, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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is the prior valid name for this taxon (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="842D9E51BE9F2A8493925579DFD1B782" author="Archibald, J. D." refId="ref13075" refString="Archibald, J. D. 2003. Timing and biogeography of the eutherian radiation: Fossils and molecules compared. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28: 350 - 359." year="2003">Archibald, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="79C40481A00FF2BE7CB68B5F82783F98" author="Asher, R. J." refId="ref14415" refString="Asher, R. J. 2000. Phylogenetic history of Tenrecs and other insectivoran mammals. Ph. D. Dissertation, State University of New York, Stony Brook." year="2000">Asher, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9B69E0FFBD8593D12A5A2397D9BCCB2A" author="Malia, M. J. & R. M. Adkins & M. W. Allard" refId="ref222912" refString="Malia, M. J., R. M. Adkins, and M. W. Allard. 2002. Molecular support for Afrotheria and the polyphyly of Lipotyphla based on analyses of the growth hormone receptor gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 24: 91 - 101" year="2002">Malia et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="D9DF18ACBC56FAB313F4B6CCD5138767" author="Mouchaty, S. K." refId="ref249099" refString="Mouchaty, S. K. 1999. Mammalian molecular systematics with emphasis on the insectivore Order Lipotyphla. Ph. D. dissertation. Lund University." year="1999">Mouchaty, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). Tenrecoidea, however, was first used by
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<bibRefCitation id="FE0FCC2DCCCF7A0DD9BCE6A1A3B01C1C" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328847" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1931. A new classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 59: 259 - 293." year="1931">Simpson (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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as a corrected superfamily name for Cententoidea, and comprised various "zalambdodont" taxa (
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<taxonomicName id="1207970E4C96315107A6C18489B8871A" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Solenodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Solenodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F49FB4E8DE0B8B5A342C5B5173907FF" class="Mammalia" family="Potamogalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potamogalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B189071EC6091E9CFC81B1A66B9D22A8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tenrecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26BEF97ADE2545E2F94991B813D9689A" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeoryctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeoryctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D07929AAA1518CA808D5A274D932224B" class="Mammalia" family="Apternodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Apternodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but not chrysochlorids (assigned to a separate superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99BD5322D24F3E507B3ABDBDFBCA8ED0" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chrysochloridea">Chrysochloridea</taxonomicName>
|
||
). McDowell’s (1958) restriction of Tenrecoidea to include only golden moles and tenrecs (thus identical in composition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1899F8E3813BE5D61700078F6CFF40D" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
|
||
) implied a fundamentally different grouping concept to that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C955578F4047322F992F4FAB8C163DA" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328847" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1931. A new classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 59: 259 - 293." year="1931">Simpson (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; usage of this name arguably violates Simpson’s (1945:33) guidelines (29-30) for reasonable emendation, and also his recommendation that superfamily names (ending in –oidea) should be avoided. Priority, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="63549F66D5E3A84784CAC909EC3BEEC1" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson (1945:33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
advocated as a deciding criterion only ".
|
||
<emphasis id="EEED4C09CFE42EADF88ABC0E1FAAB514" italics="true" pageNumber="71">when other things are about equal</emphasis>
|
||
." is thus insufficient to justify acceptance of McDowell’s (1958) revised "Tenrecoidea". Even if accepted, this name should be ascribed to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBD44E9D13A4576C6CC6A627AC669C17" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328847" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1931. A new classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 59: 259 - 293." year="1931">Simpson, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8585F693F4FAD07408998FD2BABE3FFB" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson 1945:32</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– guideline 23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="022FA87685903B1695E57C8C7CD7846F" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B398082BCA73847CA19B548FCD3DBCF" author="Simpson, G. G." refId="ref328847" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1931. A new classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 59: 259 - 293." year="1931">Simpson (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the term "tenrecoid" has also been widely misused as a general name for a vaguely defined grouping of (extinct and extant) taxa characterized by zalambdodonty, even though it has become clear that some of these were not technically zalambdodont, and that zalambdodonty may have arisen independently several times (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F62FD7DBB5B8EF2B52046928048693B" author="Broom, R." refId="ref43182" refString="Broom, R. 1916. On the structure of the skull in Chrysochloris. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1916: 449 - 459." year="1916">Broom, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This further militates against its stricter nomenclatorial use, even at taxonomic ranks below order.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7443B3970C507A846D2D607501369D8E" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8803AF4A19D52F078A527653DC02C1F" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tenrecomorpha">Tenrecomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a problematic name for the tenrec-golden mole clade (
|
||
<emphasis id="E94BA6B3C9C3865FBC010915DBB94D68" italics="true" pageNumber="71">c.f</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4AEF5819EDF1DC2E0FE1C40AEF1398D8" author="Bronner, G. N. & M. Hoffman & P. J. Taylor & C. T. Chimimba & P. B. Best & C. A. Mathee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref43034" refString="Bronner, G. N., M. Hoffman, P. J. Taylor, C. T. Chimimba, P. B. Best, C. A. Mathee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. A revised systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion. Durban Museum Novitates, 28: 56 - 106." year="2003">Bronner et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2C8BD3EB67E9B26EF9030A3579A2EE4" author="Butler, P. M." refId="ref47777" refString="Butler, P. M. 1972. The problem of insectivore classification. Pp. 253 - 265, in Studies in vertebrate evolution (K. A. Joysey and T. S. Kemp, eds.). Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 284 pp." year="1972">Butler (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used this name for a suborder of the Lipotyphla (Insectivora
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8EF15964D3B34AEEE1C5A2248DCAD4" italics="true" pageNumber="71">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) to accommodate only the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBAEF25D57DA4623C6E51E0C435B7E01" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tenrecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and assigned chrysochlorids to the separate suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C9AC3723D577684E983328B41A56B8B" authority="Broom, 1915" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Chrysochloridea">Chrysochloridea Broom, 1915</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8581F2809C71B64B8C08E7F5A60D99D" author="Butler, P. M." refId="ref47875" refString="Butler, P. M. 1988. Phylogeny of the Insectivores. Pp. 117 - 141, in The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods: Volume 2. (M. J. Benton, ed.). Clarendon Press, Oxford, 329 pp." year="1988">Butler (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tentatively accepted a common origin of these families, but argued for their early separation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3196E8A33D0992256739B4978548760A" author="Eisenberg, J. F." refId="ref91947" refString="Eisenberg, J. F. 1981. The mammalian radiations: An analysis of trends in evolution, adaptation, and behaviour. Athlone Press, London, 610 pp." year="1981">Eisenberg (1981:63)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="864C265AF18F045157F4918F7F34B73A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tenrecomorpha">Tenrecomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate clade from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDB575FC4AAC908CD5862B9CD176F6B6" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Chrysochloridea">Chrysochloridea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but elsewhere (p. 113) included chrysochlorids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D5C4D57A45E31405176D366D7DAA23A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tenrecomorpha">Tenrecomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
without giving any character support. While Mouchaty et al. (2000) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E579D2067A28048D7529DB88E2B4B967" author="Waddell, P. J. & S. Shelley" refId="ref379733" refString="Waddell, P. J., and S. Shelley. 2003. Evaluating placental inter-ordinal phylogenies with novel sequences including RAG 1, gamma-fibrinogen, ND 6, and mt-tRNA, plus MCMC-driven nucleotide, amino acid, and codon models. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28: 197 - 224." year="2003">Waddell and Shelley (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA8F028C631E02C28A3CF896CAAD83F1" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1972" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tenrecomorpha">Tenrecomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this context, this name has most consistently been used to include only tenrecs (e.g. MacPhee and Novecek, 1993) and consequently is better applied at the subordinal level to separate tenrecids from chrysochlorids, in accordance with both morphological and molecular data suggesting early phylogenetic divergence of these taxa. Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21DBCC87C2BC087885EE36CC88FF1E7A" author="Bronner, G. N. & M. Hoffman & P. J. Taylor & C. T. Chimimba & P. B. Best & C. A. Mathee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref43034" refString="Bronner, G. N., M. Hoffman, P. J. Taylor, C. T. Chimimba, P. B. Best, C. A. Mathee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. A revised systematic checklist of the extant mammals of the southern African subregion. Durban Museum Novitates, 28: 56 - 106." year="2003">Bronner et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we therefore reluctantly accept
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85502F6C486E3516E09F9C9E48F6106D" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the most specific name for a tenrecid-chrysochlorid clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F75DCF05A56D1530CAABC65A76799B0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The supraordinal affiliation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D3A5AFDA6CAE3D0539EF6211CF8498C" authorityName="Stanhope" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Afrosoricida</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains controversial. Molecular data strongly support an affinity within the Afrotheria, whereas morphological data suggest a closer relationship to lipotyphlans. Lipotyphlan monophyly, however, is only weakly supported by cladistic analyses of morphological data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C02423D4548596DA8CE68EE5450BC772" author="Asher, R. J." refId="ref14381" refString="Asher, R. J. 1999. A morphological basis for assessing the phylogeny of the " Tenrecoidea " (Mammalia, Lipotyphla). Cladistiscs, 15: 231 - 252." year="1999">Asher, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and phylogenetic analyses of combined anatomical and molecular data strongly support the inclusion of afrosoricids within Afrotheria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36464923343CCFF304F0184750F8BE27" author="Asher, R. J. & M. J. Novacek & J. H. Geisler" refId="ref14540" refString="Asher, R. J., M. J. Novacek, and J. H. Geisler. 2003. Relationships of endemic African mammals and their fossil relatives based on morphological and molecular evidence. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 10: 131 - 194." year="2003">Asher et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |