178 lines
18 KiB
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178 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.742.22900" ID-PMC="PMC5904565" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-742-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD6FF98D84FFA0EFFFFFF87FFFFFF86" ID-PubMed="29670431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222395" ID-ZooBank="E50E81C28E7A419A8705ECD367A6D7B5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-742-57" checkinTime="1520934681211" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L. & Aldebron, Charlotte" docDate="2018" docId="B943F06A5EF156EAC9ACBBBC5A113AB0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 742: 57-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 742" docPubDate="2018-03-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.742.22900" docTitle="Thoasia Liebke 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFD6FF98D84FFA0EFFFFFF87FFFFFF86" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFD6FF98D84FFA0EFFFFFF87FFFFFF86" masterDocTitle="Neotropical Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668165558851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aldebron, Charlotte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-03-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>742</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.742.22900</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.742.22900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-742-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E50E81C28E7A419A8705ECD367A6D7B5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD6FF98D84FFA0EFFFFFF87FFFFFF86</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1222395</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="142225537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B943F06A5EF156EAC9ACBBBC5A113AB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B943F06A5EF156EAC9ACBBBC5A113AB0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B943F06A-5EF1-56EA-C9AC-BBBC5A113AB0" authority="Liebke, 1939" authorityName="Liebke" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thoasia Liebke, 1939</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Digital Photo-illustrations. Habitus, dorsal aspect: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, female, ADP 148165 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., female, ADP 148174 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 100320. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190687" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pentagonal arboreal carabid beetles Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Digital Photo-illustrations. A Habitus, dorsal aspect: Thoasia surinamensis Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 112239. Scale line = 1.00 mm B Female reproductive system dorsal aspect: Thoasia manu, Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100301. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp., spermatheca; lt, laterotergite; co, common oviduct; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2, des, dorsal ensiform seta, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2. Scale bar: 0.50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190688" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Digital Photo-illustrations, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, ADP 152522 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., ADP 13748 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100336. Legend, lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere; pb, phallobase; bo, phallobase orifice; ps, phalloshaft; a, phalloapex; ml, median lobe. Scale bar: 0.50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190689" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Digital Photo-illustrations. Habitus, dorsal aspect. A Straneotia cylindroceps Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 100396 B Straneotia moi Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., female, ADP 141236 C Straneotia confundis Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., male, ADP 152452 D Straneotia amazonica Mateu, Holotype female. Scale bar: 1.00 mm (A-C); ABL = 5.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190690" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebke" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thoasia</taxonomicName>
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Liebke, 1939:129.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebke" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia rugifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Thoasia rugifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebke, M" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="28" pageNumber="85" pagination="91 - 130" refId="B18" refString="Liebke, M, 1939. Neue Laufkaefer. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr. Embrik Strand 5: 91 - 130" title="Neue Laufkaefer. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr." volume="5" year="1939">Liebke 1939</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy. Type area.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Venezuela</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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(cf. Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Digital Photo-illustrations. Habitus, dorsal aspect: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, female, ADP 148165 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., female, ADP 148174 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 100320. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190687" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Digital Photo-illustrations. A Habitus, dorsal aspect: Thoasia surinamensis Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 112239. Scale line = 1.00 mm B Female reproductive system dorsal aspect: Thoasia manu, Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100301. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp., spermatheca; lt, laterotergite; co, common oviduct; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2, des, dorsal ensiform seta, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2. Scale bar: 0.50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190688" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Digital Photo-illustrations, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects: A Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, ADP 152522 B Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., ADP 13748 C Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., ADP 100336. Legend, lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere; pb, phallobase; bo, phallobase orifice; ps, phalloshaft; a, phalloapex; ml, median lobe. Scale bar: 0.50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190689" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Digital Photo-illustrations. Habitus, dorsal aspect. A Straneotia cylindroceps Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., female, ADP 100396 B Straneotia moi Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., female, ADP 141236 C Straneotia confundis Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., male, ADP 152452 D Straneotia amazonica Mateu, Holotype female. Scale bar: 1.00 mm (A-C); ABL = 5.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.742.22900.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/190690" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">4</figureCitation>
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). Neck constricted, width less than that of base of pronotum; eyes moderately large, not hemispherical; frons moderately rugose, more or less anteriorly depressed. Prothorax more or less subequal in width to that of the head across eyes; sides of pronotum narrowly reflexed throughout, more broadly reflexed and markedly angulate at mid-lateral setigerous pore. Elytron at basal third not depressed, surface even, disc striate and punctate. Flight wings of a dusky color. Basitarsus of mid and hind legs markedly elongate, co-equal to length of tarsomeres 2-5; claws serrate. Male only with two rows of white adhesive setae on venter of tarsomeres 1-3; both sexes with long hooked white setae on tarsomere 5. Male with a pair of setae each side on abdominal sternum VII; female with 3 setae each side on abdominal sternum VII. Male endophallus without flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="dispersal potential">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Dispersal potential.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">The wings are fully developed in adults of all known species, thus it is likely these beetles are moderate to strong flyers.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A widespread Neotropical genus known from Colombia, south to southeastern Brazil, in the west to Bolivia, and northeast to French Guiana.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="ways of life">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ways of life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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Little is known about the species in this genus and the little that is known is reported here for the first time. Adults of one species are regularly collected
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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both the wet and dry seasons using insecticidal fogging techniques in many species of trees reaching the forest canopy in the Amazon Basin, thus they are certainly most times arboreal. They are good flyers as evidenced by their capture in FITs in French Guiana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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Only one species has been previously described in this genus from Venezuela and from only one specimen. Adults of the species most commonly collected in canopy samples in Ecuador and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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were misidentified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. rugifrons" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="rugifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">T. rugifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Liebke, but that species is only known to be from Venezuela and French Guiana. To date, the most common species in canopy samples is described below, as new.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebke, M" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="28" pageNumber="85" pagination="91 - 130" refId="B18" refString="Liebke, M, 1939. Neue Laufkaefer. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr. Embrik Strand 5: 91 - 130" title="Neue Laufkaefer. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr." volume="5" year="1939">Liebke 1939</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="27" pageNumber="84" refId="B5" refString="Erwin, TL, 1991. Natural history of the carabid beetles at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia (1990) 33: 1-85." title="Natural history of the carabid beetles at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, Pakitza, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia (1990) 33: 1 - 85." year="1991">Erwin 1991</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="included species">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">The species list below, as well as the arrangement of descriptions that follows, is ordered alphabetically within two species groups.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="rugifrons species group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">rugifrons</emphasis>
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species group
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebke" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia rugifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Thoasia rugifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Liebke, 1939, French Guiana, Venezuela.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Aldebron" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia surinamensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Thoasia surinamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Erwin & Aldebron,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">sp. n.</emphasis>
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, Suriname.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Aldebron & Erwin" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia pterosmaragdos" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pterosmaragdos">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Thoasia pterosmaragdos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Aldebron & Erwin,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">sp. n.</emphasis>
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, French Guiana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="manu species group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">manu</emphasis>
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species group
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Aldebron" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoasia manu" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manu">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Thoasia manu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Erwin & Aldebron,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">sp. n.</emphasis>
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, Ecuador,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |