278 lines
19 KiB
XML
278 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.6837" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9284c7a4-0d8c-418c-9ca5-31d324ea27c1" ID-PMC="PMC4400376" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-494-31" ID-PubMed="25901113" ID-ZBK="1AF03AFB5B0A4C0AA2F23CC8D52CFA48" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-494-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 494" ModsDocTitle="Parachironomus Lenz from China and Japan (Diptera, Chironomidae)" checkinTime="1451244477938" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yan, Chun-Cai, Yan, Jiao, Jiang, Li, Guo, Qin, Liu, Ting, Ge, Xin-yu, Wang, Xin-Hua & Pan, Bao-ping" docDate="2015" docId="56CEE68102AFEC229201CCDE1E26DB2F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 494: 31-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 494" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.6837" docTitle="Parachironomus monochromus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="04000A13FF8EFFA9FFE95621FFD3FFE7" masterDocTitle="Parachironomus Lenz from China and Japan (Diptera, Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668160167643" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Parachironomus Lenz from China and Japan (Diptera, Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yan, Chun-Cai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yan, Jiao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Li</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guo, Qin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Ting</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ge, Xin-yu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xin-Hua</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pan, Bao-ping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>494</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>31</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.6837</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.494.6837</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-494-31</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1AF03AFB5B0A4C0AA2F23CC8D52CFA48</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1AF03AFB5B0A4C0AA2F23CC8D52CFA48</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56CEE68102AFEC229201CCDE1E26DB2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56CEE68102AFEC229201CCDE1E26DB2F" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Chironomidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName authority="van der Wulp" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachironomus monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus">Parachironomus monochromus (van der Wulp)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 8-10
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Chironomus unicolor</taxonomicName>
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van der Wulp, 1859: 5 (primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Chironomus unicolor</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1848).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus">Chironomus monochromus</taxonomicName>
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van der Wulp, 1875: 129 (replacement name for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Chironomus unicolor</taxonomicName>
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van der Wulp).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) claviforceps" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviforceps" subGenus="Cryptochironomus">Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) claviforceps</taxonomicName>
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Edwards, 1929: 389.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tendipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tendipes (Parachironomus) monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus" subGenus="Parachironomus">Tendipes (Parachironomus) monochromus</taxonomicName>
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(van der Wulp). -
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<bibRefCitation author="Kruseman, G" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" pagination="119 - 216" title="Tendipedidae Neerlandicae. Pars I. Genus Tendipes cum generibus finitimis." volume="76" year="1933">Kruseman (1933</bibRefCitation>
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: 192).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tendipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tendipes" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tendipes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptochironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptochironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptochironomus</taxonomicName>
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gr.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachironomus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parachironomus</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName lsidName="monochromus" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="monochromus">monochromus</taxonomicName>
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(van der Wulp). - Goetghebuer (1937 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Goetghebuer, M" editor="Lindner, E" journalOrPublisher="Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 138" title="Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). b. Subfamilie Tendipedinae (Chironominae). A. Die Imagines." volume="3" year="1937 - 1954">1937-1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 46).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachironomus monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus">Parachironomus monochromus</taxonomicName>
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(van der Wulp). -
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Brundin (1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 55);
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<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" pagination="129 - 158" title="Revision der Europaeischen Arten (Imagines ♂♂) der Gattung Parachironomus Lenz (Diptera, Chironomidae)." url="10.1007/BF00751287" volume="33" year="1970">Lehmann (1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 146);
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<bibRefCitation author="Pinder, LCV" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 169" title="A key to adult males of British Chironomidae the non-biting midges" year="1978">Pinder (1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 130);
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<bibRefCitation author="Albu, P" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Insecta, Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 320" title="Fam. Chironomidae, Subfam. Chironominae." volume="11" year="1980">Albu (1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 131);
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<bibRefCitation author="Langton, PH" journalOrPublisher="Huntingdon, England" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" title="A key to pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Chironomidae." year="1991">Langton (1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 274);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kobayashi, T" journalOrPublisher="Medical Entomology and zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" pagination="79 - 84" title="Harnischiaohmuraensis sp. n. and the first record of Parachironomusmonochromus (van der Wulp, 1874) from Japan (Diptera: Chironomidae)." volume="50" year="1999">Kobayashi and Suzuki (1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 82);
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<bibRefCitation author="Spies, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" pagination="125 - 143" title="A contribution to the knowledge of Holarctic Parachironomus Lenz (Diptera: Chironomidae), with two new species and a provisional key to Nearctic adult males." url="10.1163/22119434-99900041" volume="143" year="2000">Spies (2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 126).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">CHINA: 8 males, Tianjin City, Campus of Nankai University, 8 males, 12, 16. iv. 1985; 20. iv. 1986, X. Wang; 1 male, Hebei Province, Weichang County, Jixielinchang, 15. vii. 2001, sweep net, Y. Guo.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="diagnostic characters">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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The species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: anal tergite with distinct cluster of enlarged posterodorsal setae; anal point basal section intergrading with anal tergite, distal part strongly angled to ventral; superior volsella without apical or posterolateral projection; inferior volsella with lobe at least to median; gonostylus mostly slender, slightly curved, with distal widening to dorsal peaking around 2/3 of gonostylus length (excerpt from
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<bibRefCitation author="Spies, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" pagination="125 - 143" title="A contribution to the knowledge of Holarctic Parachironomus Lenz (Diptera: Chironomidae), with two new species and a provisional key to Nearctic adult males." url="10.1163/22119434-99900041" volume="143" year="2000">Spies 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 129).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Redescription</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">(Chinese specimens). Male imago (n=9, unless otherwise stated). Total length 2.58-3.83, 3.38 mm. Wing length 1.30-1.98, 1.80 (8) mm. Total length/wing length 1.80-1.98, 1.88 (8). Wing length/length of profemur 2.28-2.57, 2.48 (8).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Coloration. Thorax yellowish green to dark brown. Front legs with femora yellowish green to dark brown, tibiae and tarsi dark brown except for tarsi I yellowish green in basal 4/5; mid and hind legs yellowish green to yellowish brown except for tarsi V dark brown. Abdomen yellowish green to dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Head. AR 1.86-2.27, 2.12. Terminal flagellomere 540-720, 673
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Frontal tubercles absent (7) or present (2), cone-shaped, 15-22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high, 12-22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base. Temporal setae 18-22, 20, including 5-7, 6 inner verticals, 7-8, 8 outer verticals, and 5-8, 6 postorbitals. Clypeus with 14-20, 17 (8) setae. Tentorium 100-133, 120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 18-43, 33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Palpomere lengths (in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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): 30-50, 40; 35-58, 51; 103-133, 110; 130-180, 153 (8); 178-220, 201 (8). Length ratio 5th/3rd palpomere 1.21-1.73, 1.58 (8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Thorax. Antepronotals 2-5, 3 (8), acrostichals 10-14, 12 (8), dorsocentrals 8-14, 11, prealars 4-6, 5 (8). Scutellum with 6-10, 8 (7) setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Wing (Fig. 8). VR 1.11-1.17, 1.15 (8), R with 16-27, 20 (8) setae, R1 with 10-17, 13 (8) setae, R4+5 with 21-29, 26 (8) setae. Brachiolum with 2-3, 2 (8) setae. Squama with 7-16, 12 (8) setae.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Figures 8-10.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachironomus monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus">Parachironomus monochromus</taxonomicName>
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(van der Wulp), Chinese specimens. 8 Wing 9 Dorsal view of hypopygium 10 Ventral view of hypopygium.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Legs. Front tibia with 3 subapical setae, 90-130, 104 (7), 98-133, 118 (6) and 120-138, 126 (3)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; spurs of mid tibia 24-33, 28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and 28-35, 31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, comb with 30-42, 35 teeth, 10-12, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; spurs of hind tibia 26-33, 31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and 28-35, 33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, comb with 45-52, 48 teeth, 10-13, 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Tarsus 1 of mid leg with 4-7, 6 (8) sensilla chaetica, hind leg without sensilla chaetica. Lengths (in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) and proportions of legs as in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Table 2. Lengths (µm) and proportions of adult male legs in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parachironomus monochromus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochromus">Parachironomus monochromus</taxonomicName>
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(van der Wulp) (n=9).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">fe</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">ti</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="5" pageNumber="36">1</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="5" pageNumber="36">3</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="5" pageNumber="36">4</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="5" pageNumber="36">5</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">LR</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">2</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan="1">3</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Hypopygium (Figs 9, 10). Laterosternite IX with 2-3, 2 (8) setae. Anal tergite bands short, fading far apart medially. Tergite IX with 16-30, 21 (8) setae at base of anal point. Anal point 35-55, 48 (7)
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long, its base intergrading with conical tip of anal tergite; distal bare part narrow. Transverse sternapodeme 37-60, 52 (8)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Phallapodeme 60-83, 73 (8)
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long. Superior volsella slightly curved, 70-95, 84
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 13-25, 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at base, 6-8, 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
wide in middle, 12-17, 15
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
wide at apex, without conspicuous apicolateral projection; median pit smaller than distal distinct pit and positioned a little proximal. Inferior volsella blunt with a low projection to posterior, not pointed, not reaching beyond anal tergite margin, and covered by microtrichia. Gonocoxite 88-118, 107
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long, with 3-4, 3 strong medial setae. Gonostylus 158-213, 187
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
long, slender, curved and parallel-sided, with distinct expansion in distal 1/3, bearing 4-7, 6 (8) setae along distal inner margin. HR 0.49-0.68, 0.59, HV 1.63-2.01, 1.80.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
|
Palaearctic (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Spies, M" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" pagination="125 - 143" title="A contribution to the knowledge of Holarctic Parachironomus Lenz (Diptera: Chironomidae), with two new species and a provisional key to Nearctic adult males." url="10.1163/22119434-99900041" volume="143" year="2000">Spies 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It also is recorded from Palaearctic China and Japan. The record for China is new.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |