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<mods:title id="F5AE14B0452E6F1A0BA7C2A9DC955E6C">One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F4D96BFFCE9C65E0E0FB7FD40FFB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191130216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4D96BFFCE9C65E0E0FB7FD40FFB83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4D96BFFCE9C65E0E0FB7FD40FFB83" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1250" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7BE0E0FB7FD7B8FB61" blockId="14.[194,747,1203,1228]" box="[194,747,1203,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
<heading id="D0AADF11FFCE9C7BE0E0FB7FD7B8FB61" box="[194,747,1203,1228]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCE9C7BE0E0FB7FD482FB61" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[194,465,1204,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE0E0FB7FD482FB61" box="[194,465,1204,1227]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">BELONOCNEMA KINSEYI</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCE9C7BE1FFFB78D734FB66" author="Weld LH" box="[477,615,1203,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" pagination="187 - 246" refId="ref16542" refString="Weld LH. 1921. American gallflies of the family Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 59: 187 - 246." type="journal article" year="1921">WELD, 1921</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE256FB73D7B8FB61" box="[628,747,1204,1227]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">REV. STAT.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7BE1A7FB14D77BFB52" blockId="14.[389,552,1247,1272]" box="[389,552,1247,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
(
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE1AFFB14D756FB52" box="[397,517,1247,1272]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[216,1390,244,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[215,1390,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Belonocnema fossoria (AD), Belonocnema kinseyi (E, F). A, sexual-generation root gall. B, adult female sexual generation. C, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. geminata. D, adult asexual generation. E, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. fusiformis. (Leaf galls produced by B. kinseyi on Q. fusiformis and Q. virginiana are indistinguishable from leaf galls produced by B. treatae on Q. virginiana.) F, adult asexual generation (by Jena Johnson)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761662/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">FIGS 1E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE230FB14D773FB52" box="[530,544,1247,1272]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">4</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCE9C7BE081FAE3D736FA97" authority=", Lund et al., 1998" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1998" box="[163,613,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE081FAE3D4C1FA94" box="[163,402,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Belonocnema treatae</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCE9C7BE182FAE3D736FA97" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" box="[416,613,1320,1342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE1C7FAE2D74BFA97" box="[485,536,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">et al</emphasis>
., 1998
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, female, male, asexual, sexual generation, gall.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE081FA43D4D0FA37" box="[163,387,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Material examined:</emphasis>
Asexual
<typeStatus id="54E6D6DFFFCE9C7BE232FA43D73DFA37" box="[528,622,1416,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
1F
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22832, USNMENT 00802145; 46F same locality as Syntype,
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, USNM; 5F
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE247F9C8D7ACF9B2" box="[613,767,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
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; 5F
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: LA,
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<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE181F98BD718F9FF" box="[419,587,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
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; 2F
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; 5F
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7BE371FE95D1F7FC8B" blockId="14.[827,1450,197,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
Sexual generation 4F 6M
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, 202300 h; 6F 6M
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; 5F 5M
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; 4F 5M
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; 5F 4M
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; 4F 4M
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7BE319FC80D1E9FB9D" blockId="14.[827,1443,842,1079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE319FC80D1FDFCF5" box="[827,1198,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCE9C7BE39DFC81D1FDFCF5" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[959,1198,842,863]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">Belonocnema kinseyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCE9C7BE354FCA1D6B8FCD4" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[886,1003,873,895]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossoria">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE354FCA1D6B8FCD4" box="[886,1003,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">B. fossoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the spur on the anterior side of fore tibia shorter than basitarsus and tibial spurs in both generations. It can also be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFCE9C7BE511FC6CD0F0FC16" box="[1331,1443,935,956]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE511FC6CD0F0FC16" box="[1331,1443,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">B. treatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sexual generation by the deeply delimited scutellar foveae separated narrowly by a carina, and the reddish brown colour along with an indistinctive areolet in the asexual generation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7BE319FBA0D694FB28" blockId="14.[827,967,1131,1154]" box="[827,967,1131,1154]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
<heading id="D0AADF11FFCE9C7BE319FBA0D694FB28" box="[827,967,1131,1154]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE319FBA0D694FB28" box="[827,967,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCE9C7AE319FB59D74BFA80" blockId="14.[827,1444,1170,1898]" lastBlockId="15.[145,762,197,1323]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1249" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE319FB59D190FB02" box="[827,1219,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE425FB58D132FB02" box="[1031,1121,1171,1192]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[216,1390,244,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[215,1390,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Belonocnema fossoria (AD), Belonocnema kinseyi (E, F). A, sexual-generation root gall. B, adult female sexual generation. C, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. geminata. D, adult asexual generation. E, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. fusiformis. (Leaf galls produced by B. kinseyi on Q. fusiformis and Q. virginiana are indistinguishable from leaf galls produced by B. treatae on Q. virginiana.) F, adult asexual generation (by Jena Johnson)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761662/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE450FB58D1E1FB02" box="[1138,1202,1171,1192]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">4AC</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4CA5C598FFCE9C7BE552FB59D6C6FB6D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.6">2.6 3.3 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCE9C7BE385FB79D6E8FB6D" box="[935,955,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">N</emphasis>
= 22). Reddish brown; tip of mandibles, mesosoma (except for mesoscutum), wing veins, anterior third of first gastral tergite, anterior edge of fore, meso, and metacoxae, and distal edge of hind femora black (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE3C5FAE7D16FFAEB" box="[999,1084,1324,1346]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Head finely coriaceous with sparse white setae; slightly rounded in dorsal view; 2.1× as broad as long in dorsal view; 1.4× as broad as long in frontal view; slightly broader than mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in dorsal view; equally broad as cross diameter of eye. Malar space alutaceous, without striae radiating from clypeus; eye 2.3× higher than length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. OOL 1.1× longer than POL; OOL 2.2× longer than LOL; ocelli ovate, all equal in size. Transfacial distance 1.4× longer than height of eye and 1.3× longer than height of lower face (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCE9C7BE555F9B6D60FF91B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1248">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); diameter of antennal torulus 2× longer than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 2× longer than diameter of torulus. Lower face finely coriaceous, with white setae, without striae radiating from clypeus, median area not elevated. Clypeus trapezoid, flat, broader than high, with deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons finely coriaceous, glabrous; vertex, interocellar area, occiput is finely coriaceous. Postgena coriaceous, glabrous. Antenna 13 segmented, longer than head + mesosoma; F1 shorter than the length of scape + pedicel, 1.6× longer than F2 (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE0BBFE95D5BFFEDE" box="[153,236,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Propleuron alutaceous, with few setae. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous between notauli, alutaceous lateral to notaulus; longer than broad; notauli complete, deeply impressed for full length; median mesoscutal line distinct; anterior parallel lines and parapsidal lines absent (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE114FDDDD4DFFD86" box="[310,396,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); mesoscutellum only slightly longer than broad, slightly narrower posteriorly; shorter than mesoscutum, uniformly rugose, overhanging metanotum; scutellar foveae present. Mesopleural triangle covered with dense white setae, mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae along ventral and anterior margins. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent outwards; central propodeal area rugose; lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with dense white setae; nucha short, coriaceous. Tibia setose on anterior edge; Fore tibia prolonged on the anterior side into a curved spine, much shorter than tibial spur and basitarsus; tarsal claws simple with a slight ridge but never a full tooth. Middle and hind tibia with two spurs (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE0C0FC0FD465FC73" box="[226,310,964,986]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Fore wing hyaline, longer than body, margin with dense cilia; radial cell 2× as long as wide; 2r infumated, Rs curved upwards and thickened at apex; radial cell open; areolet small and indistinct; Rs + M reaching to M; cu-a absent; cu1 broken (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE2BEFBF5D7B8FBF9" box="[668,747,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Metasoma shorter than head + mesosoma, 1.2× longer than high in lateral view, smooth and glabrous; second metasomal tergite setose medially; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glossy; ventral spine of the hypopygium short, prominent part 1.3× as long as broad in ventral view, with white setae extending beyond the apex of spine (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE19AFADED75AFA80" box="[440,521,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCF9C7AE0B3FA92D1FFFA69" blockId="15.[145,762,1369,1881]" lastBlockId="15.[809,1426,197,1476]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE0B3FA92D498FAC4" box="[145,459,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">
Sexual female (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE165FA91D4E9FAC5" box="[327,442,1369,1391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Body length 3.54.0 mm (
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE0B8FAB3D5FDFA27" box="[154,174,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">N</emphasis>
= 15). Yellowish brown; scape, flagellomeres, tip of mandibles, propodeum, wing veins, distal edge of hind femora, hind tibia, and tarsi dark brown (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE2EEFA7ED5E2FA43" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Head finely coriaceous with sparse white setae; slightly rounded in dorsal view; 2.4× as broad as long in dorsal view; 1.2× as broad as long in frontal view; slightly broader than mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in dorsal view; equally broad as cross diameter of eye. Malar space alutaceous, without striae radiating from clypeus; eye 2.3× higher than length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. OOL 1.1× longer than POL; OOL 2.2× longer than LOL; ocelli ovate, all equal in size. Transfacial distance 1.8× longer than height of eye and 1.7× longer than height of lower face; diameter of antennal torulus 2.3× longer than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 1.6× longer than diameter of torulus. Lower face finely coriaceous, with white setae, without striae radiating from clypeus, median area not elevated. Clypeus trapezoid, flat, broader than high, with deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line. Frons finely coriaceous, glabrous; vertex, interocellar area, occiput is finely coriaceous. Postgena coriaceous, glabrous. Antenna 14 segmented, longer than head + mesosoma; F1 shorter than the length of scape + pedicel, 1.6× longer than F2 (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE313FE3CD6D7FDA7" box="[817,900,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Propleuron alutaceous, with few setae. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous between notauli, alutaceous lateral to notaulus; longer than broad; notauli complete, deeply impressed for full length; median mesoscutal line distinct; anterior parallel lines and parapsidal lines absent; mesoscutellum only slightly longer than broad, slightly narrower posteriorly; shorter than mesoscutum, uniformly rugose, overhanging metanotum; scutellar foveae deeply excavated, fully delimited on all sides, separated narrowly by carina (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE4B2FCE1D1B5FC95" box="[1168,1254,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae along ventral and anterior margins. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, straight; central propodeal area punctate; lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with dense white setae; nucha short, coriaceous (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE4A4FC08D186FC73" box="[1158,1237,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Tibia setose on anterior edge; fore tibia prolonged on the anterior side into a curved spine, much shorter than tibial spur and basitarsus; tarsal claws simple with a slight ridge but never a full tooth. Middle and hind tibia with two spurs (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE313FB96D6D0FBD8" box="[817,899,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Fore wing hyaline, longer than body, margin with dense cilia; radial cell 2.3× as long as wide; 2r infumated, Rs curved upwards and thickened at apex; radial cell open; areolet small and indistinct; Rs + M reaching to M; cu-a absent; cu1 broken (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE50AFB1CD0D2FB46" box="[1320,1409,1239,1261]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Metasoma shorter than head + mesosoma, 1.2× longer than high in lateral view, smooth and glabrous; second metasomal tergite setose medially; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glossy. Ventral spine of the hypopygium short, prominent part 1.5× as long as broad in ventral view, with white setae extending beyond the apex of spine (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE46FFA65D1CEFA69" box="[1101,1181,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[145,227,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@5.[154,1416,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Belonocnema kinseyi. A, lateral habitus of asexual-generation female syntype, arrow pointing to areolet. B, dorsal habitus of asexual-generation female syntype. C, frontal view of asexual-generation female syntype. D, label of syntype specimen. E, lateral habitus of sexual-generation female. F, dorsal view of sexual-generation female, arrow pointing to scutellar fovea. (Photos AD by Rachel Osborn, USNM: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m3098f569a-1f76-44b1-8519- c06bf912057d, Accessed 28 September 2020)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCF9C7AE30BFA26D6BEF973" blockId="15.[809,1425,1517,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE30BFA26D63BF9A8" box="[809,872,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Male:</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4CA5C598FFCF9C7AE421FA26D1D4F9A8" box="[1027,1159,1517,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.6">2.63.9 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE4B6FA26D1FBF9A8" box="[1172,1192,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">N</emphasis>
= 16). Colour darker than sexual female, scape, pronotum, mesoscutum and mesopleuron, metasoma dark brown, sculptures like the sexual female. Antenna 15 segmented; F1 is curved, excavated, and incised medially. Metasoma smaller than head + mesosoma; see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCF9C7AE457F94DD06CF931" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" box="[1141,1343,1670,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE499F94CD1A5F931" box="[1211,1270,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">et al.</emphasis>
(1998
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7) for comparison of lateral habitus of sexual generation male and female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFCF9C65E30BF8CCD70AFF50" blockId="15.[809,1425,1799,1883]" lastBlockId="16.[163,779,197,250]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1250" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE30BF8CCD632F8B6" box="[809,865,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Gall:</emphasis>
Smooth, unilocular pea-like galls on the ventral side of leaves for the asexual generation (
<figureCitation id="136674F8FFCF9C7AE4DAF8EDD01BF891" box="[1272,1352,1830,1852]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[216,1390,244,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[215,1390,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Belonocnema fossoria (AD), Belonocnema kinseyi (E, F). A, sexual-generation root gall. B, adult female sexual generation. C, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. geminata. D, adult asexual generation. E, fully lignified asexual-generation leaf gall on Q. fusiformis. (Leaf galls produced by B. kinseyi on Q. fusiformis and Q. virginiana are indistinguishable from leaf galls produced by B. treatae on Q. virginiana.) F, adult asexual generation (by Jena Johnson)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761662/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFCF9C7AE576F8EDD6F7F8F0" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFCF9C7AE30BF88ED637F8F0" box="[809,868,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1249">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1, 2), irregular shaped, multilocular clusters of galls on the small rootlets for the sexual generation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFD09C65E10EFF2FD4B6FF53" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" box="[300,485,228,250]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E152FF2ED4FBFF53" box="[368,424,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 3, 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFD09C65E081FEE8D42EFEDC" blockId="16.[163,779,290,374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E081FEE8D772FE92" box="[163,545,290,312]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
Host plant:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E11BFEE8D772FE92" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[313,545,291,312]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">Quercus fusiformis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Oklahoma, Texas,
<collectingCountry id="F34A28EDFFD09C65E081FE8AD5A7FEFD" box="[163,244,321,343]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E113FE89D49BFEFD" box="[305,456,322,343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E113FE89D49BFEFD" box="[305,456,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(east Texas to Florida, north to North Carolina).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFD09C65E081FE55D5B8FE79" blockId="16.[163,777,414,467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E081FE55D416FE19" box="[163,325,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E176FE55D480FE1E" box="[340,467,414,436]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E1C1FE55D720FE1E" box="[483,627,414,436]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E2A6FE55D656FE1E" box="[644,773,414,436]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E081FE75D5BBFE79" box="[163,232,446,467]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Texas</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFD09C65E081FE37D5A9FD26" blockId="16.[163,778,508,652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E081FE37D450FDBB" box="[163,259,508,529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Biology:</emphasis>
The asexual generation has long, straight wings and is capable of flight (
<tableCitation id="C6DF5DC6FFD09C65E202FDD1D729FD9A" box="[544,634,538,560]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="13.[145,209,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 2. Flight test for Belonocnema asexual generation" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2238F5FFCD9C78E0B3FF0FD7B7FF70" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" tableUuid="DF2238F5FFCD9C78E0B3FF0FD7B7FF70">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Given the distribution of its host
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E18FFDF1D474FDC7" authority="(Cavender-Bares et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Cavender-Bares" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E18FFDF1D712FDE4" box="[429,577,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFD09C65E273FDF2D44CFDC4" author="Cavender-Bares J &amp; Gonzalez-Rodriguez A &amp; Eaton DA &amp; Hipp AA &amp; Beulke A &amp; Manos PS" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" pagination="3668 - 3687" refId="ref14845" refString="Cavender-Bares J, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Eaton DA, Hipp AA, Beulke A, Manos PS. 2015. Phylogeny and biogeography of the American live oaks (Quercus subsection Virentes): a genomic and population genetics approach. Molecular Ecology 24: 3668 - 3687." type="journal article" year="2015">
Cavender-Bares
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E081FD92D588FDC7" box="[163,219,600,622]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, this species likely also occurs in northern
<collectingCountry id="F34A28EDFFD09C65E081FDBDD5A5FD26" box="[163,246,630,652]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE2687DFFD09C65E081FD09D40FFB83" blockId="16.[163,786,706,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E081FD09D769FD7D" box="[163,570,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E109FD09D769FD7D" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[299,570,706,727]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">Belonocnema kinseyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was previously synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFD09C65E1ABFD29D7D7FD5D" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" box="[393,644,737,759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E1FEFD29D770FD5D" box="[476,547,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
based on experimental rearing that linked the asexual and sexual generations developing on
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E241FCD4D658FC9E" box="[611,779,799,820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E241FCD4D658FC9E" box="[611,779,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Q. fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E0E7FCF5D45DFCF9" box="[197,270,830,851]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Texas</collectingRegion>
. Given the molecular and morphological evidence showing that populations west of the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="4999A69FFFD09C65E081FCB1D5A7FC3A" box="[163,244,890,912]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">Mexico</collectingRegion>
represent a distinct species, the synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC158CFFD09C65E081FC52D43DFC05" author="Lund JN &amp; Ott JR &amp; Lyon RJ" box="[163,366,921,943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" pagination="755 - 763" refId="ref15729" refString="Lund JN, Ott JR, Lyon RJ. 1998. Heterogony in Belenocnema treatae Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 755 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lund
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E0C5FC51D44CFC04" box="[231,287,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
is, therefore, rejected and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E2BFFC51D658FC04" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[669,779,921,943]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E2BFFC51D658FC04" box="[669,779,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">B. kinseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
17.15 is restored as a valid species. The genome of this species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E122FC1CD43DFC41" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1921" box="[256,366,982,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinseyi">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E122FC1CD43DFC41" box="[256,366,982,1004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">B. kinseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been sequenced and annotated (
<collectionCode id="ED4CF0B8FFD09C65E088FC3ED466FBA0" box="[170,309,1013,1034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">NCBI SRA</collectionCode>
:
<collectionCode id="ED4CF0B8FFD09C65E166FC3ED4F3FBA1" box="[324,416,1013,1035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">PRJNA</collectionCode>
623416) originally under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C5D13FEFFD09C65E0CBFBDFD406FB83" box="[233,341,1044,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Belonocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treatae">
<emphasis id="B929B46FFFD09C65E0CBFBDFD406FB83" box="[233,341,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1250">B. treatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>