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<mods:title id="24AEDBCC3D4DD29E9F5661D196383A51">Taxonomic review of Australian Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) with special emphasis on the M. lophoides (Chaudoir) species complex</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DA4E8BF8C7E261DCEF476B46B3C52CA">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="426FF0E694C26BEF873B480884D187A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F28795714D63F9839EF2CF86434A4B4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="695E0AF0A937DF32FED51BD7B12E396E" ID-CoL="8M9YC" authority="Castelnau" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Mecyclothorax lateralis (Castelnau)</taxonomicName>
Figures 2J, 6A, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84680330D1BB07FFEB9A4768C6ABB2CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="EC5B33FAE31CD71F84A2650C93807AF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="C43D0D562C116272823BD0108D64BF16" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phorticosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorticosomus lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Phorticosomus lateralis</taxonomicName>
Castelnau, 1867: 92 (as
<taxonomicName id="A73F2F8D83D22C5D94A38F849F1AAF7A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Forticosomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forticosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forticosomus</taxonomicName>
); Castelnau, 1868: 178.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="45D82C48D14B61AC4A1B6EA2930708E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="F902F83887EB6F9B8020A141413D47E3" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Simodontus lateralis</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1873: 114 (see Nomenclatural note).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4341866005FA72EEAA1FAF105E150789" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="85FE639F23A895B058B590E1C2492464" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Cyclothorax lateralis</taxonomicName>
Sloane, 1895: 448.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B7A877E295D13F16EF29EBEEBA75021" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="DACF72468355620A0057664B90D52850" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">Mecyclothorax lateralis</taxonomicName>
Sloane, 1903: 586.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7EFA657B7C101E21506CD8AF0A6903" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="719FB6B27200EF33B1F01FF526CEDF48" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax cinctipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctipennis">Cyclothorax cinctipennis</taxonomicName>
Blackburn, 1889: 1391 (synonymy
<bibRefCitation id="604642DA1F3490D67CE146B20BC9C626" author="Sloane, TG" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="393 - 455" title="Studies in Australian Entomology. no. VII. - New genera and species of Carabidae (including some notes on previously described species, and synoptic lists of genera and species). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (2 nd ser." volume="9" year="1895">Sloane 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 448).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="736EA3BCFD5F21FB68239BD0783068DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5499D19AA8DE64DD58C17FB4B31822F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6FE8252784CBED31E7A5D3A91189790" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
(n = 5). This large-bodied
<normalizedToken id="F3558BECA2BAD044069E4369BC1F024F" originalValue="species–standardized">species-standardized</normalizedToken>
body length 5.2-6.4
<normalizedToken id="112EE8FF9B9AFF3978AA1A65A7617BE9" originalValue="mm–is">mm-is</normalizedToken>
further distinguished by the rufous to brunneous body with contrasting, flavous elytral margins (Fig. 6A). The labrum is broadly and distinctly emarginate apically. The ligula is truncate apically, with the 2 apical setae separated by 4 setal diameters, the ligular surface longitudinally depressed between the setal articulations. The paraglossae are elongate, apically extended beyond the ligular apical margin twice the distance from ligular margin to their base. The pronotum is robust, transverse, with a convex disc, and depressed and circularly punctate median base (Fig. 2J); MPW/BPW = 1.45-1.56, MPW/PL = 1.35-1.40. The prosternal process is broad, only slightly depressed between the coxae, and convex anterad the coxae. The prosternal anteapical groove is deep and narrow, with only slight irregularities along its length at its deepest part. As in its sister species
<taxonomicName id="701232E8117806B29B73950CF4EC9A5F" lsidName="M. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="minutus">M. minutus</taxonomicName>
, the parascutellar seta is absent. The metepisternum is abbreviated, with lateral length about 2
<normalizedToken id="5F8351E5228972144645B7D6F21D3474" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximum width, and the metathoracic wings are vestigial in examined material. The suture between visible ventrites 1 and 2 is sinuous, with the area behind markedly depressed. Microsculpture of the head is reduced, with frons glossy, vertex with indistinct transverse sculpticells; pronotal disc and median base glossy, indistinct transverse lines visible in places; elytral surface glossy with well-defined isodiametric sculpticells visible over entire surface, the apex with sculpticells more upraised; thoracic ventrites glossy, abdominal ventrites glossy medially but with isodiametric sculpticells visible in lateral depressions. Setal formula ++/++/‒2++.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92304FC2724B0E33C6F978BFD395D96C" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Male genitalia (n = 1). Aedeagal median lobe moderately broad dorsoventrally, apex narrowly rounded and slightly projected beyond ostium (Fig. 15A); flagellar plate large and lightly sclerotized; right paramere narrow and elongate (Fig. 16A), ventral margin setose, with&gt;20 setae along margin, setae more densely distributed in basal half; left paramere broadly subquadrate basally, apically attenuated into a whip-like apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="779D201A608F52C160407953CC36E8A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix broadest at midlength, its surface membranous and covered with pleat-like wrinkles, apex narrowed (Fig. 17A); spermathecal duct narrow, elongate, about twice length of spermathecal reservoir; basal gonocoxite broad, 2-4 setae along apical margin (Fig. 18A), several setae along median margin; apical gonocoxite broadly rounded apically, mesal and lateral margins subparallel; a single broad lateral ensiform seta, its length about 1/3 length of apical gonocoxite; apical nematiform setae in large, apical positioned sensory furrow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F994C43059C39694AEFE3ECC5AE25D47" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="type information">
<paragraph id="1503513EE1E69508FCA672227421224C" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Type information.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79813E5015E8036811C66181FEFEC5B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
Lectotype female (MCG) designated by
<bibRefCitation id="586938C2A3572FCA23298ADD816BD545" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="83 - 94" title="Sui tipi dei Pterostichini (Coleopt. Carabid.) australiani dell collezione Castelnau mel Museo Civico di Genova, nota 3." volume="61" year="1941">Straneo (1941)</bibRefCitation>
: specimen glued to platen // Lateralis / Cast. / Paroo riv. // Australia / Paroo River / Coll. Castelnau // LECTOTYPUS /
<taxonomicName id="673E4E2C54AB58AA88C93678DFACD62B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Forticosomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forticosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forticosomus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="1D669B4FDF314E1557259FFB42978BA2" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Moriomorphina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moriomorphina lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">lateralis</taxonomicName>
/ Castelnau, 1867 / des. S.L. Straneo, 1941 [orange label] //
<taxonomicName id="F909B86C0E8E736C2FF5EBEF2552C045" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Forticosomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forticosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forticosomus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="EBC11408257B41C431B06FC1544D5BE6" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Moriomorphina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moriomorphina lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">lateralis</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName id="22CB86270F1999CE9681614A86D39191" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4326FAF502A02F25999F6CC2FFFFAA11" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Moriomorphina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moriomorphina lateralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">lateralis</taxonomicName>
Cast / holotypus / Det. B.P. Moore
<normalizedToken id="BB8AB26ECB6F5007DE0821ECBFA3C1F8" originalValue="ʽ">ʽ</normalizedToken>
68 // MUSEO GENOVA / Coll. Castelnau. A female paralectotype accompanies the lectotype. It bears only the newer &quot;Australia / Paroo River / Coll. Castelnau&quot; label and
<normalizedToken id="37BBB66B36D1344B7D942E0D8085C841" originalValue="Straneoʼs">Straneoʼs</normalizedToken>
orange PARALECTOTYPUS label. As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="BAA9BA6C8C21608F11A9879F34BADB7C" author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="83 - 94" title="Sui tipi dei Pterostichini (Coleopt. Carabid.) australiani dell collezione Castelnau mel Museo Civico di Genova, nota 3." volume="61" year="1941">Straneo (1941</bibRefCitation>
: 89), the paralectotype is teneral. For
<taxonomicName id="FD99575ED796E45AC838710DF21EFC5D" lsidName="C. cinctipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="cinctipennis">C. cinctipennis</taxonomicName>
Blackburn, holotype (BMNH; label data not recorded): Torrens River, S.A. (
<bibRefCitation id="CC59FD5930E07770551FCC3FA4606C20" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Moore et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAFDFD3509E4F4AEEA3A93CC21D7DD80" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
Nomenclatural note. In the paragraph within which
<bibRefCitation id="2E5BF6D7E0F8030529F90F7FDDE723D7" author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="85 - 116" title="Materiaux pour servir a lʼetude des Feroniens." volume="46" year="1873">Chaudoir (1873)</bibRefCitation>
combined
<taxonomicName id="97E04FB663195E6C890A1E33887D511A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phorticosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorticosomus minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Phorticosomus minutus</taxonomicName>
Castelnau with
<taxonomicName id="400ADA0383B81FEA8C0E66239EB84FD7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simodontus</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir (pp. 113-114), Chaudoir writes &quot;Je crois que son
<taxonomicName id="4B60288D54DFF3487FA1E24951CB50ED" lsidName="Ph. lateralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="lateralis">Ph. lateralis</taxonomicName>
est encore une
<normalizedToken id="5D976799B4485BBE3CCDE10BA2447336" originalValue="espèce">espece</normalizedToken>
de
<taxonomicName id="B4C2820DDE8BE978D91BE5F946798D6E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simodontus</taxonomicName>
, qui
<normalizedToken id="B0DA2A6365A4D5CA95EE3A2FD83C3C3C" originalValue="mʼa">mʼa</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BDDCFE26F8C109D96FFAB8580A5B4B91" originalValue="semblé">semble</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B45FFC81C90363960EB2A0333E71F4DD" originalValue="différente">differente</normalizedToken>
du curtulus (p. 114).&quot; Such a statement falls short of a nomenclatural act proposing a valid new combination.
<bibRefCitation id="5C4CC754314EE307ECFC4CB1CAC788F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Csiki (1929)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted
<bibRefCitation id="F812FAF735CB21E25AC974853FB03FBE" author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="85 - 116" title="Materiaux pour servir a lʼetude des Feroniens." volume="46" year="1873">Chaudoir (1873)</bibRefCitation>
to have officially combined
<taxonomicName id="7889F9A3B4604CAE5883E49B7986EA0A" lsidName="Ph. lateralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="lateralis">Ph. lateralis</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="A83373E91989D6075271A5108DC0B6A6" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simodontus</taxonomicName>
, however his listing the page of that action as
<bibRefCitation id="014B1CFCD04DB501F32ED978497E0751" author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="85 - 116" title="Materiaux pour servir a lʼetude des Feroniens." volume="46" year="1873">Chaudoir (1873</bibRefCitation>
: 113) suggests that he did not see the work personally, thus leading him to give Chaudoir credit for a nomenclatural act that Chaudoir did not commit. Sloane agreed that Chaudoir did not combine
<taxonomicName id="5A24DD8502DB01D6388B4AA96D02563E" lsidName="Ph. lateralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="lateralis">Ph. lateralis</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="952AF4312EAB2ECBFA357DECB243CC5C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simodontus</taxonomicName>
, writing: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6C108D666E28FCB40992FD3F060AF6B1" lsidName="Ph. lateralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="lateralis">Ph. lateralis</taxonomicName>
is a species of
<taxonomicName id="E91E40CE517E597391A0AC78CFD719C5" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="07D6D5187E80FD40A6702ABAD0C51A9B" lsidName="Ph. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="minutus">Ph. minutus</taxonomicName>
, from the Paroo River, has been examined by Chaudoir, who referred it to
<taxonomicName id="2FD5C3BA427BB5461C9C461BBB833014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Simodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simodontus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simodontus</taxonomicName>
... (Sloane, 1915, 462).&quot;
<normalizedToken id="C7DBE209C189B09F84AD458592126588" originalValue="Mooreʼs">Mooreʼs</normalizedToken>
labelling of the lectotype as holotype was corrected in
<bibRefCitation id="BCD17CD6C418780947C9114E5556078B" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Moore et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, where the presence of a paralectotype was also noted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="736C38A8DDD6EC8CA484A8CEFA10399F" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9851C11A8F2DB7FD74053DB4F4293814" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6212232A2F97F5F4B5C28DCACCB14" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
This species is distributed in interior Victoria, western New South Wales and southeastern South Australia (Fig. 19A). Localities and repositories for non-type specimens I have examined include: SA: Lucindale (MCZ, 1); Pt. Lincoln (MVM, 1); VIC: Bendigo (MVM, 1); Birchip (MVM, 1); Evansford (BMNH, 15); Lake Hattah (MVM, 1); Maldon (MVM, 1); Wedderburn (MVM, 1). These records represent beetles collected between 1911 and 1950, none with any ecological data, and so nothing can be reported with confidence concerning the ecological preference of this species: but see
<taxonomicName id="A187D77DA209133865C6C5DAE4922799" lsidName="M. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="minutus">M. minutus</taxonomicName>
below. This species is polymorphic for flight-wing configuration, with 3 brachypterous individuals observed among the 27 beetles examined; 2 of the individuals from Evansford exhibit wings that are broad, slightly more than half as long as the elytra, and without a reflexed apex. Other examined individuals have vestigialized wings, with the wing stubs shorter than the metanotum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7D5E42C7A9CB4226125A5F41A755DCCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<paragraph id="91DCE6A020C2B94F51875FEF86C47438" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
Figure 7. Male aedeagus, right view (unless stated otherwise), for
<taxonomicName id="FD5406BE0FD8A7446613030DB04A3FDB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax (Eucyclothorax)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eucyclothorax">Mecyclothorax (Eucyclothorax)</taxonomicName>
spp.: A,
<taxonomicName id="79D368C721BACFE8B9F02924D065B53B" lsidName="M. moorei" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="moorei">M. moorei</taxonomicName>
, NSW: Bellangry For.; B,
<taxonomicName id="589F2925EC8452EB1F48B7AB353FF9D9" lsidName="M. moorei" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="moorei">M. moorei</taxonomicName>
, NSW: Bellangry For.; C,
<taxonomicName id="BFFF617F476F591DCFA2C2A085CC8B48" lsidName="M. punctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="punctatus">M. punctatus</taxonomicName>
, VIC: Sea Lake; D,
<taxonomicName id="8B8161BDA6B0B3FA2AAC99F64C69BDEC" lsidName="M. curtus" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="curtus">M. curtus</taxonomicName>
, VIC: Bendigo; E,
<taxonomicName id="B8897DFBD304B77902462E2F47CA2A52" lsidName="M. blackburni" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="blackburni">M. blackburni</taxonomicName>
, WA: Fremantle; F,
<taxonomicName id="5A0358C4E7B58166A035A7D0DCD626A0" lsidName="M. darlingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="darlingtoni">M. darlingtoni</taxonomicName>
, QLD: Woondom For. Res.; G. same specimen left view; H,
<taxonomicName id="725AA0AAE610155EC496089CD8809318" lsidName="M. darlingtoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" rank="species" species="darlingtoni">M. darlingtoni</taxonomicName>
, QLD: 30 mi. N Brisbane.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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