436 lines
58 KiB
XML
436 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="79501827D52A9C3F92EC897F55C45EDF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213023" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1384adfb-7efb-4e83-87f9-548eca51501f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213023" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460472633528" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hoskin, Conrad J." docDate="2012" docId="1D43366BEB4FFFC3FF09FD35FE79A544" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03271p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3271" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis Hoskin, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="E17A4E13EB46FFC8FF9EFFB2FF99A71B" masterDocTitle="Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698306201913" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="17472C0938802E3E51975CC160233A28">
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<mods:title id="C782ABFFB136BC168F61D3D8151DB01B">Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2A6B16DC66C0F1492CC0690B5453BD93" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7AFB3D5C40E69090FCA108E0E9D1785">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EF7A7362F0A66518CA391316F7DE23B1">Hoskin, Conrad J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7362C2170E05FBDF2CA9B87486AEAF93">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6E8AD59DCE54FD0E9BB86B4A049DF483">
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<mods:date id="EAF250B9573A190FDD0EC6079AF3DC9F">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2EBFB76A43C505055CAD3146E6475004" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="46F59D06C70953D6743BC3DED1F1D374">3271</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9489123726DC39088BE5DE284E139AAC">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A36A4943D44C25D408A3671965F1A93F">16</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F83492216224259D3E17DB10373CBE88">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5F3FAA438199BBD5DD6D379F3DA2D610" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.213023</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E487E85F48AE0EF4B34F7505BDF8DB40" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A41532D45EBC32E45787F89C55DE3BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">213023</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1D43366BEB4FFFC3FF09FD35FE79A544" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5623095" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119515413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5623095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1D43366BEB4FFFC3FF09FD35FE79A544" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D43366BEB4FFFC3FF09FD35FE79A544" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4FFFC1FF09FD35FEABA5FC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC1FF09FD35FDC0A5BB" blockId="9.[151,601,647,743]" box="[151,601,647,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="CE1D3011EB4FFFC1FF09FD35FDC0A5BB" bold="true" box="[151,601,647,672]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF09FD35FDC0A5BB" bold="true" box="[151,601,647,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FF09FD35FE60A5BB" ID-CoL="Y446" box="[151,505,647,672]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF09FD35FE60A5BB" bold="true" box="[151,505,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FD9EFD3AFDC0A5BB" box="[512,601,648,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC1FF09FD1EFEABA5FC" blockId="9.[151,601,647,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Hinchinbrook Island Nursery-frog (
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<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4FFFC1FF01FD7DFF7FA5FC" box="[159,230,719,743]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1493,1516]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photos of: (A) the holotype of C. australis sp. nov. (QMJ 43655); (B) C. australis sp. nov. in life, Mt Hypipamee (photo: Conrad Hoskin); (C) the holotype of C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. (QMJ 44166); (D) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. in life, Hinchinbrook Island (photo: Alex Anderson); (E) the holotype of C. ornatus (R 222); (F) C. ornatus in life, Kuranda (photo: Conrad Hoskin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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C, 2D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4FFFC1FF09FCA5FA1CA31C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC1FF09FCA5FA1CA31C" blockId="9.[151,1437,790,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF09FCA5FE66A42B" bold="true" box="[151,511,791,816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4FFFC1FE16FCAAFE60A42B" box="[392,505,792,816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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QMJ44166, male, upper Gayundah Ck, Hinchinbrook Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="F0DEE1BAEB4FFFC1FB5CFCA5FA87A434" box="[1218,1310,790,815]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-18.366667">18°22′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F0DEE1BAEB4FFFC1FAB5FCA5FA0EA434" box="[1323,1431,790,815]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="146.25">146°15′E</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation
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<quantity id="52122A98EB4FFFC1FE95FC8EFEC5A44F" box="[267,348,828,852]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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), north-east Queensland, G. B. Monteith and D. J. Cook,
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<date id="E154A1BDEB4FFFC1FBBFFC8EFA90A44F" box="[1057,1289,828,852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1984-11-11">11 November 1984</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FA85FC8EFA05A44F" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,828,852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4FFFC1FA85FC8EFA0EA44F" box="[1307,1431,828,852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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QMJ44163, QMJ44164, QMJ44231, upper Gayundah Ck, Hinchinbrook Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="F0DEE1BAEB4FFFC1FBBDFCEDFBE6A46C" box="[1059,1151,862,887]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="-18.366667">18°22′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F0DEE1BAEB4FFFC1FB12FCEDFB6EA46C" box="[1164,1271,862,887]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="146.25">146°15′E</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation
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<quantity id="52122A98EB4FFFC1FAECFCEDFF28A487" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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); QMJ76065, near Mt
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FE43FC36FC8DA487" authority="Hinchinbrook" authorityName="Hinchinbrook" box="[477,788,900,924]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina, Hinchinbrook</taxonomicName>
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Island (18°25′34S, 146°17′23″E, elevation
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<quantity id="52122A98EB4FFFC1FAA7FC36FA16A487" box="[1337,1423,900,924]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
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); QMJ76066, summit Mt Bowen, Hinchinbrook Island (18°21′31″S, 146°15′55″E, elevation
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<quantity id="52122A98EB4FFFC1FB39FC15FA98A4A4" box="[1191,1281,935,959]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
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); QMJ76067, near Mt
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FF69FC7EFDBDA4FF" authority="Hinchinbrook" authorityName="Hinchinbrook" box="[247,548,972,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Diamantina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diamantina, Hinchinbrook</taxonomicName>
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Island (18°24′48″S, 146°16′55″E, elevation
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<quantity id="52122A98EB4FFFC1FB83FC7EFBF0A4FF" box="[1053,1129,972,996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="740.0">740 m</quantity>
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).
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FBE2FC79FAEBA4FF" bold="true" box="[1148,1394,971,996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional material:</emphasis>
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An additional 88 individuals were measured in the field, and mating calls were measured from 14 of these (
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<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4FFFC1FABEFC5DFAEAA31C" box="[1312,1395,1007,1031]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,761,782]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of localities shown in Fig. 1, and species present at each. Modified from Tables A 1 and C 1 in Hoskin et al. (2011)." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4FFFC1FF59FBA1FDFBA26B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC1FF59FBA1FDFBA26B" blockId="9.[151,1437,790,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF59FBA1FED8A337" bold="true" box="[199,321,1043,1068]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FECEFBA6FD33A337" box="[336,682,1044,1068]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FECEFBA6FD33A337" box="[336,682,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FD27FBA6FC83A337" box="[697,794,1044,1068]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FD27FBA6FC83A337" bold="true" box="[697,794,1044,1068]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be identified from similar congeners, except
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FA1CFBA7FF60A34B" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FA1CFBA7FF60A34B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FE9CFB8AFEC7A34B" box="[258,350,1080,1104]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE9CFB8AFEC7A34B" bold="true" box="[258,350,1080,1104]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FE04FB8AFD8BA34B" box="[410,530,1080,1104]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE04FB8AFD8BA34B" box="[410,530,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. ornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by the presence of large, truncated finger pads and by call, which is a ‘beep’ rather than a call with obvious pulses or notes.
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FD25FBEEFB89A36F" box="[699,1040,1116,1140]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FD25FBEEFB89A36F" box="[699,1040,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FB87FBEEFBECA36F" box="[1049,1141,1116,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FB87FBEEFBECA36F" bold="true" box="[1049,1141,1116,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be reliably identified from
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FF46FB32FEC7A383" box="[216,350,1152,1176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF46FB32FEC7A383" box="[216,350,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FEF7FB32FE5FA383" box="[361,454,1152,1176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FEF7FB32FE5FA383" bold="true" box="[361,454,1152,1176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FD9AFB32FDE7A383" box="[516,638,1152,1176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FD9AFB32FDE7A383" box="[516,638,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. ornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genetically, using the loci outlined in Hoskin
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FB03FB33FB40A383" box="[1181,1241,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011). For 16S mtDNA, diagnostic SNPs are presented in
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<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4FFFC1FDE9FB16FD55A3A7" box="[631,716,1188,1212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,232,543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Some SNPs on the 16 S mtDNA gene that are diagnostic among C. australis sp. nov., C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. and C. ornatus. Position is base position, numbered from the first base of the forward primer (see Methods)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4FFFC1FF09FF2AFB46A7D7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4FFFC1FF09FF2AFB46A7D7">Table 3</tableCitation>
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. It can also be readily identified based on distribution, as it does not co-occur with the other two species and is restricted to Hinchinbrook Island.
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FBBEFB7AFAEDA3FB" box="[1056,1396,1224,1248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FBBEFB7AFAEDA3FB" box="[1056,1396,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FAE4FB7AFF51A21F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
|
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FAE4FB7AFF51A21F" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FEC1FB5FFE7AA21F" box="[351,483,1260,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FEC1FB5FFE7AA21F" box="[351,483,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FE75FB5EFDDFA21F" box="[491,582,1260,1284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE75FB5EFDDFA21F" bold="true" box="[491,582,1260,1284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FDE0FB5FFD6FA21F" box="[638,758,1261,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
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<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FDE0FB5FFD6FA21F" box="[638,758,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. ornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in multivariate analyses of mating call and some aspects of morphology (Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE0CFAA3FE56A233" box="[402,463,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011), but these three species cannot be distinguished on any known single trait. Regarding colour pattern, the groin and posterior thigh generally lack a yellow wash in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FB1DFA87FAE8A257" box="[1155,1393,1332,1356]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FB1DFA87FAE8A257" box="[1155,1393,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FAE4FA86FF51A26B" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4FFFC1FAE4FA86FF51A26B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF46FAEBFF6EA26B" box="[216,247,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
typically present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4FFFC1FE45FAEAFDC8A26B" box="[475,593,1368,1392]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE45FAEAFDC8A26B" box="[475,593,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4FFFC1FF59FACEFB4FA2A3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC1FF59FACEFB4FA2A3" blockId="9.[151,1437,790,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF59FACEFED7A28F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1404,1428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is derived from the fact that this species occurs only on Hinchinbrook Island, with the -
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF09FA13FF56A2A3" box="[151,207,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ensis</emphasis>
|
||
extension being latin for ‘belonging to’. The epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4FFFC2FF59FA71FDF3A16F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4FFFC2FF59FA71FCEEA624" blockId="9.[151,1437,790,2005]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FF59FA71FE79A2C7" bold="true" box="[199,480,1475,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4FFFC1FEE7FA76FE79A2C7" box="[377,480,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4FFFC1FE6EFA76FDADA2C7" box="[496,564,1476,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1493,1516]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photos of: (A) the holotype of C. australis sp. nov. (QMJ 43655); (B) C. australis sp. nov. in life, Mt Hypipamee (photo: Conrad Hoskin); (C) the holotype of C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. (QMJ 44166); (D) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. in life, Hinchinbrook Island (photo: Alex Anderson); (E) the holotype of C. ornatus (R 222); (F) C. ornatus in life, Kuranda (photo: Conrad Hoskin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213025/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). QMJ44166; male.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FCACFA76FC78A2C7" bold="true" box="[818,993,1476,1500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(mm): SVL 19.0; TL 7.7; FL 4.4; HW 7.6; HL 5.2; ED 1.7; EN 1.5; IN 1.3; 3FL 2.8; 3DW 1.1; 4TL 3.9; 4DW 0.9.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FB8AFA55FBC5A11B" bold="true" box="[1044,1116,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
About same width as body, snout triangular in dorsal view and moderately truncated at the nares, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region steep; nares much closer to tip of snout than to eye, nares anterolateral on tip of snout; eyes large; eye diameter greater than eye to naris distance; internarial distance about equal to distance from eye to naris; tympanum small (less than half diameter of eye) and indistinct beneath overlying skin, bordered dorsally by indistinct supra-tympanic fold.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FE64F929FDA6A1AF" bold="true" box="[506,575,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
Rotund.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FD37F929FD63A1AF" bold="true" box="[681,762,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limbs:</emphasis>
|
||
Hindlimbs short, forearms relatively long; fingers and toes unwebbed; relative finger length 3>2>4>1; fingers 2, 3 and 4 long and slender with large and truncated discs, first finger short with small round disc; low, rounded outer palmar tubercle and smaller rounded inner palmar tubercle; subarticular tubercles low, moderately prominent; relative length of toes 4>3>5>2>1, toe 4 very long and slender; large, truncated discs on toes 2, 3 and 4, discs smaller and more rounded on toes 1 and 5; low, ovoid inner metatarsal tubercle, no outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles low and rounded; discs on longest fingers larger than discs on longest toes.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FD92F8C1FDD3A097" bold="true" box="[524,586,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Skin:</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral surfaces generally smooth, finely granular on belly; dorsal surfaces smooth with scattered low tubercles; indistinct supra-tympanic fold.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4FFFC1FC5EF825FADCA0AB" bold="true" box="[960,1349,1943,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Colour pattern in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surfaces pale brown with darker blotching and mottling, particularly on shoulders and between eyes; grey triangle on head, grey eyelids; dark smudging on the lateral surface above the axilla; pale lumbar ocelli bordered posteriorly by a dark blotch; dark cloacal region; indistinct dark bar from nare to eye and along tympanic fold. Tympanum pale brown. White patches at the base of the finger and toe discs. Dark brown dorsal colouration merges to lighter brown on flanks. Ventral surface of head and body creamy-brown with fine pale spotting, particularly under throat. Ventral surfaces of limbs creamy-brown; discs and tubercles pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59FEF9FDE6A4BF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59FEF9FD96A67F" bold="true" box="[199,527,331,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4CFFC2FE17FEFEFE25A67F" box="[393,444,332,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(N = 7). Data presented as range followed by mean in brackets.
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FAC9FEF9FEDAA693" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adult measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(mm): SVL 17.1–23.8 (20.4); TL 7.5–9.8 (8.6); FL 3.8–5.7 (4.7); HW 6.5–8.5 (7.6); HL 4.3–6.0 (5.3); ED 1.7–2.6 (2.0); EN 1.3–1.9 (1.6); IN 1.2–1.7 (1.4); 3FL 2.4–3.3 (2.9); 3DW 0.8–1.3 (1.0); 4TL 3.8–4.7 (4.3); 4DW 0.7–0.9 (0.8).
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE46FE05FD2EA6CB" bold="true" box="[472,695,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adult proportions</emphasis>
|
||
: TL/SVL 0.40–0.44 (0.42); FL/SVL 0.20–0.25 (0.23); FL/TL 0.51–0.58 (0.55); HW/SVL 0.35–0.40 (0.37); HL/SVL 0.23–0.27 (0.26); HW/HL 1.39–1.55 (1.45); ED/SVL 0.09–0.11 (0.10); EN/HL 0.29–0.32 (0.30); EN/IN 1.08–1.27 (1.15); EN/ED 0.66–0.90 (0.79); 3FL/SVL 0.13–0.15 (0.14); 3DW/SVL 0.042–0.060 (0.051); 4TL/SVL 0.18–0.22 (0.21); 4DW/SVL 0.034–0.047 (0.039); 3DW/4DW 1.14–1.44 (1.33).
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FEFEFDF5FDCEA57B" bold="true" box="[352,599,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comparison of sexes</emphasis>
|
||
: Based on field measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FC20FDF5FB8CA544" box="[958,1045,583,607]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), females are generally larger (e.g. average SVL 22.6
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FEF2FDDFFE12A59F" box="[364,395,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
19.9), have proportionally larger finger discs, and are bulkier (i.e. heavier relative to SVL).
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF09FD3DFD9FA5B3" bold="true" box="[151,518,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour pattern in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
: Generally as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4CFFC2FD4AFD3DFCAFA5BC" box="[724,822,655,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
– light brown background with areas of darker brown smudging and mottling. Other specimens are dark brown with darker mottling or smudged areas. Consistent features on most specimens are: grey/brown triangle on snout, grey on eyelids, dark W-shaped mark or shoulders; pale lumbar ocelli marked behind by dark patch, dark irregular band/s above axilla on lateral surfaces, dark band from snout through eye and along supratympanic fold; generally dark band on wrist, pale dots at base of finger and toe pads, dark mottling on hindlimbs and lateral surfaces. Ventral surfaces variable: evenly pale cream (N = 3), brown with white flecking (N = 3) or grey brown (N = 1). Undersides of limbs pale to dark brown with white mottling, tubercles and pads generally pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59FC02FAE0A4DC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1401,943,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59FC02FDC1A4D3" bold="true" box="[199,600,943,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Measurements of live individuals.</emphasis>
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FDC1FC1DFD2BA4DC" box="[607,690,943,967]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
presents measurements for
|
||
<specimenCount id="83EC4CF4EB4CFFC2FC74FC1DFBD7A4DC" box="[1002,1102,943,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">83 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="83EC4CF4EB4CFFC2FB1BFC1DFB69A4DC" box="[1157,1264,943,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59FC61FC9DA4F7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,772,979,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59FC61FE55A4F7" bold="true" box="[199,460,979,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colour pattern in life.</emphasis>
|
||
As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FDBFFC67FD3AA4F7" box="[545,675,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FDBFFC67FD3AA4F7" box="[545,675,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FD35FC66FC9DA4F7" box="[683,772,980,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD35FC66FC9DA4F7" bold="true" box="[683,772,980,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59FC45FBA7A314" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1086,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59FC45FF66A30B" bold="true" box="[199,255,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
A finely pulsed ‘beep’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4CFFC2FD8FFC45FDCBA314" box="[529,594,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1683,1706]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,1036,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1662]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A single representative call of: (A) C. australis sp. nov., Tully Falls, 750 m a. s. l., 18 ° C; (B) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov., Mt Diamantina, Hinchinbrook Island, 770 m a. s. l., 19 ° C; (C) Cophixalus ornatus, Butchers Ck, 715 m a. s. l., 18.5 ° C. These calls were selected because they are from similar altitudes and temperatures, and because they fall near the group centroid of variation within each species from analyses in Hoskin et al. (2011). Waveforms display amplitude (y - axis) against time (x - axis, seconds); Spectrograms display call frequency (y - axis) and intensity (degree of shading) against time (x - axis, seconds)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213026/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) of the characteristics outlined in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FC7AFC45FBA3A314" box="[996,1082,1015,1039]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59FBA9FD31A113" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59FBA9FEFBA32F" bold="true" box="[199,354,1051,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
Only likely to be confused with other rainforest microhylids.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FB81FBAEFAEBA32F" box="[1055,1394,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FB81FBAEFAEBA32F" box="[1055,1394,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FAE5FBAEFF51A343" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FAE5FBAEFF51A343" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from these species (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FC8BFBF2FC04A343" box="[789,925,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FC8BFBF2FC04A343" box="[789,925,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FC40FBF2FB49A343" box="[990,1232,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FC40FBF2FB49A343" box="[990,1232,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FB43FBF2FAA5A343" box="[1245,1340,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FB43FBF2FAA5A343" bold="true" box="[1245,1340,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) by the presence of large, truncated finger pads and by the mating call, which is a finely-pulsed ‘beep’ rather than a call with obvious pulses or notes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FE74FB3AFCA7A3BB" box="[490,830,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE74FB3AFCA7A3BB" box="[490,830,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FCD8FB3AFC38A3BB" box="[838,929,1160,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FCD8FB3AFC38A3BB" bold="true" box="[838,929,1160,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is phenotypically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FB79FB3AFAF2A3BB" box="[1255,1387,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FB79FB3AFAF2A3BB" box="[1255,1387,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FF09FB1FFE1FA3DF" box="[151,390,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF09FB1FFE1FA3DF" box="[151,390,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FE0FFB1EFE74A3DF" box="[401,493,1196,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE0FFB1EFE74A3DF" bold="true" box="[401,493,1196,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. There are multivariate differences in mating call and morphology between these three species (Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE0CFB63FE52A3F3" box="[402,459,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011) but they cannot be identified based on any single known phenotypic trait in the field (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FF46FB46FEB6A217" box="[216,303,1268,1292]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FE3CFB47FD17A217" box="[418,654,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE3CFB47FD17A217" box="[418,654,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FD0BFB46FD77A217" box="[661,750,1268,1292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD0BFB46FD77A217" bold="true" box="[661,750,1268,1292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are of relatively high pitch, short duration, low pulse number and slow pulse rate (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FE1CFAAAFE42A22B" box="[386,475,1304,1328]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4CFFC2FE79FAAAFDB5A22B" box="[487,556,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1683,1706]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,1036,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1662]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A single representative call of: (A) C. australis sp. nov., Tully Falls, 750 m a. s. l., 18 ° C; (B) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov., Mt Diamantina, Hinchinbrook Island, 770 m a. s. l., 19 ° C; (C) Cophixalus ornatus, Butchers Ck, 715 m a. s. l., 18.5 ° C. These calls were selected because they are from similar altitudes and temperatures, and because they fall near the group centroid of variation within each species from analyses in Hoskin et al. (2011). Waveforms display amplitude (y - axis) against time (x - axis, seconds); Spectrograms display call frequency (y - axis) and intensity (degree of shading) against time (x - axis, seconds)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213026/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
; Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD0DFAABFD54A22B" box="[659,717,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011). Males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FBBEFAAAFA97A22B" box="[1056,1294,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FBBEFAAAFA97A22B" box="[1056,1294,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FA89FAAAFAEBA22B" box="[1303,1394,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FA89FAAAFAEBA22B" bold="true" box="[1303,1394,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are generally smaller and less bulky (i.e. lighter relative to SVL) frogs and have proportionally smaller finger discs (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FF00FAD2FF62A263" box="[158,251,1376,1400]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,906,927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1026,1974]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphology and call data collected from live individuals in the field. Morphology codes are: SVL: snout to vent length, TL: tibia length, HW: head width, 3 DW: third finger disc width, WT: weight, N: sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4EFFC0FF09FC38FB0DA4A4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
; Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FEF5FAD3FE30A263" box="[363,425,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FD94FAD2FCFBA263" box="[522,866,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD94FAD2FCFBA263" box="[522,866,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FCF1FAD2FC57A263" box="[879,974,1376,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FCF1FAD2FC57A263" bold="true" box="[879,974,1376,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be reliably identified by genetics, representing a divergent monophyletic lineage for both mtDNA and nDNA loci (Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FB38FA37FB7BA287" box="[1190,1250,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011). For 16S mtDNA, the SNPs presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D868B2C6EB4CFFC2FD96FA1AFDC4A2DB" box="[520,605,1448,1472]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,232,543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Some SNPs on the 16 S mtDNA gene that are diagnostic among C. australis sp. nov., C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. and C. ornatus. Position is base position, numbered from the first base of the forward primer (see Methods)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C195D7F5EB4FFFC1FF09FF2AFB46A7D7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="C195D7F5EB4FFFC1FF09FF2AFB46A7D7">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and the GenBank sequences listed below can be used for identification.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FF09FA7EFE75A2FF" box="[151,492,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF09FA7EFE75A2FF" box="[151,492,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FE6BFA7EFDC8A2FF" box="[501,593,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE6BFA7EFDC8A2FF" bold="true" box="[501,593,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be readily identified in the field by being restricted to Hinchinbrook Island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4CFFC2FF74FA42FEB5A113" box="[234,300,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,867,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1718]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogeny (A) and distributions (B) of C. australis sp. nov., C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. and C. ornatus. (A) Maximum likelihood tree constructed from 513 bp 16 S mtDNA. The phylogeny shows the relationship between C. ornatus, C. australis sp. nov. and C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. The tree also shows the three subgroups within C. australis sp. nov.: Mt Bartle Frere region (BF), Lowland (L) and Southern (S). Numbers at major nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities. (B) Map of the Wet Tropics region of north-east Australia and an enlargement of the Atherton Tablelands-Mt Bartle Frere region. The coloured dots show the most common mtDNA lineage at each site, with dot colour matching the phylogeny. The site numbers match the locality details in Table 1. This figure is modified from Figs 3 and C 1 in Hoskin et al. (2011)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213024/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FDBCFA42FD38A113" box="[546,673,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FDBCFA42FD38A113" box="[546,673,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59F9A1FDF3A16F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59F9A1FEACA137" bold="true" box="[199,309,1555,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genetics.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FEA2F9A6FD16A137" box="[316,655,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FEA2F9A6FD16A137" box="[316,655,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FD08F9A6FD69A137" box="[662,752,1556,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD08F9A6FD69A137" bold="true" box="[662,752,1556,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the ‘Hinchinbrook Island’ lineage referred to in Hoskin
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FA16F9A7FF2DA14B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011). Two representative 16S mtDNA sequences for this species from near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4A5139DFEB4CFFC2FBDAF98AFBEDA14B" box="[1092,1140,1592,1616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality are
|
||
<accessionNumber id="8AB91A9EEB4CFFC2FB60F985FAF4A154" box="[1278,1389,1591,1615]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JF743704" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">JF743704</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="8AB91A9EEB4CFFC2FF09F9EEFE9CA16F" box="[151,261,1628,1652]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JF743756" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">JF743756</accessionNumber>
|
||
(GenBank accession numbers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DDF0D4F6EB4CFFC3FF59F9CDFE79A544" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC2FF59F9CDFBC5A1C4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59F9CDFEF9A183" bold="true" box="[199,352,1663,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FEF9F932FD20A183" box="[359,697,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FEF9F932FD20A183" box="[359,697,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FD5EF932FC80A183" box="[704,793,1664,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD5EF932FC80A183" bold="true" box="[704,793,1664,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is restricted to Hinchinbrook Island, a large island off the coast of north-east Queensland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4CFFC2FE60F916FDA7A1A7" box="[510,574,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,867,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1718]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogeny (A) and distributions (B) of C. australis sp. nov., C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. and C. ornatus. (A) Maximum likelihood tree constructed from 513 bp 16 S mtDNA. The phylogeny shows the relationship between C. ornatus, C. australis sp. nov. and C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. The tree also shows the three subgroups within C. australis sp. nov.: Mt Bartle Frere region (BF), Lowland (L) and Southern (S). Numbers at major nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities. (B) Map of the Wet Tropics region of north-east Australia and an enlargement of the Atherton Tablelands-Mt Bartle Frere region. The coloured dots show the most common mtDNA lineage at each site, with dot colour matching the phylogeny. The site numbers match the locality details in Table 1. This figure is modified from Figs 3 and C 1 in Hoskin et al. (2011)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213024/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species has been recorded around Mt Diamantina and Mt Bowen, from
|
||
<quantity id="52122A98EB4CFFC2FF09F975FF47A1FB" box="[151,222,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation to the highest point on the island, the summit of Mt Bowen (
|
||
<quantity id="52122A98EB4CFFC2FC68F975FBD6A1C4" box="[1014,1103,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1120.0">1120 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9555877DEB4CFFC3FF59F959FE79A544" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF59F959FE2EA01F" bold="true" box="[199,439,1771,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Habitat and habits.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FE5DF95EFC82A01F" box="[451,795,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE5DF95EFC82A01F" box="[451,795,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FCB9F95EFC1CA01F" box="[807,901,1772,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FCB9F95EFC1CA01F" bold="true" box="[807,901,1772,1796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
inhabits rainforest, montane heath and rocky areas. The mid and high elevations of Hinchinbrook Island consist of a mosaic of low, dense heath in exposed areas, rainforest in the sheltered gullies, and exposed rock.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FCD1F886FB3CA057" box="[847,1189,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FCD1F886FB3CA057" box="[847,1189,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FB2EF886FA94A057" bold="true" box="[1200,1293,1844,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FB2EF886FA94A057" box="[1200,1293,1844,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is abundant throughout these habitats. The species has not been recorded from the extensive areas of lowland rainforest on the island. The only other frog species recorded during surveys in the higher elevations of Hinchinbrook Island were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FF09F813FED9A0A3" box="[151,320,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF09F813FED9A0A3" box="[151,320,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Litoria serrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a species of stoney creek frog for which species identity was not determined with certainty (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FF3EF877FECDA0C7" box="[160,340,1989,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jungguy">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FF3EF877FECDA0C7" box="[160,340,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Litoria jungguy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FE1BF877FD98A0C7" box="[389,513,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilcoxii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FE1BF877FD98A0C7" box="[389,513,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. wilcoxii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52EAFCFEEB4CFFC2FD83F876FCECA0C7" box="[541,885,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hinchinbrookensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FD83F876FCECA0C7" box="[541,885,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BCADE614EB4CFFC2FC1CF876FC79A0C7" box="[898,992,1988,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A79E5B6FEB4CFFC2FC1CF876FC79A0C7" bold="true" box="[898,992,1988,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
males call during and following wet weather. Males call from ground-level to about
|
||
<quantity id="52122A98EB4DFFC3FD5AFF25FD6BA7B4" box="[708,754,151,175]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground. Calling sites include rocks, tree trunks, stems of saplings and vines, thick tangles of ferns or other low vegetation, and dead leaf litter caught amongst low vegetation. The most common calling position is facing head upwards on a vertical stem approximately
|
||
<quantity id="52122A98EB4DFFC3FAB0FF6DFAEDA7EC" box="[1326,1396,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
off the ground. Females are rarely encountered at night. A gravid female was observed following a male uttering a lead call in amongst rocks to a probable nest site. Adults of both sexes, sub-adults and egg clutches were readily found under granite rock slabs. As for all Australian microhylids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F17BFA8CEB4DFFC3FCADFEFEFC57A67F" author="Zweifel" box="[819,974,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Zweifel, R. G. (1985) Australian frogs of the family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182 (3), 265 - 388." type="journal article" year="1985">Zweifel 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hoskin 2004), the species is a terrestrial breeder, with small clutches of large eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4DFFC3FDECFEDDFD2DA69C" box="[626,692,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1493,1516]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photos of: (A) the holotype of C. australis sp. nov. (QMJ 43655); (B) C. australis sp. nov. in life, Mt Hypipamee (photo: Conrad Hoskin); (C) the holotype of C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. (QMJ 44166); (D) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. in life, Hinchinbrook Island (photo: Alex Anderson); (E) the holotype of C. ornatus (R 222); (F) C. ornatus in life, Kuranda (photo: Conrad Hoskin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213025/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Recorded clutch sizes range from 3–
|
||
<specimenCount id="83EC4CF4EB4DFFC3FBE8FEDDFB08A69C" box="[1142,1169,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">15</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs (average =
|
||
<specimenCount id="83EC4CF4EB4DFFC3FAD3FEDDFA01A693" box="[1357,1432,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">8 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
, N = 10). A male was usually found in close proximity to each clutch (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0DD19BF8EB4DFFC3FC70FE26FBB2A6B7" box="[1006,1067,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1493,1516]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photos of: (A) the holotype of C. australis sp. nov. (QMJ 43655); (B) C. australis sp. nov. in life, Mt Hypipamee (photo: Conrad Hoskin); (C) the holotype of C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. (QMJ 44166); (D) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. in life, Hinchinbrook Island (photo: Alex Anderson); (E) the holotype of C. ornatus (R 222); (F) C. ornatus in life, Kuranda (photo: Conrad Hoskin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213025/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), sometimes straddling it. In a number of instances a single male appeared to be attending two clutches of different developmental stage. In one case, multiple clutching appeared to involve 3 clutches. A male was found calling beside a hollow in a small tree stem approximately
|
||
<quantity id="52122A98EB4DFFC3FEE2FE4DFE25A50C" box="[380,444,511,535]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground. Inside the hollow was a clutch of 10 unpigmented early-stage eggs, a clutch of
|
||
<specimenCount id="83EC4CF4EB4DFFC3FE9FFD96FECEA526" box="[257,343,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">15 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
of mid development, and 2 metamorphs. During the day the male was found sheltering inside the hollow with the egg clutches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |