229 lines
29 KiB
XML
229 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="3C4E2FFE9027886E5F177671D4CF04DF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284237" ID-ZooBank="E98CE6DF-AF3B-4AAA-95CB-8ACD615C9FCC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460649558648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Zibrowius, Helmut" docDate="2013" docId="955B87C9A154DD05FF22FC4FF1182DDB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03691p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3691 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stylaster kenti Cairns & Zibrowius, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="6962FFB1A175DD27FFB5FF81F2432F5F" masterDocTitle="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698337733500" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="DC4C5254A04FCEBC798950CB11ABF72D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F361F754515C3ACCE39191F01088F848">
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<mods:title id="6C3A059C55BD7D48FCCFB837DB3E831D">Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FC4FCF962506DC8398B38F4A866EEA32" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6E2B7F1393874ED8FF8C8FE7E8A352F4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCED7AC6F5FA5FFF5387A7CF35363EB6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CBA8A51D2E75485033C3706840C6545C">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7C76F458BB06D708C5023F266442BBF7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CC4F4BEAC1A212FAFCAE26DECAE083D0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E218AF79205CBF4D2825F570767434B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B060E004BBFD44272F8F75886D08F15B">Zibrowius, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="62CB3419A273D56000B5C06351B03B76">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5B8253BC5F58CF06378AD47EF01A4F80">
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<mods:title id="E4217AF3AEEE02833DB7D28B3AC9A654">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D4AC6F0923759DFD216A6728EFF93434">
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<mods:date id="3E32F708279731AF65F61A9F4289E091">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2C0C852176D11C163D8392EA37616444" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="335AA7D723486BD9124218FB37267106">3691</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="21E305BDAFBA41C0B86CE69A0080D171" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F0829EDE1047213554C956FB0E343404">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6C0064BBABD4D7819A379AF0B9A338F9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="49F1578D4C5ACEEC050D3E3D21B73C30">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C7DACA3D46229F519D272E1F4450348B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D16DAB9D5A94DCD2931285FCC93050BA" type="GBIF-Dataset">c566ff57-5a45-411c-98d9-0e65200455af</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F734264DF55309AE0C2BBD3B674E652C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CF8B274B9EA5BD6AB9D6A72110AB0B70" type="Zenodo-Dep">284237</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="955B87C9A154DD05FF22FC4FF1182DDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619769" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619769" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:955B87C9A154DD05FF22FC4FF1182DDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/955B87C9A154DD05FF22FC4FF1182DDB" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="55E86554A154DD06FF22FC4FF3362B56" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF22FC4FF3E52CB7" blockId="33.[151,422,974,1033]" box="[151,422,974,1000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="460581B3A154DD06FF22FC4FF3E52CB7" bold="true" box="[151,422,974,1000]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF22FC4FF3E52CB7" bold="true" box="[151,422,974,1000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA154DD06FF22FC4FF3022CB7" ID-CoL="5392L" box="[151,321,974,1000]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF22FC4FF3022CB7" bold="true" box="[151,321,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Stylaster kenti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="34B557B6A154DD06FEFCFC4FF3E52CB7" box="[329,422,974,1000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF22FC70F3362B56" blockId="33.[151,422,974,1033]" box="[151,373,1009,1033]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FF22FC70F2A72B56" box="[151,228,1009,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of various species: A – B, Stylaster bithalamus, MN SM 185, male, anterior and posterior views of same colony, respectively. C, Stylaster griseus, holotype. D – F, Stylaster amphiheloides, syntypes, BM 1842.12.2.79. G – H, Stylaster amphiheloides, MN SM 228, posterior and anterior views of same colony. I, Stylaster lonchitis, Liltved specimen. J, Stylaster kenti, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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J, 16A–G, 22
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A154DD06FF22FBB5F6202B83" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF22FBB5F0482B30" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF22FBB5F35D2B13" bold="true" box="[151,286,1076,1100]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named in honor of W. Saville Kent, in recognition of his description of the first stylasterids from the South African coast (Kent 1871).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF72FBFDF6202B83" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF72FBFDF3B92BCB" bold="true" box="[199,506,1147,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FF72FBFDF34F2BCB" box="[199,268,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Types</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FEFBFBFDF3CA2BCB" box="[334,393,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FDB1FBFDF0322BCB" box="[516,625,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FDCBFBFCF0E42BCB" box="[638,679,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MN</emphasis>
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SM43,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A154DD06FCBCFBFDF1142BCB" box="[777,855,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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colony, SAM, and SEM stubs
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<date id="694C101FA154DD06FB70FBFDF76B2BCB" box="[1221,1320,1148,1172]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1706" valueMax="1707">1706–07</date>
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(USNM).
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FF22FB20F34B2BE6" box="[151,264,1185,1209]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FEACFB20F3002BE7" box="[281,323,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MN</emphasis>
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SM43,
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A154DD06FE1CFB1EF3B92BE8" box="[425,506,1183,1207]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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branch fragment and
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A154DD06FCBCFB1EF1332BE8" box="[777,880,1183,1207]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
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branch fragments, SAM, and SEM stub 1708 (USNM).
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FEBDFB44F3032B82" box="[264,320,1221,1245]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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<geoCoordinate id="78C65018A154DD06FE06FB45F0652B83" box="[435,550,1220,1244]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="-28.758333">28°45.5’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="78C65018A154DD06FD87FB45F0ED2B83" box="[562,686,1220,1244]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="-32.408333">32°24.5’W</geoCoordinate>
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(off Richards Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA154DD06FC3CFB45F1892B83" box="[905,970,1220,1244]" name="South Africa" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Natal</collectingCountry>
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),
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||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FC68FB45F61C2B83" box="[989,1119,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="390.0" valueMax="420.0" valueMin="360.0">
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360–
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<specimenCount id="0BF4FD56A154DD06FBA0FB45F61C2B83" box="[1045,1119,1220,1244]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">420 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A154DD06FF72FB66F0472A5F" box="[199,516,1255,1281]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF72FB66F0472A5F" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" box="[199,516,1255,1281]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF72FB66F3F42A5F" bold="true" box="[199,439,1255,1280]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FE08FB68F3BE2A5E" box="[445,509,1257,1281]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Types</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A154DD05FF72FA8AF0EF2D00" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF72FA8AF0A72AEB" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA154DD06FF72FA8AF31A2A7B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1291,1316]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
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Colonies are relatively small and uniplanar in shape, the largest colony (the
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<typeStatus id="C249887DA154DD06FB67FA8DF7742A7B" box="[1234,1335,1292,1316]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FAF1FA8DF7CB2A7B" box="[1348,1416,1292,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of various species: A – B, Stylaster bithalamus, MN SM 185, male, anterior and posterior views of same colony, respectively. C, Stylaster griseus, holotype. D – F, Stylaster amphiheloides, syntypes, BM 1842.12.2.79. G – H, Stylaster amphiheloides, MN SM 228, posterior and anterior views of same colony. I, Stylaster lonchitis, Liltved specimen. J, Stylaster kenti, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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J) measuring
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FEA1FAAEF3222A17" box="[276,353,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="4.1">4.1 cm</quantity>
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in height and
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FDB3FAAEF0102A17" box="[518,595,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="3.1">3.1 cm</quantity>
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in width, having a broken basal branch diameter of 5.0 mm. Branching is dichotomous. The coenosteal texture is reticulate-granular (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FC83FAD5F1CB2A33" box="[822,904,1364,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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C), the strips ranging from 50–70 µm in width, and are covered with low rounded granules. Nematopores and commensal worms are not present. The corallum is light brown, fading to off-white near the branch tips.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF72FA41F0A9291B" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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The cyclosystems are closely spaced and arranged linearly on all branch edges, alternating in a sympodial manner (
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<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FF4CFA65F37E2AA3" box="[249,317,1508,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1787,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colonies of various species: A – B, Stylaster bithalamus, MN SM 185, male, anterior and posterior views of same colony, respectively. C, Stylaster griseus, holotype. D – F, Stylaster amphiheloides, syntypes, BM 1842.12.2.79. G – H, Stylaster amphiheloides, MN SM 228, posterior and anterior views of same colony. I, Stylaster lonchitis, Liltved specimen. J, Stylaster kenti, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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J). Cyclosytems are elliptical to elongate in shape, the greater axis being up to
|
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<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FB16FA65F6BB2AA3" box="[1187,1272,1508,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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in length (
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||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FADBFA65F2F6297F" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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B). Based on 50 cyclosystems, the range of dactylopores per cyclosystem is 8–15; the average is 12.42 (ơ = 1.25); and the mode is 13. Diastemas are not present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD06FF72F9CEF08328D7" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
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The gastropores are circular (
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FDA6F9CEF0FA2938" box="[531,697,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), and the gastropore tube is long (up to
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FABEF9CEF7202938" box="[1291,1379,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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||
) and cylindrical, about three times the length of the gastrostyle, widening into a spherical gastropore chamber proximally. The gastrostyle has a short cylindrical base, which supports a toroidal middle section, topped by a vertical spine, the entire style being about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FDC1F93DF089298B" box="[628,714,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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||
in height, the distal spine constituting about 60% of that height. The middle and upper portions are covered with spines, those on the distal spines being much coarser (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FA9EF95EF73E29A8" box="[1323,1405,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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F). At the level of the upper gastrostyle spine the tube is constricted by a belt-like sphincter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FB35F885F6912843" box="[1152,1234,1796,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
F), which is about 90 µm in width. The pseudosepta range from
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FD1BF8A6F110281F" box="[686,851,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum width, whereas the dactylotomes are 0.90–
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FF63F8CDF360283B" box="[214,291,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="0.1">0.10 in</quantity>
|
||
width. Each dactylopore contains several linearly arranged dactyloglossae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FBC1F8CDF693283B" box="[1140,1232,1868,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E) that serve as baffles that occlude most of the dactylopore tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA154DD05FF72F815F36C2FA8" blockId="33.[151,1437,1076,2036]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Female ampullae are low swellings about
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FD2AF815F0B628F3" box="[671,757,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter that always occur near cyclosystems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FA9DF815F73828F3" box="[1320,1403,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Their efferent pores open into the upper gastropore tube. Male ampullae are considerably smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA154DD06FB40F839F73C288F" box="[1269,1407,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), irregular in shape, and occur in clustered on all branch surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85C92A5AA154DD06FC59F85DF60B28AB" box="[1004,1096,2012,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,697,1935]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 16. Stylaster kenti (A, C, F – G, male holotype, MN SM 43, SAM; B, D – E, female paratype from MN SM 43, SAM): A, stereo view of a cyclosystem and several male ampullae. B, stereo view of a cyclosystem. C, reticulate-granular coenosteal texture. D – E, various dactyloglossae (E a stereo pair). F, stereo view of a gastrostyle and sphincter. G, male ampullae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/284253/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
A, G). They have small apical efferent pores. Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA157DD05FECEFF19F3F52FEF" box="[379,438,152,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of ampullae often have a single small (
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA157DD05FCDCFF16F64E2FF0" box="[873,1037,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) round pore that appear to have been drilled through their surface, perhaps by a gastropod predator as noted in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FB5BFF3DF7272F8B" box="[1262,1380,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Adelopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FB5BFF3DF7272F8B" box="[1262,1380,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Adelopora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Cairns 1982).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA157DD05FF72FE82F0572E8F" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FF72FE82F32E2E43" bold="true" box="[199,365,259,284]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
As mentioned in the Material and Methods section, only six stylasterid species are known to have dactyloglossae, and only one other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FD24FEA9F0A72E1F" box="[657,740,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FD24FEA9F0A72E1F" box="[657,740,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. kenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FCC9FEA9F19F2E1F" box="[892,988,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FCC9FEA9F19F2E1F" box="[892,988,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Stylaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Group C):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FBD3FEA9F7672E1F" box="[1126,1316,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amphiheloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FBD3FEA9F7672E1F" box="[1126,1316,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. amphiheloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although similar,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FF47FECCF3052E3B" box="[242,326,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FF47FECCF3052E3B" box="[242,326,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. kenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that species in lacking commensal polynoid gall tubes, having a brown corallum, and having irregularly-shaped (not conical) male ampullae. And, although somewhat similar in colour, gastrostyle morphology, and dactyloglossae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FDB8FE14F01C2EF3" box="[525,607,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FDB8FE14F01C2EF3" box="[525,607,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. kenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FD47FE14F11D2EF3" box="[754,862,405,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FD47FE14F11D2EF3" box="[754,862,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. griseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in cyclosystem placement, number of dactylopores per cyclosystem, and depth range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA157DD05FF72FE5DF0EF2D00" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FF72FE5DF3252EAB" box="[199,358,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FF72FE5DF3252EAB" box="[199,358,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Stylaster kenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FDA5FE5CF1092EAB" authority="Boschma, 1970" authorityName="Boschma" authorityYear="1970" box="[528,842,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FDA5FE5CF0D72EAB" box="[528,660,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
Boschma,
|
||
<quantity id="DA0A9B3AA157DD05FCA7FE5DF1092EAB" box="[786,842,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0038" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="1970.0">1970</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in coenosteal colour and colony shape, but differs in almost every other character, including placement of cyclosystems, dactylostyle morphology, coenosteal texture, and female ampullae size and efferent pore location. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF24D5CA157DD05FC18FDA4F6752D63" box="[941,1078,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FC18FDA4F6752D63" box="[941,1078,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="65E5764FA157DD05FAD2FDA4F2B22D00" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
/New Caledonian region (Cairns 1991).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55E86554A157DD05FF72FDEAF1182DDB" box="[199,859,619,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D4D36DFA157DD05FF72FDEAF1182DDB" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" box="[199,859,619,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F86EACDA157DD05FF72FDEAF3232DDB" bold="true" box="[199,352,619,644]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C249887DA157DD05FDD5FDECF0D32DDA" box="[608,656,621,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Fig. 22).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |