201 lines
20 KiB
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201 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.49584" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46c58c23-7c82-40ee-868d-77d3b5058aaf" ID-PMC="PMC7180163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-927-65" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DDBCBAC4F1D65BB280F9A6989755996C" ID-PubMed="32341675" ID-ZooBank="F27544E1800140F5A879403CBD5BE52F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-927-65" checkinTime="1587138236753" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L., Kavanaugh, David H. & Maddison, David R." docDate="2020" docId="0448F28E21655A75AA0A8186F0072E85" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 927: 65-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 927" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.49584" docTitle="Nototylus balli Erwin & Kavanaugh 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2E9A04F6-AF58-43E2-8C79-7765690039A2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="DDBCBAC4F1D65BB280F9A6989755996C" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="DDBCBAC4F1D65BB280F9A6989755996C" masterDocTitle="After 157 years, a second specimen and species of the phylogenetically enigmatic and previously monobasic genus Nototylus Gemminger & Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nototylini)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1668168735368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>After 157 years, a second specimen and species of the phylogenetically enigmatic and previously monobasic genus Nototylus Gemminger & Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Nototylini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Curator Emeritus, Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-3824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>927</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>65</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.49584</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.49584</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-927-65</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F27544E1800140F5A879403CBD5BE52F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DDBCBAC4F1D65BB280F9A6989755996C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163643496" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E9A04F6-AF58-43E2-8C79-7765690039A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0448F28E21655A75AA0A8186F0072E85" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0448F28E-2165-5A75-AA0A-8186F0072E85" authority="Erwin & Kavanaugh" authorityName="Erwin & Kavanaugh" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nototylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nototylus balli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli" status="sp. nov.">Nototylus balli Erwin & Kavanaugh</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Nototylus 1 Nototylus fryi (Schaum), habitus, dorsal aspect, apparent body length (ABL) = 8.2 mm 2 - 6 Nototylus balli sp. nov.: 2 habitus, dorsal aspect, ABL = 9.1 mm 3 habitus, left lateral aspect 4 head, dorsal aspect 5 head, left lateral aspect; arrow indicates location of sulcus beneath eye 6 left foreleg, lateral aspect; femur with antennal cleaner present subapicoventrally 7 left mesotibia, ventral aspect 8 closeup of a middle leg spatulate seta. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (1 - 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400931" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ball’s">Ball's</normalizedToken>
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strange-combed beetle Figures 2-8
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 9. Map illustrating known distributions of species of Nototylus. Key: ■ = precise locality for N. balli sp. nov. (see text); ● = generalized locality for N. fryi (Schaum) in Brazil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400932" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">, 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Holotype</emphasis>
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: A female, deposited in NMNH, labeled: French Guiana, Cayenne, track
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bélizon">Belizon</normalizedToken>
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, pk 4.5, 90 m (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.3704" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.3704">4.3704N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="52.3216" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-52.3216">52.3216W</geoCoordinate>
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), July 2015 (JL Giuglaris) (NMNH: ADP143591, female).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="derivation of specific epithet">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Derivation of specific epithet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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The epithet,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">balli</emphasis>
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, is a Latinized eponym based on the family name of George E Ball, carabidologist and academic leader of a host of younger carabidologists, including all three coauthors, in celebration of his 90th birthday, 25 September 2016. This species was introduced to George and many other carabidophiles at Athens, GA, during the Fourth International Symposium of Carabidologists in September 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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With the attributes of the genus as described above and slightly larger-sized than the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimen. Adult with pale brown integument; only the mandibular apices and dorsal margins of tibiae infuscated. Head slightly broader and less narrowed posteriorly and with eyes more convex and hemispheric than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Frons and occiput moderately domed, aspect sub-hypognathus; smooth with fine, scattered setigerous punctures, perhaps with one slightly longer superorbital seta. Pronotum markedly domed, subquadrate, grossly explanate basolaterally, with lateral margins very slightly and evenly convex between front and hind angles (in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral margins straighter and slightly sinuate anterior to hind angles); dorsum, margins and proepipleura sparsely setiferous. Elytron with humerus perfectly rounded, elytral silhouette more distinctly swollen posterior to humerus than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, lateral margin markedly sinuate, disc markedly convex, apex at level of tucked post-femoral apex obliquely angulate, narrowly rounded apically to suture, not dentate, not plicate; lateral margin and epipleuron markedly setiferous. Interneurs with rounded or slightly elongate punctures, with uneven spacing between punctures. Hindwings macropterous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Nototylus 1 Nototylus fryi (Schaum), habitus, dorsal aspect, apparent body length (ABL) = 8.2 mm 2 - 6 Nototylus balli sp. nov.: 2 habitus, dorsal aspect, ABL = 9.1 mm 3 habitus, left lateral aspect 4 head, dorsal aspect 5 head, left lateral aspect; arrow indicates location of sulcus beneath eye 6 left foreleg, lateral aspect; femur with antennal cleaner present subapicoventrally 7 left mesotibia, ventral aspect 8 closeup of a middle leg spatulate seta. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (1 - 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400931" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">2</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Size</emphasis>
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: ABL = 9.1 mm, SBL = 9.00 mm, TW = 4.6 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Color</emphasis>
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: As described above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Luster</emphasis>
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: Shiny.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Head</emphasis>
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: As described above. Antennae moderately short, filiform; antennal scape and flagellar antennomeres about twice as long as wide, length of pedicel slightly less than twice its width; all antennomeres with pubescence in addition to multiple fixed setae, with only sparse pubescence on scape and pedicel and denser pubescence on flagellar antennomeres.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Prothorax</emphasis>
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: Subquadrate, slightly constricted near base, hind angles produced posteriorly, anterior margin broader than neck; surface of disc as described above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Pterothorax</emphasis>
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: Elytron markedly convex, slightly broader in anterior third with small epipleural flange, moderately flared from middle to apical third and rounded to hind angle; intervals flat, intervals 1, 3, and 5 with setigerous pores throughout length, interneurs striate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Legs</emphasis>
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: Profemur with antennal grooming structure as described for genus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Nototylus 1 Nototylus fryi (Schaum), habitus, dorsal aspect, apparent body length (ABL) = 8.2 mm 2 - 6 Nototylus balli sp. nov.: 2 habitus, dorsal aspect, ABL = 9.1 mm 3 habitus, left lateral aspect 4 head, dorsal aspect 5 head, left lateral aspect; arrow indicates location of sulcus beneath eye 6 left foreleg, lateral aspect; femur with antennal cleaner present subapicoventrally 7 left mesotibia, ventral aspect 8 closeup of a middle leg spatulate seta. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (1 - 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400931" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">6</figureCitation>
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) and with protibia ventrally and mesotibia ventromedially (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Nototylus 1 Nototylus fryi (Schaum), habitus, dorsal aspect, apparent body length (ABL) = 8.2 mm 2 - 6 Nototylus balli sp. nov.: 2 habitus, dorsal aspect, ABL = 9.1 mm 3 habitus, left lateral aspect 4 head, dorsal aspect 5 head, left lateral aspect; arrow indicates location of sulcus beneath eye 6 left foreleg, lateral aspect; femur with antennal cleaner present subapicoventrally 7 left mesotibia, ventral aspect 8 closeup of a middle leg spatulate seta. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (1 - 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400931" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">7</figureCitation>
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) with fringes of slender, elongate and apically ovospatulate setae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Nototylus 1 Nototylus fryi (Schaum), habitus, dorsal aspect, apparent body length (ABL) = 8.2 mm 2 - 6 Nototylus balli sp. nov.: 2 habitus, dorsal aspect, ABL = 9.1 mm 3 habitus, left lateral aspect 4 head, dorsal aspect 5 head, left lateral aspect; arrow indicates location of sulcus beneath eye 6 left foreleg, lateral aspect; femur with antennal cleaner present subapicoventrally 7 left mesotibia, ventral aspect 8 closeup of a middle leg spatulate seta. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (1 - 8)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400931" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">8</figureCitation>
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) like those in the profemoral grooming structure.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: As described above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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: Unknown for this species.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Female ovipositor</emphasis>
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: see
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<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (nouvelle serie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="133 - 144" refId="B4" refString="Deuve, T, 1994. Les Nototylidae, une famille enigmatique de coleopteres Adephaga. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (nouvelle serie) 30: 133 - 144" title="Les Nototylidae, une famille enigmatique de coleopteres Adephaga." volume="30" year="1994">Deuve (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Based on unpublished scanning electron microscope images of the foreleg of the female holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from George Ball and shared with us by Wendy Moore, we can now report that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. fryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fryi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. fryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has the strange ovospatulate setae in the same locations as we have observed in the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. balli" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="balli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">N. balli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 9. Map illustrating known distributions of species of Nototylus. Key: ■ = precise locality for N. balli sp. nov. (see text); ● = generalized locality for N. fryi (Schaum) in Brazil." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.927.49584.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/400932" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">9</figureCitation>
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). This species is currently known only from the type locality in French Guiana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="dispersal potential">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Dispersal potential.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Macropterous and capable of flight. The holotype was collected with a glass pane flight intercept trap (FIT) (JL Giuglaris, pers. comm.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="way of life">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Way of life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Unknown, except that these beetles live in lowland rainforests and are extremely rarely collected. Only one specimen has been found so far despite the on-going beetle inventory by the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Société">Societe</normalizedToken>
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entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) since 2014 in French Guiana (see Notes, below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">The rainy season in French Guiana consists of heavy rainfall between December and July while the remaining months are comparatively dryer. Annual precipitation reaches 9.652 cm in and around Cayenne. Temperatures reach 25 to 27 °C as an average high at Cayenne. Thus, the specimen described herein was collected in the late warm rainy season a mere 57.4 km south of Cayenne.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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From materials thus far collected by the SEAG inventory program, 19,272 carabid specimens have been sent to the first author, TLE. These specimens were collected from 30 different localities in French Guiana, mainly by FITs (flight intercept traps of both the glass pane and net types), but also at lights of various wave lengths (blue, pink), GEM lights, and SLAM traps (a small 4-sided malaise called the Sea, Land, and Air Malaise (SLAM) Trap that floats on water, stands on the ground, or hangs in the sky) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Le Coleopteriste" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 88" refId="B10" refString="Erwin, TL, Micheli, C, Hevel, G, 2012. Neotropical beetles of Guyane: Genera of the family Carabidae (Coleoptera) with notes on species richness currently known from the literature and recent collections. Le Coleopteriste 5: 1 - 88" title="Neotropical beetles of Guyane: Genera of the family Carabidae (Coleoptera) with notes on species richness currently known from the literature and recent collections." volume="5" year="2012">Erwin et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). None of those was a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gemminger & Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nototylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nototylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Nototylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimen. An independent collector (not part of SEAG) came upon the single specimen described here, also collected in a glass pane FIT. It is unclear just why no adults of this species have been collected in any of the many SEAGFITs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |