149 lines
23 KiB
XML
149 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AFCBAAA2DF2B7A8F5C90B49C33A335A7">First report of kinorhynchs from Singapore, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0F6332FB5BE91CD0A9C27CA2BA8E3D5">Sørensen, Martin V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="374C9A741DC5BA90BF756270BED8DDC4">Gąsiorowski, Ludwik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8C13754AA22BF0FDFD66B973ABDE647">Randsø, Phillip V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B18649904B89CEBCAB3295B4A617E72">Sánchez, Nuria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35EDBB3A0885FE4591E3BD4D58059DCD">Neves, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="31BC9598F0BBA3D14FCBB9D753DE6B88">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="39288D6644701715F929A1974A4F1B2B">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13EE5BC61CDC3FE49A06B09A5FCB78A7">2016-01-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D187A7DA264E1C3B43FD14FAB4FE48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4776227" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182244074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4776227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187A7DA264E1C3B43FD14FAB4FE48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187A7DA264E1C3B43FD14FAB4FE48" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C362653ADA264E1C3B43FD14FD92FD28" box="[333,533,1821,1845]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA264E1C3B43FD14FD92FD28" blockId="17.[333,533,1821,1845]" box="[333,533,1821,1845]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D08F81DDDA264E1C3B43FD14FD92FD28" bold="true" box="[333,533,1821,1845]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3B43FD14FD92FD28" bold="true" box="[333,533,1821,1845]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3B43FD14FE50FD28" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[333,471,1821,1845]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3B43FD14FE50FD28" bold="true" box="[333,471,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C362653ADA264E1C3A7FFD54FAB4FE48" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA264E1C3A7FFD54FDBAF228" blockId="17.[113,753,1885,2101]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3A7FFD54FED3FD68" bold="true" box="[113,340,1885,1909]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Two specimens of another unknown species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3ADCFD74FEDCFD88" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[210,347,1917,1941]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3ADCFD74FEDCFD88" box="[210,347,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2, were collected at station SI- 03. One specimen mounted for
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA264E1C3BDAFD94FD8CFDA8" box="[468,523,1949,1973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">SEM</collectionCode>
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did not provide any information, whereas the other one mounted for LM (
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C38CBFDB4FF0DFDE8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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F–J) provided fragmentary information. The LM specimen was deposited at the Natural History Museum of
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA264E1C3888FDF4FD6BF208" box="[646,748,2045,2069]" name="Denmark" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, under catalogue number
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA264E1C3B8EF214FE4AF228" box="[384,461,2077,2101]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA264E1C3BDBF214FD97F228" box="[469,528,2077,2101]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">KIN-</collectionCode>
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856.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA264E1C3923FAB4FB47F829" blockId="17.[812,1453,189,565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3923FAB4FB1BFAC8" bold="true" box="[813,1180,189,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Notes on diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
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Male
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3EE9FAB4FAEAFAC8" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[1255,1389,189,213]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3EE9FAB4FAEAFAC8" box="[1255,1389,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C3F8EFAB4FCD0FAE8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
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) with quite short middorsal spines at least on segments 4, 5 and 6 (
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C39A5FAF4FB96FB08" box="[939,1041,253,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
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). Round middorsal scars on segments 7 and 8 indicate that spines could have been present here as well, although this is uncertain. This also prevents the opportunities for further identification or description. Additional characteristics include laterodorsal tubes on segment 10, lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5 (
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C3F8FFB94FCE8FBC8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10G, I</figureCitation>
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), and short lateroventral spines on segments 6 to 9 (
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C3F8FFBB4FCD4FBE8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
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). Tergal extensions, with curved external margins, and pointed offset tips at exterior margins (
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<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C3EDCFBF4FAAAF808" box="[1234,1325,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
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). Glandular cell outlets of
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<typeStatus id="54C38813DA264E1C39C4F814FC7FF828" box="[970,1016,541,565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
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2 are not present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA264E1C3923F854FAB4FE48" blockId="17.[812,1452,605,1109]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">
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The fragmented information about the dorsal spine patterns makes further attempts to identify the species meaningless. The lateral spine pattern, with spine/tubes on segments 5 to 9, is shared with 56 described congeners, and 33 of these also show lateroventral or ventrolateral tubes on segment 2. The very short middorsal spines, combined with the lateral spine pattern show some resemblance with species such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3923F934FB32F948" authority="Zelinka, 1913" authorityName="Zelinka" authorityYear="1913" box="[813,1205,829,853]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3923F934FB8BF948" box="[813,1036,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes ehlersi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3E19F934FB32F948" author="Zelinka K" box="[1047,1205,829,853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refId="ref16350" refString="Zelinka K (1913) Der Echinoderen der Deutschen Sudpolar- Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Band 14. Reimer, Berlin." type="book" year="1913">Zelinka, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3ECBF934FC44F968" authority="Higgins, 1978" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1978" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="gerardi">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3ECBF934FA2CF948" box="[1221,1451,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes gerardi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3923F954FC44F968" author="Higgins RP" box="[813,963,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref14651" refString="Higgins RP (1978) Echinoderes gerardi n. sp. and E. riedli (Kinorhyncha) from the Gulf of Tunis. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97: 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1978">Higgins, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C39C3F954FAFDF968" authority="Higgins, 1983" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1983" box="[973,1402,861,885]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="imperforatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C39C3F954FB67F968" box="[973,1248,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes imperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3EEDF954FAFDF968" author="Higgins RP" box="[1251,1402,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref14714" refString="Higgins RP (1983) The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, II: Kinorhyncha. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Science, 18: 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1983">Higgins, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3923F974FB7EF988" authority="Adrianov et al., 2002" authorityName="Adrianov" authorityYear="2002" box="[813,1273,893,917]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="sensibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3923F974FB9EF988" box="[813,1049,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes sensibilis</emphasis>
|
||
Adrianov et al., 2002
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3F20F974FC1FF9A8" author="Adrianov AV & Murakami C & Shirayama Y" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" pagination="463 - 473" refId="ref14277" refString="Adrianov AV, Murakami C & Shirayama Y (2002 c) Taxonomic study of the Kinorhyncha in Japan. III. Echinoderes sensibilis n. sp. (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Tanabe Bay. Zoological Science, 19: 463 - 473." type="journal article" year="2002">Adrianov et al., 2002c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the long and pointed tergal extensions in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA264E1C3923F9B4FC1FF9C8" box="[813,920,957,981]" name="Singapore" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13432A34DA264E1C39FBF9B4FBCDF9C8" box="[1013,1098,957,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,148,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[112,1449,233,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-12@15.[112,1451,232,1893]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of trunk morphology in female Echinoderes sp. 1, KIN-855 (A–E) and male Echinoderes sp. 2, KIN-856 (F–J). A, ventral overview. B, Neck region and segments 1–3, ventral view. C, segments 4–7, dorsal view. D, segments 5–8, ventral view. E, segments 10–11, ventral view. F, ventral overview. G, Segments 1–3, ventral view. H, segments 4–7, dorsal view. I, segments 5–7, ventral view. J, segments 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; te, tergal extensions; vlt, ventrolateral tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4502567/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||
) differ completely from the rather short and well-spaced ones present in these species. Hence, for now, we would expect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA264E1C3E55F9F4FB66FE08" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[1115,1249,1021,1045]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA264E1C3E55F9F4FB66FE08" box="[1115,1249,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Echinoderes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 to represent a new species, but that a formal description would have to wait until more and better material is available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |