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<document id="F53EF80ABB14D316F962BB7EABE57C74" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4748.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94d55437-8797-4ead-8ae5-175696163d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700975" ID-ZooBank="1A819C42-2B07-43DC-8670-9EA4805FA79F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583739138081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pazoki, Samaneh, Rahimian, Hassan, Struck, Torsten H., Katouzian, Ahmad R. &amp; Kupriyanova, Elena K." docDate="2020" docId="FA0F87985440FFDB499B6389FE0C5A43" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4783.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4748 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spirobranchus sinuspersicus Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="414" masterDocId="0636FFE05445FFD6490C6700FFC45B5C" masterDocTitle="A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman" masterLastPageNumber="430" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="406" updateTime="1698726055484" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AF3D95F632DBA490C8261E49ADC7E613">A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E25B6D31C76AF5AA634F81DD0E07B166">Pazoki, Samaneh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="216B24491B9B2E7C37D1A535D976075F">Rahimian, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24CA50D7D94AEE921D80E9E249BEFFAF">Struck, Torsten H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67F548BD8964047682C46B9A88BB0BB0">Katouzian, Ahmad R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8AB83D0712204864765DA73D98538A34">Kupriyanova, Elena K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AA6CF57B40F54AA86C76AD4DDB573202">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="75ABF715111E52EADB202E900B392B51">2020-03-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="528601CE060884876D644F6FB474EC6E">4748</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FA0F87985440FFDB499B6389FE0C5A43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3705594" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162484324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3705594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0F87985440FFDB499B6389FE0C5A43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA0F87985440FFDB499B6389FE0C5A43" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
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<heading id="295181E25440FFD3499B6389FD9E5FFF" bold="true" box="[151,602,1161,1188]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B6389FD9E5FFF" bold="true" box="[151,602,1161,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B6389FE315FFF" ID-CoL="85S2D" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,501,1161,1188]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B6389FE315FFF" bold="true" box="[151,501,1161,1188]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75440FFD348F06389FD9E5FFF" box="[508,602,1161,1187]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3ABC65055440FFD3499B63ADFE085F94" box="[151,460,1196,1224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B63ADFE085F94" blockId="5.[151,602,1161,1224]" box="[151,460,1196,1224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5440FFD3499363ADFF2C5F9B" box="[159,232,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with S. sinuspersicus aggregations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5440FFD349F863ADFEC45F9B" box="[244,256,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">3</figureCitation>
A–D, 4, 5A–D, 6)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ABC65055440FFD3499B63F0FECA5E55" box="[151,270,1264,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B63F0FECA5E55" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" box="[151,270,1264,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<heading id="295181E25440FFD3499B63F0FECA5E55" bold="true" box="[151,270,1264,1289]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="2">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B63F0FECA5E55" bold="true" box="[151,270,1264,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Synonymy.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3ABC65055440FFD3499B6210FBA25DA8" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B6210FF355E1B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B6210FE755E74" box="[151,433,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B6210FE695E74" ID-CoL="4Z7SD" authorityName="Pixell" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,429,1296,1320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maldivensis">Spirobranchus maldivensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
—not
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD348FC620FFDA85E74" author="Pixell, H. L. M." box="[496,620,1295,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="69 - 92" refId="ref19933" refString="Pixell, H. L. M. (1913) Polychaeta of the Indian Ocean, together with some species from the Cape Verde Islands. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 16, 69 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1914. tb 00125. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Pixell, 1913</bibRefCitation>
but
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34B956211FD155E74" box="[665,721,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34BD4620FFC175E74" author="Wesenberg-Lund, E." box="[728,979,1295,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="247 - 400" refId="ref21746" refString="Wesenberg-Lund, E. (1949) Polychaetes of the Iranian Gulf. In: Jessen, K. &amp; Sparck, R. (Eds.), Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran. Vol. 4. Ejnar Munskgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 247 - 400." type="book chapter" year="1949">Wesenberg-Lund (1949)</bibRefCitation>
: 358–359 [Jask, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34DC26210FACA5E74" box="[1230,1294,1296,1320]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Oman</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34C156210FA805E7B" box="[1305,1348,1296,1319]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, diagno- sis].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B624DFD1D5EBC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B624DFE4D5E39" box="[151,393,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B624DFEAF5E39" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,363,1357,1381]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">Pomatoleios kraussii</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34885624CFD455E39" author="Mohammad, M. B." box="[393,641,1356,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="285 - 303" refId="ref19192" refString="Mohammad, M. B. (1971) Intertidal polychaetes from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Zoology, 163 (3), 285 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1971. tb 04536. x" type="journal article" year="1971">Mohammad (1971: 300)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34B82624CFD1A5E39" box="[654,734,1356,1381]" name="Kuwait" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, short description of tubes];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34AF3624CFAC75E39" author="Mohammad, M. B." box="[1023,1283,1356,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref19248" refString="Mohammad, M. B. (1975) Competitive relationship between Balanus amphitrite amphitrite and Pomatoleios kraussii with special reference to their larval settlement. Hydrobiologia, 46 (1), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00038722" type="journal article" year="1975">Mohammad (1975: 1–15)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34C1C624CFAA45E39" box="[1296,1376,1356,1381]" name="Kuwait" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, ecol- ogy];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3480E626BFE225ED8" author="Crisp, M." box="[258,486,1387,1412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref16905" refString="Crisp, M. (1977) The development of the serpulid Pomatoleios kraussii (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Zoology, 183 (2), 147 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1977. tb 04178. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Crisp (1977: 147–160)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD348FD626BFD855ED8" box="[497,577,1387,1412]" name="Kuwait" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, larval development];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34A2C626BFC245ED8" author="Fiege, D." box="[800,992,1387,1412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref17318" refString="Fiege, D. (1992) Polychaeta of the Intertidal Zone in the Ras Az-Zawr Marduma Bay Region, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished Progress Report of the Senckenbergische Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt am Main, 23 pp." type="book" year="1992">Fiege (1992: 1–23)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34AE7626BFBB75ED8" box="[1003,1139,1387,1412]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, “even found on heavily oiled rocks/beaches”];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3487B628AFD4F5EFF" author="Wehe, T. &amp; Fiege, D." box="[375,651,1418,1443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="7 - 238" refId="ref21693" refString="Wehe, T. &amp; Fiege, D. (2002) Annotated checklist of the polychaete species of the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf. Fauna of Arabia, 19, 7 - 238." type="journal article" year="2002">Wehe &amp; Fiege (2002: 129)</bibRefCitation>
[name only, checklist of Persian Gulf polychaetes],
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34DAB628AFF2D5E9D" author="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Skryabin, V. &amp; Boltachova, N. &amp; Revkov, N. &amp; Makarov, M. &amp; Grintsov, V. &amp; Kolesnikova, E." pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref15875" refString="Al-Yamani, F. Y., Skryabin, V., Boltachova, N., Revkov, N., Makarov, M., Grintsov, V. &amp; Kolesnikova, E. (2012) Illustrated Atlas on the Zoobenthos of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, 383 pp. http: // doi. org / 10.13140 / RG. 2.1.2535.7285" type="book" year="2012">
Al-Yamani
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34C12628BFA975EFE" box="[1310,1363,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 75)
</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD349FA62A8FE825E9D" box="[246,326,1448,1473]" name="Kuwait" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, name and photos of tubes];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34B6762A8FCAC5E9D" author="Joydas, T. V. &amp; Qurban, M. A. &amp; Al-Suwailem, A. &amp; Krishnakumar, P. K. &amp; Nazeer, Z. &amp; Cali, N. A." box="[619,872,1448,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="325 - 335" refId="ref18191" refString="Joydas, T. V., Qurban, M. A., Al-Suwailem, A., Krishnakumar, P. K., Nazeer, Z. &amp; Cali, N. A. (2012) Macrobenthic community structure in the northern Saudi waters of the Gulf, 14 years after the 1991 oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64 (2), 325 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2011.11.007" type="journal article" year="2012">
Joydas
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34BBB62AAFD2E5E9D" box="[695,746,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 330)
</bibRefCitation>
[PG,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34AA862A8FBE85E9D" box="[932,1068,1448,1473]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, name only];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34DBA62A8FAB85E9D" author="Safari, N. &amp; Amrollahi, N. &amp; Kamrani, E. &amp; Shahdadi, A." box="[1206,1404,1448,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20370" refString="Safari, N., Amrollahi, N., Kamrani, E. &amp; Shahdadi, A. (2014 a) Identification of tube worms Serpulidae of Shilat Bay in Bandar Abbas. First regional conference on the sea, the development and water resources of coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbass, Hormuzgan, No. 34, 1 - 10. [in Persian, https: // www. civilica. com / Paper-WATERJDH 01 - WATERJDH 01 _ 034. html]" type="proceedings paper" year="2014">
Safari
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34DF662AAFAEA5E9D" box="[1274,1326,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2014a
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, b) [
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD349C162C7FEA55EBC" box="[205,353,1479,1504]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bandar Abbas</collectingCountry>
, Strait of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD348C862C8FDDE5E83" box="[452,538,1480,1503]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34B2F62C8FD8A5E83" box="[547,590,1480,1503]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, description].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B62E6FC265DC4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B62E6FE5B5EA2" box="[151,415,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B62E6FE455EA2" ID-CoL="4Z7S8" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,385,1510,1534]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">Spirobranchus kraussii</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3489362E6FD895EA3" author="Pillai, T." box="[415,589,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="93 - 199" refId="ref19816" refString="Pillai, T. (2009) Descriptions of new serpulid polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific species of Spirobranchus and superficially similar taxa. Records of the Australian Museum, 61 (2), 93 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1489" type="journal article" year="2009">Pillai (2009: 168</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 49E–G) [
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5440FFD34BE862E6FC9D5EA3" box="[740,857,1510,1535]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34A6862E6FB815EA3" box="[868,1093,1510,1535]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
, short description];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34C1C62E6FEF75D41" author="Baghernejhad, N." pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref15946" refString="Baghernejhad, N. (2012) Survey on seasonal changes on biodiversity, richness and distribution of intertidal polychaetes of Bushehr rocky shores. Master's thesis. University of Bushehr, Bushehr, 77 pp. [in Persian]" type="book" year="2012">Baghernejhad (2012: 70)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5440FFD3484C6104FE5D5D41" box="[320,409,1540,1565]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bushehr</collectingRegion>
, PG,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD348DE6106FE395D41" box="[466,509,1542,1565]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, name and abundance],
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34BFB6104FBEF5D41" author="Baghernejhad, N. &amp; Salari, M. A. &amp; Ronagh, M. T. &amp; Vazirizadeh, A." box="[759,1067,1540,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="69 - 75" refId="ref15987" refString="Baghernejhad, N., Salari, M. A., Ronagh, M. T. &amp; Vazirizadeh, A. (2015) The effect of seasonal variations on diversity and dominance of intertidal Polychaeta of the Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province). Journal of Oceanography, 6 (22), 69 - 75. [in Persian, http: // joc. inio. ac. ir / article- 1 - 771 - fa. html]" type="journal article" year="2015">
Baghernejhad
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34A876106FC045D41" box="[907,960,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2015: 71
</bibRefCitation>
, 73) [
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5440FFD34D6B6104FB045D41" box="[1127,1216,1540,1565]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bushehr</collectingRegion>
, PG,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34DF56106FAE05D41" box="[1273,1316,1542,1565]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, population dynamics];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3484E6123FCC55D60" author="Lavajoo, F. &amp; Amrollahi-Biuki, N." box="[322,769,1571,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref18840" refString="Lavajoo, F. &amp; Amrollahi-Biuki, N. (2015) Biological structure and the effect of temperature on embryonic stage of the Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865) (Annelida: Serpulidae) in Bandar Abbas in the Persian Gulf. Journal of the Persian Gulf, 6 (22), 49 - 60. [http: // jpg. inio. ac. ir / article- 1 - 445 - en. html]" type="journal article" year="2015">Lavajoo &amp; Amrollahi-Biuki (2015: 49–57)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34A1D6123FC6C5D60" box="[785,936,1571,1596]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bandar Abbas</collectingCountry>
, Strait of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34D1A6124FBA85D67" box="[1046,1132,1572,1595]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34D766124FB615D67" box="[1146,1189,1572,1595]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, reproductive ecology]; Bonyadi-Naeini
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3487C6143FE605D06" box="[368,420,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2017: 2–6) [Abu-Musa
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34BA86142FD205D07" box="[676,740,1602,1627]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Island</collectingCountry>
, PG,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34A106143FC835D06" box="[796,839,1603,1626]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, name only];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34ADF6142FB2F5D07" author="Sanchez Ovando, J. P." box="[979,1259,1602,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref20560" refString="Sanchez Ovando, J. P. (2019) Revision de las especies del genero Spirobranchus Blainville, 1818 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) de America tropical. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad del Mar, Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico, 99 pp." type="book" year="2019">Sánchez Ovando (2019: 45</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 14A–C, 23) [
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5440FFD349C16160FED45D25" box="[205,272,1632,1657]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Dubayy" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Dubai</collectingRegion>
, the
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD348326160FDD95D25" box="[318,541,1632,1657]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
; description];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD34BA16160FC515D25" author="Lavajoo, F." box="[685,917,1632,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="93 - 98" refId="ref18788" refString="Lavajoo, F. (2019) Influence of different algal diets on larval growth rates in the marine Serpulidae polychaete worm Spirobranchus kraussii. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 77 (2), 93 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / cjf- 2019 - 0010" type="journal article" year="2019">Lavajoo (2019: 93–97)</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34AAD6160FBF05D25" box="[929,1076,1632,1657]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bandar Abbas</collectingCountry>
, Strait of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34D9A6162FB285D25" box="[1174,1260,1634,1657]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34DF96162FAE45D25" box="[1269,1312,1634,1657]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, larval ecol- ogy];
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3480F617FFDCF5DC4" author="Shabani, F. &amp; Nasrolahi, A. &amp; Thiel, M." box="[259,523,1663,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="112979" refId="ref20800" refString="Shabani, F., Nasrolahi, A. &amp; Thiel, M. (2019) Assemblage of encrusting organisms on floating anthropogenic debris along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Pollution, 254, 112979. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. envpol. 2019.112979" type="journal article" year="2019">
Shabani
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD348576181FE4A5DC4" box="[347,398,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2019: 1–9)
</bibRefCitation>
[Northern coast of the Persian Gulf, ecology].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B619EFEC65D89" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B619EFE625DEA" ID-CoL="4Z7S8" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,422,1694,1719]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B619EFEEF5DEA" box="[151,299,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Spirobranchus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3485B619EFE625DEA" box="[343,422,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD348AA619EFE005DEA" box="[422,452,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">.—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD348C8619EFD195DEB" author="Al-Kandari, M. &amp; Sattari, Z. &amp; Hussain, S. &amp; Radashevsky, V. &amp; Zhadan, A." box="[452,733,1694,1719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="100872" refId="ref15807" refString="Al-Kandari, M., Sattari, Z., Hussain, S., Radashevsky, V. &amp; Zhadan, A. (2019) Checklist of intertidal polychaetes (Annelida) of Kuwait, Northern part of the Arabian Gulf. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2019, 100872. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rsma. 2019.100872" type="journal article" year="2019">
Al-Kandari
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34B4C619FFDB25DEA" box="[576,630,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2019: 8)
</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34BE0619EFCF85DEB" box="[748,828,1694,1719]" name="Kuwait" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
, PG, name only, checklist of intertidal polychaetes of Ku- wait].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD3499B61DCFBA25DA8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1780]" box="[151,1126,1755,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5440FFD3499B61DCFEC25DA8" ID-CoL="84Q6Z" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,262,1756,1780]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Galeolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B61DCFEC25DA8" box="[151,262,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Galeolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.—
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5440FFD3483361DBFDAB5DA8" author="Roohi-Shalmaee, N. &amp; Mousavi-Nadushan, R. &amp; Mostafavi, P. G. &amp; Shahbazzadeh, D. &amp; Bagheri, K. P." box="[319,623,1755,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20290" refString="Roohi-Shalmaee, N., Mousavi-Nadushan, R., Mostafavi, P. G., Shahbazzadeh, D. &amp; Bagheri, K. P. (2019) Ecological adaptation of the Persian Gulf polychaete in a polluted area: proteomics concerning dominant defensive biomarkers. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13762 - 019 - 02508 - y" type="journal article" year="2019">
Roohi-Shalmaee
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD348FE61DDFDE15DA8" box="[498,549,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
[
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34B7761DBFCCA5DA8" box="[635,782,1755,1780]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bandar Abbas</collectingCountry>
, Strait of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34A7D61DCFC035DAF" box="[881,967,1756,1779]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34ADD61DCFC385DAF" box="[977,1020,1756,1779]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Iran</collectingCountry>
, ecology].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ABC65055440FFD0499B6022FAFE5945" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7219368E5440FFD0499B6022FDC95A1E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1825,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<materialsCitation id="C2CE3CD35440FFD3499B6022FA8F5C60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575869401" box="[151,1355,1825,1853]" collectorName="H. Ashrafi &amp; S. Pazoki" country="Iran" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="407" location="Gulf" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="6" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD3499B6022FE015C60" bold="true" box="[151,453,1825,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Type material.
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5440FFD348426022FE7B5C60" box="[334,447,1826,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
St.7, ZUTC.6780, on rock, high intertidal zone, legit S. Pazoki, 4A–B,
<tableCitation id="3F2403355440FFD34DFA6022FA8F5C60" box="[1270,1355,1826,1852]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,577,603]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. List of sampling stations. PG—Persian Gulf; SH—Strait of Hormuz; GO—Gulf of Oman. Stations are arranged by longitude." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26D966065441FFD2499B6541F9925907" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" tableUuid="26D966065441FFD2499B6541F9925907">Table 1</tableCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C2CE3CD35440FFD04C556022FDCD5A1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575869365" collectorName="H. Ashrafi &amp; S. Pazoki" country="Iran" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" location="Gulf" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" specimenCount="61" specimenCount-juvenile="6" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34C556022FF1B5C3C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5440FFD34C556022FF1D5C3C" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
total of
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD3484E6046FE1B5C3C" box="[322,479,1862,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5440FFD348E06046FD815C3C" box="[492,581,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,191,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[167,1420,179,1807]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of A—Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and B— the taxa of Spirobranchus kraussii-complex used in the phylogenetic analysis. In the map A, green circle is the type locality of the new species; purple circles indicate localities sampled for this study; red circles indicate localities where specimens used for molecular part of the study where collected, including the specimen from Kuwait used in Simon et al. (2019); brown circles are localities from the literature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700977/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="3F2403355440FFD34B5E6046FD6C5C3C" box="[594,680,1862,1888]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,577,603]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. List of sampling stations. PG—Persian Gulf; SH—Strait of Hormuz; GO—Gulf of Oman. Stations are arranged by longitude." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26D966065441FFD2499B6541F9925907" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" tableUuid="26D966065441FFD2499B6541F9925907">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34BBB6045FC9E5C3C" bold="true" box="[695,858,1861,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Persian Gulf:</emphasis>
St.1, ZUTC.6781 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34D376046FB485C3D" box="[1083,1164,1862,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6783 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34C326046FA4B5C3D" box="[1342,1423,1862,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6807 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD3483A606AFE4F5CD9" box="[310,395,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.2, ZUTC.6800 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34B8E606AFD3D5CD9" box="[642,761,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6806 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34AA3606AFBC05CD9" box="[943,1028,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.6, ZUTC.6779 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34DF7606AFA945CD9" box="[1275,1360,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.7, ZUTC.6782 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34839608EFE435CF5" box="[309,391,1934,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6805 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34B30608EFD4B5CF5" box="[572,655,1934,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.9, ZUTC.6784 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34A8D608EFC105CF5" box="[897,980,1934,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), NHMO C7015 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34DA6608EFB395CF5" box="[1194,1277,1934,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6786 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD349AE60B2FF375C91" box="[162,243,1970,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6801 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD348A860B2FDDC5C91" box="[420,536,1970,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
);
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5440FFD34B2060B1FCC15C90" bold="true" box="[556,773,1969,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Strait of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5440FFD34B9460B2FCC45C90" box="[664,768,1970,1996]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
St.13, ZUTC.6796 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34AFF60B2FB875C91" box="[1011,1091,1970,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6797 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34DF860B2FA815C91" box="[1268,1349,1970,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.14, ZUTC.6791 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD3483D60D6FE455CAD" box="[305,385,2006,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.15, ZUTC.6788 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34B7B60D6FD035CAD" box="[631,711,2006,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6789 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34A7860D6FC005CAD" box="[884,964,2006,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6799 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD34D7D60D6FB205CAD" box="[1137,1252,2006,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6812 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075440FFD04C9C60D6FF325BE8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6813 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD048AE6799FDD15BE8" box="[418,533,153,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
); St.17, ZUTC.6778 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A046799FC935BEF" box="[776,855,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), NHMO C7016 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04D2F6799FBB65BEF" box="[1059,1138,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6802 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04C136799FA555BE8" box="[1311,1425,153,180]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6808 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD0483C67BDFEBB5B8B" box="[304,383,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.18, AM W.52757 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04B7367BDFD095B8B" box="[639,717,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6804 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A7567BDFC005B8B" box="[889,964,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
prepared for SEM);
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD04DA467BCFA915B8B" bold="true" box="[1192,1365,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<location id="777960555443FFD04DA467BCFB1A5B8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0F87985440FFDB499B6389FE0C5A43:777960555443FFD04DA467BCFB1A5B8B" box="[1192,1246,188,215]" country="Iran" name="Gulf" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Gulf</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5443FFD04C0D67BCFA945B8B" box="[1281,1360,188,215]" name="Oman" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
St.22, ZUTC.6790 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD0483D67E0FE445BA7" box="[305,384,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), AM W.52758 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04B3067E0FD4F5BA7" box="[572,651,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), legit.
<collectorName id="DF5353585443FFD04BD367E1FC935BA6" box="[735,855,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">H. Ashrafi</collectorName>
; St.25, ZUTC.6793 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04D4F67E0FB575BA7" box="[1091,1171,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6794 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04C4C67E0FA4B5BA7" box="[1344,1423,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6795 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD0483D6604FE445A43" box="[305,384,260,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6809 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04B226604FDB95A43" box="[558,637,260,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC.6810 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A266604FCBE5A43" box="[810,890,260,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); all material legit by
<collectorName id="DF5353585443FFD04D626604FB1C5A42" box="[1134,1240,260,286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">S. Pazoki</collectorName>
from mid to high intertidal unless otherwise stated
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB664BFC565A8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB664BFD705A3A" bold="true" box="[199,692,331,358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
Material not included in the
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5443FFD04B21664CFDA45A3A" box="[557,608,332,358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
Specimens with fringed peduncular wings: St.7, ZUTC.6815 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04C9C664CFF105AD6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.18, ZUTC.6816 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD048DF666FFDE25AD6" box="[467,550,367,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.25, ZUTC.6814 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A2A666FFCBD5AD6" box="[806,889,367,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); specimens with dissected talons: St.6, ZUTC. 6819 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD049EC6693FEEB5AF2" box="[224,303,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.14, ZUTC. 6820 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04B296692FDB15AF2" box="[549,629,402,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">5 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.15, ZUTC.6818 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A646693FC725AF2" box="[872,950,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
), ZUTC. 6821 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04D686693FB715AF2" box="[1124,1205,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">7 spec.</specimenCount>
), St.17, ZUTC. 6822 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD049AC66B7FF365A8D" box="[160,242,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">7 spec.</specimenCount>
), St.23, ZUTC. 6822 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD048E166B7FDFB5A8D" box="[493,575,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">7 spec.</specimenCount>
); St.25, ZUTC.6817 (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A3A66B7FC425A8D" box="[822,902,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB66DAFAFE5945" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB66DAFDFD5AA9" bold="true" box="[199,569,474,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Material used for comparison.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5443FFD04B4F66DAFB4D5AA9" authority=", Danger Point, Walker Bay" authorityName="Danger Point, Walker Bay" box="[579,1161,474,501]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD04B4F66DAFC8E5AA8" box="[579,842,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Spirobranchus kraussii</emphasis>
, Danger Point, Walker Bay
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5443FFD04D9B66DAFAEF5AA8" box="[1175,1323,474,500]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="179250495443FFD04C3566DBFA5C5AA9" box="[1337,1432,475,501]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" precision="925" value="-34.483334">34°29’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="179250495443FFD0499B66FEFF335944" box="[151,247,510,536]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" precision="925" value="19.35">19°21’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="0618104E5443FFD0480F66FEFE565944" box="[259,402,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" value="2017-04-10">10 Apr 2017</date>
, ZUTC.6803, legit H. van Niekerk (
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD04A2466FDFCBC5945" box="[808,888,509,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic">5 spec.</specimenCount>
, one with opercular endplate dissected).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ABC65055443FFD149CB6521FB1E5BEF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="408" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="description">
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6521FBD1593C" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6521FE9D5960" bold="true" box="[199,345,545,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Description.</emphasis>
Measurements are shown in the format of “mean ± SD [range/
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5443FFD04D1F6521FBBE5960" box="[1043,1146,545,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
]” based on a
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5443FFD04C076522FAA95960" box="[1291,1389,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="64A0FD075443FFD0499B6546FEED593C" box="[151,297,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">20 paratypes</specimenCount>
. The terminology follows that of
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5443FFD04BAC6546FBD4593C" author="Kupriyanova, E. K. &amp; ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Sket, B. &amp; Zaksek, V. &amp; Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W." box="[672,1040,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="389 - 401" refId="ref18571" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., ten Hove, H. A., Sket, B., Zaksek, V., Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2009) Evolution of the unique freshwater cave-dwelling tube worm Marifugia cavatica (Annelida: Serpulidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 7 (4), 389 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990168" type="journal article" year="2009">ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6569FD51584E" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6569FF3959DF" box="[199,253,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Tube</emphasis>
trapezoidal or sub-triangular in cross section, 3.6 ±
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04A46656AFC6459D8" box="[842,928,618,644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
[2.1–4.9/4.8] wide with a lumen of 1.8 ± 0.5 [0.9–3.0/2.5] mm in diameter and a projection from two longitudinal ridges expanding anteriorly making a flap over tube mouth (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD0482965B1FE5B5997" box="[293,415,689,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with S. sinuspersicus aggregations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). In adults, flap expanded more laterally and anteriorly. However, juvenile tubes sometimes with a prominent wavy keel (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD048EC65D5FDE659B3" box="[480,546,725,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with S. sinuspersicus aggregations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B). Outer surface of tube white, pale blue or violet (sometimes pink in small juveniles), inner surface white, blue or violet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB641CFBC95899" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB641CFEBC586A" box="[199,376,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Radiolar crown</emphasis>
composed of two radiolar lobes, each lobe with a mean of 16.6 ± 3.4 [12–20/20] radioles ar- ranged in a semicircle. Inter-radiolar membrane extending up to 48% ± 13% [30–66/59%] of radiolar length, usu- ally white, making a whitish band between the basal half of crown and free end of radioles. Prostomial eyes absent. Radiolar eyes in three to six pairs per radiole (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04B936487FD3E58FD" box="[671,762,903,929]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Stylodes absent. Radiolar crown violet, greenish blue, red, pink, yellow, and white (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD048A064ABFE295899" box="[428,493,939,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–D). Juveniles sometimes with lighter colours.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB64CFFB725FC7" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB64CFFEEB58B5" box="[199,303,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Peduncle</emphasis>
triangular in cross-section, inserted near medial line between radiolar lobes (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04DBA64CFFAD558B5" box="[1206,1297,975,1001]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), distal part dorso-ventrally flattened; usually pigmented with dark and light bands, a total length of 1.9 ±
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04DBB64F2FAC95F51" box="[1207,1293,1010,1037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
(1.1–2.6/
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04C7664F2FF035F6D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
). A transverse line making a two-segmented appearance of peduncle, 44.8 ± 6.2% (35–54/47%,
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04C106316FAA45F6C" box="[1308,1376,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–C) from the proximal part of the peduncle. Peduncular wings with a smooth edge and a tapering tip (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04DE6633AFAE95F08" box="[1258,1325,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–C), but rarely fringed with 2–5 finger-like processes (seven specimens) from Dayyer (ZUTC.6815), Ramin (ZUTC.6814), and
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5443FFD049CB6382FEE75FC0" box="[199,291,1154,1180]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Hormuz</collectingCountry>
(ZUTC.6816,
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD048C56381FDE75FC0" box="[457,547,1153,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Unpaired proximal wing absent. Pseudoperculum absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB63A5FB7F5E12" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB63A5FE805FE3" box="[199,324,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Operculum</emphasis>
made of massive flattened ampulla covered with a white calcareous circular endplate (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04C1F63A5FA915FE3" box="[1299,1365,1189,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–D), 1.6 ±
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD049D463C9FEEB5FBF" box="[216,303,1225,1251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
(1.0–2.3/
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD0489063C9FE365FBF" box="[412,498,1225,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
) in diameter, somewhat concave with a non-transparent rim, without any processes distally (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD049F563EDFE845E5B" box="[249,320,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Figs 4</figureCitation>
C–D, 5A). Talon proximally inserted into tissue of opercular ampulla, thus usually not visible without dissection or clearing up tissues; talon consisting of two symmetrical dorsal or three arranged in a triangle dorsoventral protuberances, with a depression in between, where endplate meets tissue (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04D3F6234FBB05E12" box="[1075,1140,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of opercular plates of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (A-D) and S. kraussii (E, F). A—Upper (distal) surface of endplate (ZUTC.6818); B—Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6817); C, D—Lower (proximal) surface of endplate (normally embedded into opercular ampulla) showing the shape of talon (ZUTC.6817); E—Lower surface of endplate with talon; F— Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700985/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6258FC055E81" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6258FDF85E2E" box="[199,572,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Collar and thoracic membranes.</emphasis>
Collar well-developed, sometimes as long as operculum (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04DDA6258FA975E2E" box="[1238,1363,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
), with entire edge; trilobed, ventral lobe broader than dorso-lateral ones. Dorso-lateral lobes continuing in thoracic membranes forming an apron over first or second abdominal chaetigers. A pair of triangular tonguelets between lateral and ventral lobes present (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD048B262C3FDD15E81" box="[446,533,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Collar creamy to dark blue or violet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB62E7FDB45D30" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB62E7FEDC5D5D" box="[199,280,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Thorax</emphasis>
with six thoracic uncinigerous segments; collar chaetae absent in adults, but present in juveniles (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04C6362E7FF7D5D79" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Thoracic chaetae limbate of two sizes (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04B8E610AFD1F5D79" box="[642,731,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Uncini saw-shaped with 7–10 teeth and flat gouged peg (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04C63610AFF795D15" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Thoracic tori similar in size along thorax, widely separated anteriorly, and gradually approaching posteriorly, forming a ventral depression (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD048E46152FDED5D30" box="[488,553,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6176FAC95C43" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6176FEFD5DCC" box="[199,313,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Abdomen.</emphasis>
One or two achaetous segments anteriorly, number of chaetigers 41 ± 6 [31–50/38]. Abdominal chae- tae with long shaft present throughout abdomen (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04BB66199FCD55DE8" box="[698,785,1689,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
); distal end true trumpet-shaped, one side drawn out into a tapering process (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD0485261BDFE775D84" box="[350,435,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). Uncini saw-shaped, similar to thoracic ones, with 8–12 teeth (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04D7361BDFB3C5D84" box="[1151,1272,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
) from anterior to posterior abdomen. Chaetae becoming increasingly longer posteriorly, but capillary chaeta absent in posterior chaetigers. Adults body proper brownish, yellow, red, green, but predominantly blue to violet (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD04DB76005FB3B5C43" box="[1211,1279,1797,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6029FCE75C3A" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6029FF385C1F" box="[199,252,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Size.</emphasis>
Total length 8.6 ±
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD048D96028FDE85C1F" box="[469,556,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
[4.8–15.4/
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04BAB6028FCC75C1F" box="[679,771,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
]; width of thorax 1.8 ±
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04D1C6028FBA35C1F" box="[1040,1127,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
[1.0–3.3/
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5443FFD04DD86028FAF45C1F" box="[1236,1328,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
]; radioles accounting for 22.0 ± 5.1% [11.9–29.4%] of entire length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5443FFD049CB6070FE425CA9" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD049CB6070FEE05CD6" box="[199,292,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Habitat.</emphasis>
Animals build large dense tube aggregations of 600,000 ± 15,000 specimens/m
<superScript id="85D39BC65443FFD04DB3606FFB035C21" attach="left" box="[1215,1223,1903,1917]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">2</superScript>
, with a maximum density occurring in summer (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5443FFD048E96093FD715CF2" author="Safari, N. &amp; Amrollahi, N. &amp; Kamrani, E. &amp; Shahdadi, A. &amp; Razaghi, M." box="[485,693,1939,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20460" refString="Safari, N., Amrollahi, N., Kamrani, E., Shahdadi, A. &amp; Razaghi, M. (2014 b) A survey on eco-biological traits of Pomatoleios kraussii of Bandar Abbas, Shilat Bay. First regional conference on the sea, the development and water resources of coastal areas of Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbass, Hormuzgan, No. 34, 1 - 10. [in Persian] [https: // www. civilica. com / Paper-WATER- JDH 01 - WATERJDH 01 _ 037. html]" type="proceedings paper" year="2014">
Safari
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5443FFD04B3C6094FDA45CF2" box="[560,608,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
) in the upper intertidal zone, attached to the upper surface of rocks (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B5443FFD049AC60B7FF275C8D" box="[160,227,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with S. sinuspersicus aggregations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="407">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F–G) or any hard substrates, including man-made structures, such as breakwater walls, concrete piers and rock jetties (
<tableCitation id="3F2403355443FFD0482D60DBFEBD5CA9" box="[289,377,2011,2037]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[151,239,465,491]" captionTargetBox="[165,1980,614,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of species names, collection locations, and GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used in this study. VR—Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv, Israel; AM—Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia; SAM—South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia; RMNH—Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leyden, the Neth- erlands; ZMA—formerly Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, now incorporated in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leyden, the Netherlands; ZUTC—Zoological Museum of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26D966065456FFC5499B66D1FD77590B" pageId="6" pageNumber="407" tableUuid="26D966065456FFC5499B66D1FD77590B">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E5442FFD149CB679AFB1E5BEF" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,252]" box="[199,1242,152,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD149CB679AFE935BEF" box="[199,343,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5442FFD149CB679AFF3F5BEF" box="[199,251,154,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. Dayyer,
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5442FFD148C86799FD4A5BEF" box="[452,654,153,179]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bushehr Province</collectingRegion>
, Persian Gulf,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD14A386799FCA05BEF" box="[820,868,153,179]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="179250495442FFD14A636798FBDA5BEF" box="[879,1054,152,179]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="1" seconds="4.688" value="27.834637">27°50’4.688”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="179250495442FFD14D266798FB125BEF" box="[1066,1238,152,179]" degrees="51" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="1" seconds="0.143" value="51.95004">51°57’0.143”E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ABC65055442FFD149CB67BDFDE35BA7" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7219368E5442FFD149CB67BDFDE35BA7" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD149CB67BDFE1D5B8B" box="[199,473,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
. Persian Gulf: coasts of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD14BF967BDFCE15B8B" box="[757,805,189,215]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD14A3E67BDFC435B8B" box="[818,903,189,215]" name="Kuwait" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD14A9867BDFBEE5B8B" box="[916,1066,189,215]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD14D6E67BDFA9E5B8B" box="[1122,1370,189,215]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5442FFD14C6667BDFF1A5BA7" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C5442FFD149E667E1FEF75BA0" box="[234,307,225,252]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Dubayy" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Dubai</collectingRegion>
); Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD1489367E1FE2C5BA7" box="[415,488,225,251]" name="Oman" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E5442FFD148FE67E1FDE75BA7" box="[498,547,225,251]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="26D966065442FFD1499B600AFD455CD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" startId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="7219368E5442FFD1499B600AFD455CD3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1802,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD1499B600AFED25C7F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1802,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photographs of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5442FFD148C9600BFD2F5C7F" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[453,747,1803,1827]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD148C9600BFD2F5C7F" box="[453,747,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD14BF8600BFC835C7F" bold="true" box="[756,839,1803,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75442FFD14BF8600BFC835C7F" box="[756,839,1803,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5442FFD1485C6078FE375CD3" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[336,499,1912,1935]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5442FFD1485C6078FE375CD3" box="[336,499,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aggregations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26D96606544DFFDE499B6040FCF95CB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" startId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" targetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="7219368E544DFFDE499B6040FCF95CB5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1856,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE499B6040FED05C05" bold="true" box="[151,276,1856,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Photographs and line drawings of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE4B766041FC5A5C04" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[634,926,1857,1881]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4B766041FC5A5C04" box="[634,926,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4AA96041FC325C05" bold="true" box="[933,1014,1857,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544DFFDE4AA96041FC325C05" box="[933,1014,1857,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE4D256041FB575C05" box="[1065,1171,1857,1881]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4D256041FB575C05" box="[1065,1171,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE48E06065FD555C20" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[492,657,1893,1916]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE48E06065FD555C20" box="[492,657,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4B956065FD285C21" bold="true" box="[665,748,1893,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544DFFDE4B956065FD285C21" box="[665,748,1893,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE4BB96089FC9E5CFC" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[693,858,1929,1952]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4BB96089FC9E5CFC" box="[693,858,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4A6F6089FC735CFD" bold="true" box="[867,951,1929,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544DFFDE4A6F6089FC735CFD" box="[867,951,1929,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(smaller, ZUTC.6783) and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE4DD26089FA8E5CFD" box="[1246,1354,1929,1953]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4DD26089FA8E5CFD" box="[1246,1354,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE48EA60ADFD8A5C99" box="[486,590,1965,1989]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE48EA60ADFD8A5C99" box="[486,590,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE4DAF60ADFACF5C99" box="[1187,1291,1965,1989]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE4DAF60ADFACF5C99" box="[1187,1291,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZUTC.6803) on the left and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544DFFDE482360D1FE155CB4" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[303,465,2001,2024]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE482360D1FE155CB4" box="[303,465,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544DFFDE48DB60D1FDEC5CB5" bold="true" box="[471,552,2001,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544DFFDE48DB60D1FDEC5CB5" box="[471,552,2001,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(ZUTC.6783) on the right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26D96606544CFFDF499B619FFCEF5C14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" startId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="7219368E544CFFDF499B619FFCEF5C14" blockId="9.[151,1437,1695,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF499B619FFED75DE4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1695,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Photographs of preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544CFFDF4BBD61A0FC115DE4" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[689,981,1696,1720]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF4BBD61A0FC115DE4" box="[689,981,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF4AD061A0FBE95DE4" bold="true" box="[988,1069,1696,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544CFFDF4AD061A0FBE95DE4" box="[988,1069,1696,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3ABC6505544CFFDB49CB6076FB8F5B8B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7219368E544CFFDC49CB6076FC905BA7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1910,2045]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF49CB6076FDED5CCC" box="[199,553,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Reproduction and development.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544CFFDF4BC86076FC975CCD" author="Crisp, M." box="[708,851,1910,1937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref16905" refString="Crisp, M. (1977) The development of the serpulid Pomatoleios kraussii (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Zoology, 183 (2), 147 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1977. tb 04178. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Crisp (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, egg size in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544CFFDF4AD46076FADC5CCC" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[984,1304,1910,1936]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF4AD46076FADC5CCC" box="[984,1304,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF4C126077FAB25CCD" bold="true" box="[1310,1398,1911,1937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544CFFDF4C126077FAB25CCD" box="[1310,1398,1911,1937]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(as
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544CFFDF499B609AFE465CE8" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,386,1946,1972]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF499B609AFE465CE8" box="[151,386,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pomatoleios kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is
<quantity id="B55E9B6B544CFFDF48A5609AFDDF5CE9" box="[425,539,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="60.0">60–65 µm</quantity>
and larvae show planktotrophic development typical for the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544CFFDF4C04609AFED15C85" author="Kupriyanova, E. K. &amp; Nishi, E. &amp; Hove, H. A. ten &amp; Rzhavsky, A. V." pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref18513" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., Nishi, E., Hove, H. A. ten &amp; Rzhavsky, A. V. (2001) A review of life-history patterns in serpulimorph polychaetes: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 39, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="2001">
Kupriyanova
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF499B60BFFF0E5C84" box="[151,202,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae complete their development to metamorphosis in 1–3 weeks at 25–27°C being fed by micro- flagellate
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544CFFDF480560E2FDED5CA0" authority="Parke" authorityName="Parke" authorityYear="1949" box="[265,553,2018,2044]" class="Prymnesiophyceae" family="Isochrysidaceae" genus="Isochrysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Isochrysidales" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="galbana">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF480560E2FE245CA0" box="[265,480,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Isochrysis galbana</emphasis>
Parke
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544CFFDF4B5F60E2FC2B5CA0" authority="(Kylin) Butcher" authorityName="Butcher" baseAuthorityName="Kylin" box="[595,1007,2018,2045]" class="Chlorodendrophyceae" family="Chlorodendraceae" genus="Tetraselmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chlorodendrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="suecica">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544CFFDF4B5F60E2FCF55CA0" box="[595,817,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Tetraselmis suecica</emphasis>
(Kylin) Butcher
</taxonomicName>
cultures under laboratory conditions. Competent larvae settle and metamorphose preferentially on the tubes of adults, especially on newly-settled ones (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC499367BDFEE45B8B" author="Crisp, M." box="[159,288,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref16905" refString="Crisp, M. (1977) The development of the serpulid Pomatoleios kraussii (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Zoology, 183 (2), 147 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1977. tb 04178. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Crisp 1977</bibRefCitation>
). In the field, larval settlement takes place from March to December with a maximum in August, which corresponds to water temperature of 30°C (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4B7767E1FC835BA7" author="Mohammad, M. B." box="[635,839,224,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref19248" refString="Mohammad, M. B. (1975) Competitive relationship between Balanus amphitrite amphitrite and Pomatoleios kraussii with special reference to their larval settlement. Hydrobiologia, 46 (1), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00038722" type="journal article" year="1975">Mohammad 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB6604FB5C5AD7" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC49CB6604FE785A43" bold="true" box="[199,444,260,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4B526605FC5A5A43" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[606,926,261,287]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B526605FC5A5A43" box="[606,926,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4AA86605FC385A43" bold="true" box="[932,1020,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4AA86605FC385A43" box="[932,1020,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described herein and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4DE16605FAA45A43" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1261,1376,261,287]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DE16605FAA45A43" box="[1261,1376,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C544FFFDC49CC6629FF345A1F" box="[192,240,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E544FFFDC48626629FE385A1F" box="[366,508,297,323]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">South Africa</collectingCountry>
are superficially similar in most of their morphological characters, such as the lack of collar chaetae in adults, shape of the tube and unadorned opercular endplate, as well in being gregarious and living in intertidal habitats. Nevertheless, these two species are morphologically recognizable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB6695FE7559F7" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
The largest specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC48EA6695FCEC5AF3" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[486,808,405,431]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48EA6695FCEC5AF3" box="[486,808,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A236695FC4D5AF3" bold="true" box="[815,905,405,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4A236695FC4D5AF3" box="[815,905,405,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are noticeably smaller than those of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4C2B6695FA595AF3" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1319,1437,405,431]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C2B6695FA595AF3" box="[1319,1437,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
15 vs.
<quantity id="B55E9B6B544FFFDC49E866B9FEF25A8F" box="[228,310,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
, respectively (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC48D666B9FDF75A8F" box="[474,563,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Differences in size are evident even in juvenile specimens (
<quantity id="B55E9B6B544FFFDC4DE766B8FAB15A8F" box="[1259,1397,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="B55E9B6B544FFFDC499B66DDFEEB5AAB" box="[151,303,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="0.96" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="mm" value="10.649999999999999" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="9.6">9.6–11.7 mm</quantity>
, respectively). Abdominal chaetigers are more numerous in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4AE866DDFB9F5AAB" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[996,1115,477,503]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4AE866DDFB9F5AAB" box="[996,1115,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4DB066DDFAB65AAB" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[1212,1394,477,503]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DB066DDFAB65AAB" box="[1212,1394,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C7766DDFF0C5947" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4C7766DDFF0C5947" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(70 ± 10 and 41 ± 6 segments, respectively).
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4BC76501FC9E5947" author="Pillai, T." box="[715,858,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="93 - 199" refId="ref19816" refString="Pillai, T. (2009) Descriptions of new serpulid polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific species of Spirobranchus and superficially similar taxa. Records of the Australian Museum, 61 (2), 93 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1489" type="journal article" year="2009">Pillai (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, who had studied specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4DCC6501FAB05947" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[1216,1396,513,539]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DCC6501FAB05947" box="[1216,1396,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C776501FF0C5963" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4C776501FF0C5963" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(identified as
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC48696525FD945963" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[357,592,549,575]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48696525FD945963" box="[357,592,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Pomatoleios kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C544FFFDC4B956525FCD25963" box="[665,790,549,575]" country="United Arab Emirates" name="Abu Zaby" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Abu Dhabi</collectingRegion>
, has reported the length of adult specimens to be 23.0 mm. However, among hundreds of specimens collected in the present study, none was even close to that size. Although
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC499B656DFEE759DB" author="Pillai, T." box="[151,291,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="93 - 199" refId="ref19816" refString="Pillai, T. (2009) Descriptions of new serpulid polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific species of Spirobranchus and superficially similar taxa. Records of the Australian Museum, 61 (2), 93 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1489" type="journal article" year="2009">Pillai (2009)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the number of abdominal segments, based on his figure (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4D40656DFB0D59DB" author="Pillai, T." box="[1100,1225,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="93 - 199" refId="ref19816" refString="Pillai, T. (2009) Descriptions of new serpulid polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific species of Spirobranchus and superficially similar taxa. Records of the Australian Museum, 61 (2), 93 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1489" type="journal article" year="2009">Pillai 2009</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 49E, F), there are around 30 chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB65B5FF2F58DF" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
Probably the most important morphological difference between
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4AA865B5FB2C5993" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[932,1256,693,719]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4AA865B5FB2C5993" box="[932,1256,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DFD65B5FA885993" bold="true" box="[1265,1356,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4DFD65B5FA885993" box="[1265,1356,693,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4C8B65B5FF3459AF" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C8B65B5FF3459AF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the shape of the talon; a bulge made of two or three protuberances and a concavity between them in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4C8B65D9FEEA584B" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C8B65D9FEEA584B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC483865FDFE48584B" bold="true" box="[308,396,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC483865FDFE48584B" box="[308,396,765,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC489665FDFE1E584B" box="[410,474,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of opercular plates of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (A-D) and S. kraussii (E, F). A—Upper (distal) surface of endplate (ZUTC.6818); B—Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6817); C, D—Lower (proximal) surface of endplate (normally embedded into opercular ampulla) showing the shape of talon (ZUTC.6817); E—Lower surface of endplate with talon; F— Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–D) and as an extension made of about 10 protrusions in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4D6F65FDFB13584B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1123,1239,765,791]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D6F65FDFB13584B" box="[1123,1239,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4DE965FDFAE1584B" box="[1253,1317,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,309,1833]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of opercular plates of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (A-D) and S. kraussii (E, F). A—Upper (distal) surface of endplate (ZUTC.6818); B—Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6817); C, D—Lower (proximal) surface of endplate (normally embedded into opercular ampulla) showing the shape of talon (ZUTC.6817); E—Lower surface of endplate with talon; F— Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E–F). This feature has been mentioned in specimens from Abu Dhabi (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4A336421FC055867" author="Pillai, T." box="[831,961,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="93 - 199" refId="ref19816" refString="Pillai, T. (2009) Descriptions of new serpulid polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific species of Spirobranchus and superficially similar taxa. Records of the Australian Museum, 61 (2), 93 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1489" type="journal article" year="2009">Pillai 2009</bibRefCitation>
), but reported for 16 out of
<specimenCount id="64A0FD07544FFFDC4C0F6421FA595867" box="[1283,1437,801,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="0AB1761E544FFFDC49DA6445FEEC5803" box="[214,296,837,863]" name="Kuwait" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
by ten Hove (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC48C16445FD645803" author="Simon, C. A. &amp; van Niekerk, H. H. &amp; Burghardt, I. &amp; ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E." box="[461,672,837,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="221 - 249" refId="ref20915" refString="Simon, C. A., van Niekerk, H. H., Burghardt, I., ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. (2019) Not out of Africa: Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865) is not a global fouling and invasive serpulid of Indo-Pacific origin. Aquatic Invasions, 14 (2), 221 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.2.05" type="journal article" year="2019">
Simon
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B2C6446FD9E5803" box="[544,602,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The major problem with this character is that its variability is not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB648DFC065F23" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC49CB648DFDCD58FB" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,521,909,935]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC49CB648DFDCD58FB" box="[199,521,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B1C648DFDAE58FB" bold="true" box="[528,618,909,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4B1C648DFDAE58FB" box="[528,618,909,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4A3F648DFC6C58FB" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[819,936,909,935]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A3F648DFC6C58FB" box="[819,936,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by some more subtle characters. In
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4C31648DFF305897" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C31648DFF305897" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC49F664B1FE965897" bold="true" box="[250,338,945,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC49F664B1FE965897" box="[250,338,945,971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
peduncular wings originate from the base of the peduncle resulting in a “V” shape appearance (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4C6364B1FF6158B3" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–C), while in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC485F64D5FE0C58B3" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[339,456,981,1007]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC485F64D5FE0C58B3" box="[339,456,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the wings originate from the mid-peduncle, resulting in a “Y” shaped appearance (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4C6364D5FF795F4F" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, the opercular peduncle is located centrally between the radiolar lobes in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4D8764F9FAF95F4F" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[1163,1341,1017,1043]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D8764F9FAF95F4F" box="[1163,1341,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C4864F9FA585F4F" bold="true" box="[1348,1436,1017,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4C4864F9FA585F4F" box="[1348,1436,1017,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC49AC631DFF275F6B" box="[160,227,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1695,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1670]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of preserved specimens of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A—Lateral view of the entire holotype (ZUTC.6780); B—Detail of the operculum and peduncle of the holotype, arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; C— Dorsal view of operculum and peduncle (ZUTC.6783), arrow shows transverse line on peduncle; D—Specimen with fringed peduncular wings, arrow shows a radiolar eye spot (ZUTC.6818); E—Tonguelet shown by arrow (ZUTC.6790); F—Collar chaetae in a juvenile specimen indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6801)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–C), but it is inserted below left radiolar lobe in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4A2F631DFC5D5F6B" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[803,921,1053,1079]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A2F631DFC5D5F6B" box="[803,921,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4AA6631DFBC45F6B" box="[938,1024,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1881]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1373,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs and line drawings of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and S. kraussii specimens removed from tubes. A, B—Live specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. from Hormuz Island; C—Bandar Abbas (ZUTC.6796); D—Djod; E— Comparative photo of preserved specimens of S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (smaller, ZUTC.6783) and S. kraussii (larger, ZUTC.6803); F—Dorsal view of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6783) operculum; G—Dorsal view of peduncles of S. kraussii (ZUTC.6803) on the left and S. sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6783) on the right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4D02631DFB1A5F6B" author="Simon, C. A. &amp; van Niekerk, H. H. &amp; Burghardt, I. &amp; ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E." box="[1038,1246,1053,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="221 - 249" refId="ref20915" refString="Simon, C. A., van Niekerk, H. H., Burghardt, I., ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. (2019) Not out of Africa: Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865) is not a global fouling and invasive serpulid of Indo-Pacific origin. Aquatic Invasions, 14 (2), 221 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.2.05" type="journal article" year="2019">
Simon
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D53631EFB565F6B" box="[1119,1170,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The abdominal chaetae in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC481E6341FE035F07" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[274,455,1089,1115]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC481E6341FE035F07" box="[274,455,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48C36341FDEE5F07" bold="true" box="[463,554,1089,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC48C36341FDEE5F07" box="[463,554,1089,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are present from second or third abdominal segments, while they are present only in about 10 posterior abdominal segments of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4BC66365FCFB5F23" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[714,831,1125,1151]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4BC66365FCFB5F23" box="[714,831,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB6389FEC05E27" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
The presence of fringed peduncular wings described herein have not been reported either for
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4DF46389FF345F9B" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DF46389FF345F9B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or other for any species of the
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4B5B63ADFD095F9B" box="[599,717,1197,1223]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B5B63ADFD095F9B" box="[599,717,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex, but such occasional presence might easily have been overlooked. Fringed wings are common for
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4B8C63D1FCE05FB7" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1818" box="[640,804,1233,1259]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B8C63D1FCE05FB7" box="[640,804,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species such as
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4AD463D1FB425FB7" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[984,1158,1233,1259]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetraceros">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4AD463D1FC295FB7" box="[984,1005,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D1A63D2FB425FB7" box="[1046,1158,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">tetraceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4D9863D1FF3A5E53" author="Ben-Eliahu, M. N. &amp; Hove, H. A. ten" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref16301" refString="Ben-Eliahu, M. N. &amp; Hove, H. A. ten (2011) Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal-from a Lessepsian migration perspective (a monograph). Zootaxa, 2848, 1 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2848.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Ben-Eliahu &amp; ten Hove 2011: 88</bibRefCitation>
, 93, Table 5) and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC48DF63F5FC8A5E53" authority="(Phillippi, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Phillippi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[467,846,1269,1295]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polytrema">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48DF63F5FE2C5E53" box="[467,488,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B1463F5FD4D5E53" box="[536,649,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">polytrema</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4B9663F5FC825E53" author="Phillippi, A." box="[666,838,1269,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="186 - 198" refId="ref19877" refString="Phillippi, A. (1844) Einige Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Serpula, nebst Aufzahlung der von mir im Mittelmeer mit dem Their beobachteten Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 10 (1), 186 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29558" type="journal article" year="1844">Phillippi, 1844</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and populations of these taxa also have specimens with simple unfringed distal wings (ten Hove, pers. comm.). However, in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4AD26219FB575E6F" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[990,1171,1305,1331]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4AD26219FB575E6F" box="[990,1171,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D976219FB315E6F" bold="true" box="[1179,1269,1305,1331]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4D976219FB315E6F" box="[1179,1269,1305,1331]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, the wings are normally smooth, rarely fringed. Variability of this character, however, has been documented insufficiently in the literature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDC49CB6285FAD95D24" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
Our morphological study also revealed the presence of occasional saw to rasp-shaped uncini in the new species. Some thoracic and abdominal uncini may have 2 or 3 teeth in one or two row(s) above peg in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4DF462A9FEEA5EBB" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4DF462A9FEEA5EBB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC483A62CDFE545EBB" bold="true" box="[310,400,1485,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC483A62CDFE545EBB" box="[310,400,1485,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC48AC62CDFE3D5EB4" box="[416,505,1485,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), which was also seen in
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4A1662CDFC4B5EBB" box="[794,911,1485,1511]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A1662CDFC4B5EBB" box="[794,911,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished SEM images by C. Simon, pers. comm.). Such uncini are also found in other species of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4A0762F1FA935D50" authority="(ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 96)" baseAuthorityName="ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova" baseAuthorityPageNumber="96" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[779,1367,1521,1548]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A0762F1FC6B5D57" box="[779,943,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4AB262F1FA8A5D50" author="Kupriyanova, E. K. &amp; ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Sket, B. &amp; Zaksek, V. &amp; Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W." box="[958,1358,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="389 - 401" refId="ref18571" refString="Kupriyanova, E. K., ten Hove, H. A., Sket, B., Zaksek, V., Trontelj, P. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2009) Evolution of the unique freshwater cave-dwelling tube worm Marifugia cavatica (Annelida: Serpulidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 7 (4), 389 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990168" type="journal article" year="2009">ten Hove &amp; Kupriyanova 2009: 96</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Presence of occasional two teeth in the middle of a typical saw-shaped uncini (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4D0C6115FB9E5D6C" box="[1024,1114,1557,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
) is an unusual feature of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4C8B6115FEEA5D0F" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4C8B6115FEEA5D0F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48396139FE4A5D0F" bold="true" box="[309,398,1593,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC48396139FE4A5D0F" box="[309,398,1593,1619]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Additionally, the basal part of the posteriormost tooth of both thoracic and abdominal uncini maybe split in both
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC487A615DFDED5D2B" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[374,553,1629,1655]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC487A615DFDED5D2B" box="[374,553,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4B3C615DFD4D5D2B" bold="true" box="[560,649,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4B3C615DFD4D5D2B" box="[560,649,1629,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4BB3615DFCF05D2B" box="[703,820,1629,1655]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4BB3615DFCF05D2B" box="[703,820,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4A4F615DFC5D5D2B" box="[835,921,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1420,181,1619]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. (ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
and Simon’s unpublished photos).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7219368E544FFFDD49CB6180FCFB5A43" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,153,288]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC49CB6180FE2C5DC7" bold="true" box="[199,488,1664,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Ecological observations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC48FC6181FD305DC7" box="[496,756,1665,1691]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48FC6181FD305DC7" box="[496,756,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Spirobranchus kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the high to low intertidal zone, depending on wave exposure rate (
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC483161A5FDC85DE3" author="Simon, C. A. &amp; van Niekerk, H. H. &amp; Burghardt, I. &amp; ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E." box="[317,524,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="221 - 249" refId="ref20915" refString="Simon, C. A., van Niekerk, H. H., Burghardt, I., ten Hove, H. A. &amp; Kupriyanova, E. (2019) Not out of Africa: Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865) is not a global fouling and invasive serpulid of Indo-Pacific origin. Aquatic Invasions, 14 (2), 221 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.2.05" type="journal article" year="2019">
Simon
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC488361A6FE0C5DE3" box="[399,456,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Aggregations of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4BD661A5FC4A5DE3" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[730,910,1701,1727]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4BD661A5FC4A5DE3" box="[730,910,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4A9961A5FC2B5DE3" bold="true" box="[917,1007,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC4A9961A5FC2B5DE3" box="[917,1007,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were most abundant in high intertidal zones of sheltered to moderately exposed cliffs, on pebbles and rocks. They were hardly ever found in sub-tidal habitats, and if so, never in aggregations. Our observations are consistent with those of
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4D7D61EDFAC45C5B" author="Crisp, M." box="[1137,1280,1773,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref16905" refString="Crisp, M. (1977) The development of the serpulid Pomatoleios kraussii (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Zoology, 183 (2), 147 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1977. tb 04178. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Crisp (1977)</bibRefCitation>
who reported preference of this species to settle on natural rather than artificial substrates. However,
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4D6C6011FAFC5C77" author="Mohammad, M. B." box="[1120,1336,1808,1835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref19248" refString="Mohammad, M. B. (1975) Competitive relationship between Balanus amphitrite amphitrite and Pomatoleios kraussii with special reference to their larval settlement. Hydrobiologia, 46 (1), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00038722" type="journal article" year="1975">Mohammad (1975)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC499B6035FE895C13" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,333,1845,1871]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC499B6035FE895C13" box="[151,333,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC485B6035FE775C13" bold="true" box="[343,435,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544FFFDC485B6035FE775C13" box="[343,435,1845,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(as
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC48EB6035FD125C13" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[487,726,1845,1871]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC48EB6035FD125C13" box="[487,726,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Pomatoleios kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from experimental settlement plates made of teak wood and some specimens were recently observed on PVC panels suspended
<quantity id="B55E9B6B544FFFDC4A9D6059FC795C2F" box="[913,957,1881,1907]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
deep for 3, 6 and 9 months in five Iranian ports (
<tableCitation id="3F240335544FFFDC49D1607DFEF05CCB" box="[221,308,1917,1943]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[151,239,465,491]" captionTargetBox="[165,1980,614,1686]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of species names, collection locations, and GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used in this study. VR—Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv, Israel; AM—Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia; SAM—South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia; RMNH—Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leyden, the Neth- erlands; ZMA—formerly Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, now incorporated in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leyden, the Netherlands; ZUTC—Zoological Museum of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26D966065456FFC5499B66D1FD77590B" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" tableUuid="26D966065456FFC5499B66D1FD77590B">Table 2</tableCitation>
, St. 3, 8, 10, 11, 12, A. Nasrollahi, unpubl. data). Large aggregations were found on man-made structures, such as breakwater walls made of large stones (
<figureCitation id="EA9D2A0B544FFFDC4BE060A1FC805CE7" box="[748,836,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,273,1778]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. A, B—Juveniles in tubes (ZUTC.6812, ZUTC.6813); C, D—Anterior end of an adult tube and a flap over the entrance, indicated by arrow (ZUTC.6792); E—Two solitary specimens in tubes from Abd, Gulf of Oman; F—A tube aggregation from Abd, Gulf of Oman; G—Upper intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas Bay covered with S. sinuspersicus aggregations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700979/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) and on cement wharf pilings and rock jetties in ports of Dayyer,
<collectingRegion id="B062F86C544FFFDC481460C5FEB35C83" box="[280,375,1989,2015]" country="Iran" name="Bushehr" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Bushehr</collectingRegion>
, Kong, and Jask.
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F544FFFDC4B4F60C5FCF75C83" author="Shabani, F. &amp; Nasrolahi, A. &amp; Thiel, M." box="[579,819,1989,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="112979" refId="ref20800" refString="Shabani, F., Nasrolahi, A. &amp; Thiel, M. (2019) Assemblage of encrusting organisms on floating anthropogenic debris along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Pollution, 254, 112979. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. envpol. 2019.112979" type="journal article" year="2019">
Shabani
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4BAA60C6FD245C83" box="[678,736,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the species (as
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544FFFDC4D4360C5FB025C83" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1103,1222,1989,2015]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544FFFDC4D4360C5FB025C83" box="[1103,1222,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on anthropogenic marine debris (e.g., plastic bottles, glass jars and wood) stranded on the coasts of the PG, arguing that this species can attach to various floating items regardless of the material
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C544EFFDD4A5467BDFC4C5B8B" box="[856,904,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">type</typeStatus>
and surface texture. However, we did not find specimens of the new species either on floating substrates (such as buoys and ropes) or on hulls of small vessels such as ferries, fishing boats (open dories), and traditional dhows.
</paragraph>
<caption id="26D96606544EFFDD499B6042FC555C9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700985/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" startId="11.[151,250,1858,1883]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1833]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="7219368E544EFFDD499B6042FC555C9B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1858,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544EFFDD499B6042FED05C07" bold="true" box="[151,276,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Photographs of opercular plates of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544EFFDD4B8F6042FC635C06" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[643,935,1858,1882]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544EFFDD4B8F6042FC635C06" box="[643,935,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544EFFDD4AA26043FC3B5C07" bold="true" box="[942,1023,1859,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E7544EFFDD4AA26043FC3B5C07" box="[942,1023,1859,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A-D) and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D544EFFDD4D746043FB265C06" baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1144,1250,1858,1882]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Pomatoleios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussii">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C544EFFDD4D746043FB265C06" box="[1144,1250,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. kraussii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E, F). A—Upper (distal) surface of endplate (ZUTC.6818); B—Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6817); C, D—Lower (proximal) surface of endplate (normally embedded into opercular ampulla) showing the shape of talon (ZUTC.6817); E—Lower surface of endplate with talon; F— Lateral view of endplate with talon (ZUTC.6803).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26D966065449FFDA499B616DFC8D5DAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3700987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3700987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3700987/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" startId="12.[151,250,1645,1670]" targetBox="[168,1420,181,1619]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="7219368E5449FFDA499B616DFC8D5DAE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1645,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA499B616DFED75DDA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1645,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
SEM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA48FA616DFCDE5DD9" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[502,794,1645,1669]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA48FA616DFCDE5DD9" box="[502,794,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4A2C616DFCB55DD9" bold="true" box="[800,881,1645,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75449FFDA4A2C616DFCB55DD9" box="[800,881,1645,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(ZUTC.6804) chaetae. A—Third thoracic uncini; B— Mid-abdominal row of uncini, arrow shows a split posteriormost tooth of an uncinus; C—Close-up view of thoracic chaeta; D—Close-up view of an anterior abdominal uncinus with two teeth in a row (indicated by arrow); E—True trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae; F—Close-up view of tips of abdominal chaetae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7219368E5449FFDB49CB6020FB8F5B8B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1824,2031]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,153,287]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA49CB6020FDC85C66" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,524,1824,1850]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA49CB6020FDC85C66" box="[199,524,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4B196020FDB55C66" bold="true" box="[533,625,1824,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75449FFDA4B196020FDB55C66" box="[533,625,1824,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
co-occurs with intertidal barnacles
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA4D026020FF1D5C02" authority="(Darwin, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Darwin" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Amphibalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4D026020FAEB5C66" box="[1038,1327,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Amphibalanus amphitrite</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5449FFDA4C4C6020FF145C02" author="Darwin, C." pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refId="ref16957" refString="Darwin, C. (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia with Figures of All the Species. The Balanidae, (or Sessile Cirripedia); the Verricidae, etc., etc., etc. The Ray Society, London, viii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA48016044FCC65C02" authority="Achituv &amp; Safriel, 1980" authorityName="Achituv &amp; Safriel" authorityYear="1980" box="[269,770,1860,1886]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chthamalidae" genus="Chthamalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA48016044FE2B5C02" box="[269,495,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Chthamalus barnesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5449FFDA48FF6044FCC65C02" author="Achituv, Y. &amp; Safriel, U. N." box="[499,770,1860,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="99 - 109" refId="ref15749" refString="Achituv, Y. &amp; Safriel, U. N. (1980) A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from intertidal rocks of the Red Sea. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution, 29 (1 - 3), 99 - 109. http: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00212210.1980.10688487" type="journal article" year="1980">Achituv &amp; Safriel, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as rock oysters
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA4D076044FA5C5C02" authority="(Born, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Born" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1035,1432,1860,1886]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Saccostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cuccullata">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4D076044FAC45C02" box="[1035,1280,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Saccostrea cuccullata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5449FFDA4C016044FA545C02" author="Born, I. von" box="[1293,1424,1860,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refId="ref16669" refString="Born, I. von (1778) Index Rerum Naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis. Pars I. ma. Testacea. Verzeichniss der naturlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. Kraus, Vindobonae, XL + 458 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11581" type="book" year="1778">Born, 1778</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA499B6068FE1D5CDE" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,473,1896,1922]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA499B6068FE1D5CDE" box="[151,473,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Spirobranchus sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA48D36068FDFC5CDE" bold="true" box="[479,568,1896,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75449FFDA48D36068FDFC5CDE" box="[479,568,1896,1922]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA4B626068FD265CDE" authorityName="Achituv &amp; Safriel" authorityYear="1980" box="[622,738,1896,1922]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Chthamalidae" genus="Chthamalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4B626068FD265CDE" box="[622,738,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">C. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
make a distinct zone in the high intertidal, while
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA4C056068FA595CDE" baseAuthorityName="Darwin" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1289,1437,1896,1922]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" genus="Amphibalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4C056068FA595CDE" box="[1289,1437,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">A. amphitrite</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA49CB608CFE9D5CFA" baseAuthorityName="Born" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[199,345,1932,1958]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Saccostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cuccullata">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA49CB608CFE9D5CFA" box="[199,345,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">S. cuccullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dominate lower intertidal where wave action is considerably strong (R. Naderloo, pers. comm.). According to
<bibRefCitation id="16374B7F5449FFDA483D60B0FDC95C96" author="Mohammad, M. B." box="[305,525,1967,1994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref19248" refString="Mohammad, M. B. (1975) Competitive relationship between Balanus amphitrite amphitrite and Pomatoleios kraussii with special reference to their larval settlement. Hydrobiologia, 46 (1), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00038722" type="journal article" year="1975">Mohammad (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, the bathymetric distribution of the worm extended between 0.4 and
<quantity id="B55E9B6B5449FFDA4C1E60B0FA965C96" box="[1298,1362,1968,1994]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="1.9">1.9 m</quantity>
above datum (level below which the tide seldom falls) where specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5449FFDA4AAD60D4FB915CB2" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" box="[929,1109,2004,2030]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4AAD60D4FB915CB2" box="[929,1109,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5449FFDA4D5060D4FB735CB2" bold="true" box="[1116,1207,2004,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75449FFDA4D5060D4FB735CB2" box="[1116,1207,2004,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are limited by other encrusting species (e.g. ectoprocts, sponges and filamentous algae). In artificial bays, ports and on piers,
<taxonomicName id="B5A64D0D5448FFDB4C306799FF305B8B" authority="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova, 2020" authorityName="Pazoki &amp; Rahimian &amp; Struck &amp; Katouzian &amp; Kupriyanova" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinuspersicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5448FFDB4C306799FF305B8B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">S. sinuspersicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5448FFDB49F067BDFE915B8B" bold="true" box="[252,341,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BE157E75448FFDB49F067BDFE915B8B" box="[252,341,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was relatively more abundant than either of the other three species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3ABC65055448FFDB49CB67E1FE0C5A43" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7219368E5448FFDB49CB67E1FE0C5A43" blockId="13.[151,1436,153,287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="40D2EA9C5448FFDB49CB67E1FE8A5BA7" bold="true" box="[199,334,225,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the Persian Gulf (Sinus Persicus in Latin), the
<typeStatus id="AD1D882C5448FFDB4C6067E1FA585BA7" box="[1388,1436,225,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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