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<mods:title id="744325358D945A7B6736AA12857FB343">Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F209BB71A224F304FF08FEEBFAD06F20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6091375" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120620662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6091375" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F209BB71A224F304FF08FEEBFAD06F20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F209BB71A224F304FF08FEEBFAD06F20" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
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<paragraph id="7A1F0A67A224F304FF08FEEBFDBA6AA5" blockId="14.[151,540,359,419]" box="[151,540,359,386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<heading id="2157BD0BA224F304FF08FEEBFDBA6AA5" bold="true" box="[151,540,359,386]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FF08FEEBFDBA6AA5" ID-CoL="39FHB" authority="Murray, 1905" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,540,359,386]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Philodinidae" genus="Embata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bdelloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FF08FEEBFDBA6AA5" bold="true" box="[151,540,359,386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FF08FEEBFEF16AA6" bold="true" box="[151,343,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Embata laticeps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FEF9FEE4FDB26AA5" author="Murray" box="[358,532,360,386]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Murray, J. (1905) On a new family and twelve new species of Rotifera of the order Bdelloida, collected by the Lake Survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41, 367 - 386, pls. 1 - 7. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12522" type="journal article" year="1905">Murray, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A1F0A67A224F304FF08FE06FE806A84" blockId="14.[151,540,359,419]" box="[151,294,394,419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
(
<figureCitation id="E29B16E2A224F304FF00FE06FF536A84" box="[159,245,394,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[308,1277,1088,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[308,1278,1086,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Embata laticeps, habitus. A. lateral, corona retracted; B. extended corona, dorsal; C. foot with spurs; D. egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255028/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E29B16E2A224F304FE9EFE07FEBA6A84" box="[257,284,395,419]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,798,820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,776]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,777]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Embata laticeps, SEM photographs of trophi. A. frontal; B caudal. Scale bar: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255029/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A1F0A67A224F304FF08FE5FFC9C69C0" blockId="14.[151,1437,466,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
Among the rotifers occurring on
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FD93FE5FFC8A6ACC" box="[524,812,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FD93FE5FFDCD6ACC" box="[524,619,466,491]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">G. pulex</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FDE9FE5EFC8A6ACC" box="[630,812,466,491]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Philodinidae" genus="Embata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bdelloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="laticeps">Embata laticeps</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was the most abundant. Eggs, tapering to a small knob at one of the poles (
<figureCitation id="E29B16E2A224F304FEE7FE7AFE6D6928" box="[376,459,502,527]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[308,1277,1088,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[308,1278,1086,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Embata laticeps, habitus. A. lateral, corona retracted; B. extended corona, dorsal; C. foot with spurs; D. egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255028/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D), were numerous as well. The spurs were rather short and stumpy compared to freeliving specimens as noted by
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FE7FFD97FD2F6914" author="Donner" box="[480,649,538,563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1964) Die Rotatorien-Synusien submerser Makrophyten der Donau bei Wien und mehrerer Alpenbache. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 27 / 1, 227 - 324." type="journal article" year="1964">Donner (1964)</bibRefCitation>
. The trophi (
<figureCitation id="E29B16E2A224F304FC87FD96FCC16914" box="[792,871,538,563]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,798,820]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,776]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,777]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Embata laticeps, SEM photographs of trophi. A. frontal; B caudal. Scale bar: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255029/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) have two large plus one smaller major teeth (left/ right: 2+1/1+2, N=10), 1314 proximal minor teeth and 1920 distal minor teeth. At the transition of head and shaft, the major teeth show a pore and they are laterally accompanied by short vestigial teeth. The number of major teeth agrees with the data based on LM (
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FDC3FD0BFD5269B8" author="Murray" box="[604,756,646,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Murray, J. (1905) On a new family and twelve new species of Rotifera of the order Bdelloida, collected by the Lake Survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41, 367 - 386, pls. 1 - 7. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12522" type="journal article" year="1905">Murray 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC9FFD0BFC3069B8" author="Donner" box="[768,918,646,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1964) Die Rotatorien-Synusien submerser Makrophyten der Donau bei Wien und mehrerer Alpenbache. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 27 / 1, 227 - 324." type="journal article" year="1964">Donner 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC3EFD0AFC7A69B8" author="Donner" box="[929,988,646,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1965) Ordnung Bdelloidea (Rotatoria, Radertiere). Bestimmungsbucher zur Bodenfauna Europas. Vol. 6. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1 - 297." type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC77FD0AFB3269B8" author="Kutikova" box="[1000,1172,646,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Kutikova, L. A. (2005) The bdelloid rotifers of the fauna of Russia. KMK Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow, 314 pp." type="book" year="2005">Kutikova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Studying the trophi of the species by SEM,
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FE14FD26FDDE69E4" box="[395,632,682,707]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Melone, G., Ricci, C. &amp; Segers, H. (1998) The trophi of Bdelloidea (Rotifera): a comparative study across the class. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 1755 - 1765. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 98 - 117" type="journal article">
Melone
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FE75FD20FD8269E4" box="[490,548,682,707]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
found a slightly different configuration with two large and one minor teeth, 1516 proximal minor teeth and 21 distal minor teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32BA59ECA224F304FF58FD7EFC336808" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="description">
<paragraph id="7A1F0A67A224F304FF58FD7EFC336808" blockId="14.[151,1437,466,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FF58FD7EFEDB682C" bold="true" box="[199,381,754,779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length, trochal disc retracted (N=5) 546643 µm, spur 1719 µm; trophi (N=5; l × w) 21.023.2 × 24.627.0 µm; egg (N=5; l × w) 150158 × 5670 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32BA59ECA224F304FF58FCB6FAD06F20" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7A1F0A67A224F304FF58FCB6FAD06F20" blockId="14.[151,1437,466,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FF58FCB6FE506874" bold="true" box="[199,502,826,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FE61FCB6FD106874" box="[510,694,826,851]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Philodinidae" genus="Embata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bdelloidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FE61FCB6FD106874" box="[510,694,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Embata laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from Europe,
<collectingCountry id="02B74AF7A224F304FC51FCB6FB886874" box="[974,1070,826,851]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">America</collectingCountry>
and the Oriental region (
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FACFFCB7FF756850" author="Segers" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Segers, H. (2007) Annotated checklist of the rotifers (Phylum Rotifera), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution. Zootaxa, 1564, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="2007">Segers 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FF41FCD2FE5C6850" author="Jersabek" box="[222,506,862,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Jersabek, C. D. &amp; Leitner, M. F. (2013) The Rotifer World Catalog. World Wide Web" type="book" year="2013">Jersabek &amp; Leitner 2013</bibRefCitation>
). It has been reported free-living among submerged vegetation (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FA9EFCD3FA316850" author="Murray" box="[1281,1431,862,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Murray, J. (1905) On a new family and twelve new species of Rotifera of the order Bdelloida, collected by the Lake Survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41, 367 - 386, pls. 1 - 7. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12522" type="journal article" year="1905">Murray 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FF08FC0FFE8868BC" author="Donner" box="[151,302,898,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1964) Die Rotatorien-Synusien submerser Makrophyten der Donau bei Wien und mehrerer Alpenbache. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 27 / 1, 227 - 324." type="journal article" year="1964">Donner 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FEA5FC0FFED368BC" author="Donner" box="[314,373,899,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1970) Die Radertierbestande submerser Moose der Salzach und anderer Wasser-Biotope des Flussgebietes. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 36 / 4, 109 - 254." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FE1DFC0FFDAE68BC" author="Koste" box="[386,520,898,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Koste, W. (1976) Uber die Radertierbestande (Rotatoria) der oberen und mittleren Hase in den Jahren 1966 - 1969. Osnabrucker natuwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 4, 191 - 263." type="journal article" year="1976">Koste 1976</bibRefCitation>
), bed sediments of mountain gravel stream (
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC60FC0EFB5268BC" author="Schmid-Araya" box="[1023,1268,898,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Schmid-Araya, J. M. (1993 a) Benthic rotifera inhabiting the bed sediments of a mountain gravel stream. Jahresberichte der Biologischen Station Lunz, 14, 75 - 101." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Schmid-Araya 1993a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FA9EFC0EFAB768BC" author="Schmid-Araya" box="[1281,1297,898,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Schmid-Araya, J. M. (1993 b) Spatial distribution and population dynamics of a benthic rotifer Embata laticeps (Murray) (Rotifera, Bdelloidea) in the bed sediments of a gravel brook. Freshwater Biology, 30, 395 - 408. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2427.1993. tb 00823. x" type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
), epizoic on insects, insect larvae and their casings (
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FDF7FC2BFCA26898" author="Murray" box="[616,772,934,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Murray, J. (1905) On a new family and twelve new species of Rotifera of the order Bdelloida, collected by the Lake Survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41, 367 - 386, pls. 1 - 7. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12522" type="journal article" year="1905">Murray 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC8BFC2BFC3A6898" author="Koste" box="[788,924,934,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Koste, W. (1976) Uber die Radertierbestande (Rotatoria) der oberen und mittleren Hase in den Jahren 1966 - 1969. Osnabrucker natuwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 4, 191 - 263." type="journal article" year="1976">Koste 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FC33FC2AFB046898" author="Schmid-Araya" box="[940,1186,934,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Schmid-Araya, J. M. (1993 a) Benthic rotifera inhabiting the bed sediments of a mountain gravel stream. Jahresberichte der Biologischen Station Lunz, 14, 75 - 101." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Schmid-Araya 1993a</bibRefCitation>
), and the crustaceans
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FF08FC46FDA268C4" authority="Bartos 1951" authorityName="Bartos" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,516,970,995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Asellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquaticus">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FF08FC46FEFB68C4" box="[151,349,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Asellus aquaticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FEF3FC47FE5C68C4" author="Bartos" box="[364,506,970,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Bartos, E. (1951) The Czechoslovak Rotatoria of the Order Bdelloidea. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Zoologicke Spolecnosti, 15, 241 - 500." type="journal article" year="1951">Bartoš 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FD8FFC47FDCF68C4" box="[528,617,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">G. p u l e x</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FDE3FC47FCB568C4" author="Donner" box="[636,787,970,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1964) Die Rotatorien-Synusien submerser Makrophyten der Donau bei Wien und mehrerer Alpenbache. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 27 / 1, 227 - 324." type="journal article" year="1964">Donner 1964</bibRefCitation>
) and
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FCCBFC46FBB468C4" box="[852,1042,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">
Cardina
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FC27FC47FBB468C4" authority="Fernandez-Leborans et al. 2007" authorityName="Fernandez-Leborans et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[952,1042,971,995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifera">ensifera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FBBDFC46FA3768C4" author="Fernandez-Leborans" box="[1058,1425,970,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Fernandez-Leborans, G. &amp; von Rintelen, K. (2007) Epibiontic communities on the freshwater shrimp Caridina ensifera (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae) from Lake Poso (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Journal of Natural History, 41, 2891 - 2917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701787871" type="journal article" year="2007">
Fernandez-Leborans
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FA8DFC40FAEA68C4" box="[1298,1356,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Free-living specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FE02FC63FD956F20" author="Donner" box="[413,563,1007,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1970) Die Radertierbestande submerser Moose der Salzach und anderer Wasser-Biotope des Flussgebietes. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 36 / 4, 109 - 254." type="journal article" year="1970">Donner 1970</bibRefCitation>
) and epibionts on
<taxonomicName id="BDA071E4A224F304FC9CFC63FBAC6F20" authority="Donner 1964" authorityName="Donner" authorityYear="1964" box="[771,1034,1006,1031]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="48D4D675A224F304FC9CFC63FCF86F20" box="[771,862,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">G. pulex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E317796A224F304FCF3FC63FBA46F20" author="Donner" box="[876,1026,1006,1031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refString="Donner, J. (1964) Die Rotatorien-Synusien submerser Makrophyten der Donau bei Wien und mehrerer Alpenbache. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplement, 27 / 1, 227 - 324." type="journal article" year="1964">Donner 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were found feeding on diatoms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>