529 lines
61 KiB
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529 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20618" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.80281" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fcdde6d-ec42-41cc-b156-d5cd694c69ce" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="09481662E34056749068E070767BA679" ID-ZooBank="7F4C67F690914C609B726EC080517099" ModsDocID="2535-0730-6-1-9" checkinTime="1645053230653" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chavez, German, Thompson, Michelle E., Sanchez, David A., Chavez-Arribasplata, Juan Carlos & Catenazzi, Alessandro" docDate="2022" docId="CA74DB9BD4CCA365FAC9FE2A9F2A4602" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 6(1): 9-20" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 6 (1)" docPubDate="2022-02-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.80281" docTitle="Synapturanus danta Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C55B4D25-62C8-42C2-8AA0-501F9086BC02" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="09481662E34056749068E070767BA679" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="09481662E34056749068E070767BA679" masterDocTitle="A needle in a haystack: Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new small species of fossorial frog (Anura, Microhylidae, Synapturanus) from the vast lower Putumayo basin, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1732855566692" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8B1AE0E2C77784B44D325088C71C8EBF">A needle in a haystack: Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new small species of fossorial frog (Anura, Microhylidae, Synapturanus) from the vast lower Putumayo basin, Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10CACB551A5826FE88DCA2DC6C9F391A">Chavez, German</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1EB14727908035918B96CDBA368328B3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-156X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="41451F0550C62036F270DC7AF2219A31">Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Lima, Peru & Division de Herpetologia - CORBIDI, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CED0D0E277E228A01F922D3D8CCBACB" type="email">vampflack@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="FA0EF94800E7FBAABE3C180B4EDF871D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CFF59524429328FCA1CA8C93F2B19D50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25FB8221D769EB7BB0BC2D0384F8BE5B">Thompson, Michelle E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D7387F236ABE5FC4D5A8F4394A69C4EA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-2340</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7AE8D8A9D41EE82E4CD92823B2CBF131">Keller Science Action Center, Science & Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="4C8EE5C3C00415909B7A0F8A7710D211" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FCD2AB54C339ED18A95451B786E0CF21">Sanchez, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B48B6CCA6EE5F79992CBFF4C868DC42E">Instituto Amazonico de Investigaciones Cientificas SINCHI, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="1701A28B27DC5E01DF98D30AF7B51F28" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C312D727F0E5C2E511A5BE94C169F468">Chavez-Arribasplata, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F04449F816B62A562D64300D34846A3">Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Lima, Peru & Division de Herpetologia - CORBIDI, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="286F697F10AB200540C297EE9207AE84">Catenazzi, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FBDCB1000E1AA1CFC67D2B4312FBD4EB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-4783</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="067414E02E65FE6302F4B9CCB009639B">Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Lima, Peru & Division de Herpetologia - CORBIDI, Lima, Peru & Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="147B81A61A3C93407E8B2BAECB1252F4">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EF4E5F9CE67680D211FF28FC04D7FABD">
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<mods:date id="27F32B1082085A6CDE12F3B7337267A2">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C3773D8AE56C89FE8153E7918AAC4A3B">2022-02-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B1B4C992F64481CDBBFC535D26CAB691">6</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CA74DB9BD4CCA365FAC9FE2A9F2A4602" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193383510" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C55B4D25-62C8-42C2-8AA0-501F9086BC02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA74DB9BD4CCA365FAC9FE2A9F2A4602" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" scope_family="Microhylidae" scope_order="Anura">
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<subSubSection id="169C71526DF88BADA6C2830A07297745" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="77380872BB94E246064FC4CEB867F59D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E30A518F732440867123BB53D93E19F4" LSID="http://zoobank.orgC55B4D25-62C8-42C2-8AA0-501F9086BC02" authority="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi, 2022" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta" status="sp. nov.">Synapturanus danta</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6DB015E72CB5F50DD6EBF5A9C983EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DB9EB8880BE254F9395AFD2DC6F295F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="ADF73678EBF44414D727663EE7B1F275" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="32677CCA8129966E1A7BF74C7C3F2395" authority="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi, 2022" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Synapturanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation id="8FB955B7D589F34A2A7DD73354DC3536" author="Chavez, G" editor="Jarrett, CC" journalOrPublisher="Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 31. Field Museum, Chicago, 145 - 156, 393 - 403" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="574 - 581" refId="B3" refString="Chavez, G, Sanchez, DA, Thompson, ME, 2021. Anfibios y reptiles/ Amphibians and reptiles. In: Jarrett, CC, Thompson, ME, Pitman, N, Vriesendorp, CF, Reyes, D, Lemos, AA, Carrasco-Rueda, F, Matapi Yucuna, W, Salazar Molano, A, Saenz Rodriguez, AR, Ferreyra, F, del Campo, A, Morales, M, Alfonso, A, Torres, Tuesta T, Herrera Vargas, MC, Garcia Ortega, C, Cardona Uribe, V, Kotlinski, N, Moskovits, DK, de Souza, LS, Stotz, DF, Eds., Colombia, Peru: Bajo Putumayo-Yaguas-Cotuhe. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 31. Field Museum, Chicago, 145-156, 393-403: 574 - 581" title="Anfibios y reptiles / Amphibians and reptiles." volumeTitle="Colombia, Peru: Bajo Putumayo-Yaguas-Cotuhe." year="2021">
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<normalizedToken id="736A6396CB00A5210D07576F046F9186" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2021
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BF7B2F769BF6DAB49576C39D11D88A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">
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<materialsCitation id="CE9C8F93158BE85B1F343632AAD89068" collectingDate="2019-11-07" collectionCode="CORBIDI" collectorName="Michelle E. Thompson & David Sanchez & German Chavez" country="Peru" county="Putumayo Province" elevation="110m" latitude="-2.5263054" location="Campamento Quebrada Federico" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.65478" specimenCode="CORBIDI 21050" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Loreto Department" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="776032A87E4E7FB5E0A6FF8E6CAA50D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="C4CDB9D5FAF49DF527586A2C3024DFB9">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66E58B0182A03A75433E12BBD5375590" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<specimenCount id="5C4DE1F1A52D1855BDAFB548AC8C5594" type="male">Male</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="43F3E2D1D6F4CC95D7C20801BC6C58A1">CORBIDI 21050</specimenCode>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="7217A3B4A7CC9C49B9AE33E1DFBF6A03" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral (A.), dorsal (B.) and ventral (C.) views of the head; Dorsal (D.) and ventral (E.) views of the body of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050, SVL = 17.9 mm) of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. Photographs by Eduardo Quispe-Salcedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647113" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A-E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AA8DFA959D325CD3EF4D6E873304DB7E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. in life. A, B. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL = 17.9 mm); C, D. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL = 17.6 mm); E, F. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL = 7.5 mm). Photographs by German Chavez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5A, B</figureCitation>
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), collected by
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<collectorName id="E37CDBD29AA988889545A2FE7C84C0E3">Michelle E. Thompson</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="8370899911E9561A164BA5ED1C55D1A5">
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David
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<normalizedToken id="1C27ACFE6F968F8B08F2623125F9094A" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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, and
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<collectorName id="B845072C33387C98F76C6C5C2CF5D459">
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<normalizedToken id="B410AC936BDB6CC88016663E1021557A" originalValue="Germán">German</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="F2FE52196BFC52EEB0804980263148F3" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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at
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<location id="A109CA51C61AF58475560DA7DA1A406B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA74DB9BD4CCA365FAC9FE2A9F2A4602:A109CA51C61AF58475560DA7DA1A406B" country="Peru" county="Putumayo Province" latitude="-2.5263054" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.65478" name="Campamento Quebrada Federico" stateProvince="Loreto Department">Campamento Quebrada Federico</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="8AABF5A80DDB4FC23BAD57F9F0A86C8E" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-2.5263054">02°31'34.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FA1FF9F11B9806CA198A05317726AC50" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.2" value="-70.65478">70°39'17.2"W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation id="D25485CAD633B3A319D2D42AD1FBB8DA">110 m</elevation>
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a.s.l.),
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<collectingCounty id="5BF6BDC59FD28028357BB03D0C71F348">Putumayo Province</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="DB5B7E6CA618C5F1053ACD9DA3B40830">Loreto Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="18D1DBFDA95CCC5872D5DD2C1B5E2942">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, on
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<collectingDate id="8228C2E4C26BF40A38253837A49BA01E">7 November 2019</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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<caption id="32C7A6C6DD5B493BE5E7FB955878789A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647113" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph id="F59AC09447D88B3940E07D8F73D40FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="6B3B62E53CE429F0EF834CB6ACA5915C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Lateral (
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<emphasis id="C594B93B94EA19602691219694854439" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis id="79878A3E950E99BAC602A98767E7CA14" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
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) and ventral (
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<emphasis id="24207D71255C9DC59966557F8C763952" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C.</emphasis>
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) views of the head; Dorsal (
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<emphasis id="AFE5179AC392B94A0DB9F4E1CF2A1DBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D.</emphasis>
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) and ventral (
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<emphasis id="81966418F35FDD34FE32C68438099318" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E.</emphasis>
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) views of the body of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050, SVL=17.9 mm) of
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<taxonomicName id="6D45AFFD1B0AD0DCD97B756D88157441" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
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<emphasis id="3E74C8640CE7F694AF2A3B9AD5AC50FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Photographs by Eduardo Quispe-Salcedo.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6BF8801F0316CCF17D462FC4CB61F098" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="paratopotypes">
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<materialsCitation id="F3DB44E2B005DE6D7287B224E7518DF4" collectingDate="2019-11-06" collectionCode="CORBIDI" collectorName="Michelle E. Thompson & David Sanchez & German Chavez" country="Peru" county="Putumayo Province" elevation="110m" latitude="-2.5263054" location="Campamento Quebrada Federico" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.65478" specimenCode="CORBIDI 21013" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratopotypes">
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<paragraph id="AB9E5A01F1741A60CD1693FAFC824E71" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="EBD58F1E70F78AB0C210061683B88251">Paratopotypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBD44784C4C18B6E5999A7B5F0F5CF73" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<specimenCount id="2295714882505BC7FDBEB4C1C056C702" type="juvenile">Juvenile</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="04CCC57EB00A2C689D3AD8801A8E162B">CORBIDI 21013</specimenCode>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="108227AFDB679BF5F01080B839FABEEC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. in life. A, B. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL = 17.9 mm); C, D. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL = 17.6 mm); E, F. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL = 7.5 mm). Photographs by German Chavez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5E, F</figureCitation>
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), collected by
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<collectorName id="2F65D4A9E2CAE3647E58970340565D86">Michelle E. Thompson</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="CA6B62A490844EDBF864163619B397DD">
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David
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|
<normalizedToken id="498DA8A9EB3F2BD7CE857329F480085B" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectorName id="6907C147F4D11C3E686BEE4992225F38">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8C780EC78A5B6B283AC82B295B8ABCF9" originalValue="Germán">German</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="B9A2803122F47FBE7B6DB67E618253DA" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
at the same site on
|
|
<collectingDate id="F10533634201BA7309E2380BAC719DBC">6 November 2019</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="5016F89F2610DFA332EABC0340633ADB" collectingDate="2022-11-07" collectionCode="CORBIDI" collectorName="Michelle E. Thompson & David Sanchez & German Chavez" country="Peru" county="Putumayo Province" elevation="110m" latitude="-2.5263054" location="Campamento Quebrada Federico" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.65478" specimenCode="CORBIDI 21051" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Loreto Department" typeStatus="paratopotypes">
|
|
<specimenCount id="AE3C27A04A474EE1C229E75BE7670C3F" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
|
<specimenCode id="81E22B0A908361500D571B3E4041E590">CORBIDI 21051</specimenCode>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="73A7B285A2DC13DD34FA9AF40DE42106" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. in life. A, B. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL = 17.9 mm); C, D. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL = 17.6 mm); E, F. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL = 7.5 mm). Photographs by German Chavez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
), same data as holotype
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<caption id="7012ABF997A73BE81AA011F7E961378E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="3547E0EE2844F5B3745E43B23E9ADC21" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis id="567FD22B91BBF98F12BDFDA4061C7828" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Type series of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7C82B796C97AB956913FA3435ED157F9" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="804AA0F67E8C74A64EF6A9F6DE593892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. in life.
|
|
<emphasis id="660CFE63080F663339445D5838C6A2A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, B.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL=17.9 mm);
|
|
<emphasis id="1428AEBAB036038340FDECA0DA0F7F46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C, D.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL=17.6 mm);
|
|
<emphasis id="83BD829A5C808B633E5EA673175D0311" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E, F.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL=7.5 mm). Photographs by
|
|
<normalizedToken id="AFD5BC7A0778AB922E83620D8BB44BF2" originalValue="Germán">German</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1E50ACBEC4DC76791C0178E8AB71733E" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9B2BDD16830E30B3A3580ED39C1DF1B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="definition and diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="93AE8D9C725FFD5FE99F825A0BBC1BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A5ADA9E529FC615845DA16301C4AB81A" originalValue="Definition">Definition</normalizedToken>
|
|
and diagnosis.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D51E529158727BC6C6C9E12F63959337" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
(1) A small-sized
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EB3DE6974A3404F944880E2BA33663EF" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4B39B336050DDB70E35B4EA81435F5BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(SVL of 17.6-17.9 mm in adult males, females unknown); (2) head dorsally flat in lateral view; (3) eyes small, slightly larger than half the size of the eye-naris distance; (4)
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1FC52C5C4EA9D89A550BDDFD8BD2E148" originalValue="fingertips">fingertips</normalizedToken>
|
|
tapering without discs; (5) subarticular tubercles not visible on
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4882FD34D295A6140AA5EBE985441462" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
; (6) thenar tubercle indistinct, palmar tubercle distinct; (7)
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8DD937FE92B54BA66C2DB14425A88FB1" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
with preaxial and postaxial fringes (except preaxially on Finger IV), strongly visible on Fingers II and III pre and post axially; (8) toe tips slightly expanded in toes II and III; (9) inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct, outer metatarsal tubercle indistinct; (10) dorsal color pattern chocolate brown without spots or blotches, a stripe along the canthus rostralis and upper eyelid only present in juveniles; (11) throat and ventral surface of limbs cinnamon brown or pinkish brown, chest and belly cyan white; (12) call consisting of a tonal note 0.054-0.063 seconds in length with a slight downward frequency modulation (delta 0-94 Hz) and a dominant frequency at 1.73-1.81 kHz (Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="A4C4D552B7CA6996074E92F247DE7F11" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Acoustic variables: Note length (NL), Dominant Frequency (DoL), Delta Frequency (DeF), Pulses, Internote length (Internote). Values show mean with range in parentheses. Data for other Synapturanus from Fouquet et al. (2021 b)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A5C9AEE0DA0B0E2B9C02F6146FF8FA85" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="A5C9AEE0DA0B0E2B9C02F6146FF8FA85">3</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4722B290471CEA3DBBCABB448D245844" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="4CE9D5B7AC93354FE5DAC9C08502150F" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Phenotypic characters of the current species of Synapturanus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35BF4F9A455ADF6FEC0FF830FF3BB0EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="35BF4F9A455ADF6FEC0FF830FF3BB0EB">1</tableCitation>
|
|
summarizes morphological differences between the new species and the current described congeners. In appearance,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5C6906C19F3C9FF035460AB4E882A36E" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="34AE4CB2A2CF5AD8FEACD62BAEF34D78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from most of its congeners, except for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="51BDD8B525EA3DF22F0C4B2CD115C677" lsidName="S. rabus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="rabus">
|
|
<emphasis id="133ED8143FE599C7081AB522ABAC765C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. rabus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0041F0A59CDAC4740D2F312DE50EA919" lsidName="S. salseri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="salseri">
|
|
<emphasis id="F97383DF0DB6034ABCAC02DDB82129D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. salseri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, by bearing a flat head in lateral view (vs convex in the rest of species). The new species can be further distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="53BAC6318BBD00A261FFB0D026A4C144" lsidName="S. rabus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="rabus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9FEB8F869649B6439E4F78C2CD05EC7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. rabus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(data for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13A5CEAB36AA4B95AA25EF9996B29924" lsidName="S. rabus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="rabus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1602F1130AC42AA4898B7360906164F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. rabus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
taken from Pyburn 1977 and Fouquet et al. 2021b) by having an indistinct tympanum (vs visible), an eye slightly larger than half of the size than eye-naris distance (vs slightly smaller than half of the size of eye-naris distance), lacking canthal stripe in adults (vs present), and an advertisement call with a note length of 0.054-0.063 seconds (vs 0.03 seconds). From
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EFA635A42CE89EF06E33BBA6AD9B5359" lsidName="S. salseri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="salseri">
|
|
<emphasis id="BA0AEE7403F0F4C9BED2965D5C31BAC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. salseri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, by being smaller with a mean SVL of 17.8 mm in adult males (vs 26.4 mm), and by having a visible palmar tubercle (vs absent), no metacarpal and inner metatarsal tubercles (vs present), no spots or stripes on dorsal surface of body (vs orange or gray spots and a discontinuous canthal stripe present), and by having an advertisement call with a dominant frequency ranging from 1.73-1.81 kHz (vs 1.10-1.47 kHz in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ACFAA27260A8FE779533DFD8ED28D432" lsidName="S. salseri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="salseri">
|
|
<emphasis id="327A23C2ABBD3DD1FCD6AD5F3E0AFA5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. salseri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Furthermore, the new species can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4ED8ABC47CFB6A9683ED4F90B6E0FEA" lsidName="S. ajuricaba" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="ajuricaba">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8217690CFC170F82BD849F56FBCFE12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. ajuricaba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a non-visible tympanum (vs visible), eyes being slightly larger than half the eye-naris distance (vs slightly smaller than half the eye-naris distance), an advertisement call with a dominant frequency of 1.73-1.81 kHz (vs 1.01-1.12 kHz); and by lacking spots on dorsum (vs present). Moreover, the new species is differentiable from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4448920685B0F05DC70A4FEE36ADFDDD" lsidName="S. mesomorphus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mesomorphus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8158762C5CBD9DF319FB9E81C8EF5C10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mesomorphus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7BC476359DD419590D7F2CD8F234B0C4" lsidName="S. mirandariberoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mirandariberoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="DE33A8F3C31C1048C8961625A9CCD95F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mirandariberoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="917D09222FBAA1EE2A4637440C4113F1" lsidName="S. zombie" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="zombie">
|
|
<emphasis id="15B54694C4769BA7CA8729A8DE99E1D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. zombie</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a slender body shape (vs robust in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E362B71B3B978F90665C4F532CE5CD86" lsidName="S. mirandariberoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mirandariberoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="F400DF5E2A151D493383F164FC618520" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mirandariberoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AAA91A73F01D64715DA86BE47DE5C5B2" lsidName="S. zombie" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="zombie">
|
|
<emphasis id="79877086E471B243986AF430B690789A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. zombie</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), non-rounded fingers (vs rounded in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="10421C088138DC1CA885F9BEEB9BD2E6" lsidName="S. mesomorphus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mesomorphus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DB42657713B722E5A096B346AD979E70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mesomorphus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="624320D287D1FD0EB65B17BC7EDB0B17" lsidName="S. mirandariberoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mirandariberoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="83DE0616794A0314A831733136929180" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mirandariberoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and having a rounded disc on fourth finger in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EA62C4676A92FF50592F2FF24FD339EF" lsidName="S. zombie" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="zombie">
|
|
<emphasis id="95F1D20FD24407A1F383C1B79BE3B65B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. zombie</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), a palmar tubercle present (vs absent), lacking thenar and metatarsal tubercle (vs present), having an advertisement call with a higher dominant frequency, ranging from 1.73 kHz to1.81 kHz (vs 1.06-1.13 kHz in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E563A08A4FA7881082336DDE91ECFC0E" lsidName="S. mesomorphus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mesomorphus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6F29491E9AF810A4F34A38C056D95142" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mesomorphus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1.10-1.47 kHz in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B89A1B21781BA3DAF5A918A38ACFF41" lsidName="S. mirandariberoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="mirandariberoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="AC81A05ABB7468D81A03FE42C2532119" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. mirandariberoi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and 1.06-1.19 kHz in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9A096894E0939C2189EB9FBEB59DE7BA" lsidName="S. zombie" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="zombie">
|
|
<emphasis id="2F71E47F9D05B9F4C245812AC65BFF67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">S. zombie</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and by lacking spots or speckles on dorsum (vs present). Additionally, the new species differs from a genetically related undescribed species (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A422093628B53601A60CF349FCD1054E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of 16 S, showing the relationship among Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (in red), its congeners, and species of Adelestes and Otophryne (Microhylidae). ML bootstrap values are indicated at each node. Taxa assignation to central, eastern and western clade follows Fouquet et al. (2021 a)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647111" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
|
|
) from Serra do Divisor National Park, western Brazil (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="544B3EDDEC1CF480D09B0B9B01493B44" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0D7D38B0941D51F8360FEF244F285A50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A1594BF3A1C5C1333AEA0FFA8F5BE19B" originalValue="“Divisor”">"Divisor"</normalizedToken>
|
|
voucher number MZUSP 159223,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="089D65622ED175BD6711003BCF06B584" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="46 - 73" refId="B5" refString="Fouquet, A, Leblanc, K, Fabre, A, Rodrigues, MT, Menin, M, Courtois, EA, Dewynter, M, Hoelting, M, Ernst, R, Peloso, P, Kok, PJR, 2021a. Comparative osteology of the fossorial frogs of the genus Synapturanus (Anura, Microhylidae) with the description of three new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield. Zoologischer Anzeiger 293: 46 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" title="Comparative osteology of the fossorial frogs of the genus Synapturanus (Anura, Microhylidae) with the description of three new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" volume="293" year="2021 a">Fouquet et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), by having a longer head which is in average 27% of the SVL, n=3 (vs 19%, n=3), a shorter nose being 33% of the head length, n=3 (vs 47%, n=3) and shorter tibia which is about 32% of the SVL, n=3 (vs 40%, n=3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3D55F3D7FBE6AD8DD3661274907BABB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="2F9C1C8957D5F127B6A22CC6CBF272B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0A3329D2A6A85D57546C1325FD17F126" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
An adult male (CORBIDI 21050), 17.9 mm SVL; body stout; head slightly wider than long, HL 24% of SVL; dorsal and ventral skin smooth from head to cloaca; linea masculina visible through the translucent ventral skin in life, extending ventrolaterally from axilla to groin; supratympanic fold barely visible, running from the posterior corner of the eye to the level of the neck; snout long and strongly protruding, projecting way beyond the end of the lower jaw (1.34 mm), tip of the nose protruding, rounded in dorsal and lateral view. Eyes small, 66% of EN; nares located laterally, closer to the tip of the snout (0.69 mm) than to the eye (1.51 mm); canthus rostralis acutely rounded, loreal region strongly concave, grooved; IN 19% of HW; EN 35% of HL. Tympanum barely visible; choanae small (less than 50% of ED), oval, located anterolaterally, no odontophores. Forelimb robust, skin smooth; HAND 15% of SVL; Finger II longer than Finger I when
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8201B21F670009CDE5E0BAADEE273539" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
adpressed;
|
|
<normalizedToken id="19533DAE644BF5328EA2C5A31F3E00AC" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
short, tips tapering excepting Finger III, unwebbed, with pre- and postaxial fringes, particularly developed on Fingers II and III where fringes extend towards the base of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="32CEC2974B4B2BEBE93B5F765AC37F4D" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
; no
|
|
<normalizedToken id="894F4E3AB73955AFB7C3DBA98EBDE6DF" originalValue="finger">finger</normalizedToken>
|
|
discs; relative length of adpressed
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E1F354A91763C2E46280949375A3343C" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
III> IV> II> I; subarticular tubercles not visible on
|
|
<normalizedToken id="B08D04C114AA834FB58AAD4CD4CCC145" originalValue="fingers">fingers</normalizedToken>
|
|
; thenar tubercle indistinct, palmar tubercle small, oval. Glandular unpigmented supracarpal pad present. Hind limb robust, skin smooth; TL 28% of SVL; FL 41% of SVL; relative length of adpressed toes IV> III> V> II> I; toes without discs, tapering on I, IV, and V, expanded on II and II. Toes unwebbed with narrow pre- and postaxial fringes. Subarticular tubercles not visible on toes; inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct, outer metatarsal tubercle indistinct. Metatarsal fold absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B5001C68B76A8BEBA816414E0C61AB4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="color of holotype in life">
|
|
<paragraph id="284AA2BAE0FF92D4AE9B1FA05269B4A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Color of holotype in life.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="800138A7715A3171698017482565BF27" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Dorsum and flanks chocolate brown without spots. Absence of a stripe along the canthus rostralis and upper eyelid. Snout white, unpigmented. Throat cinnamon brown with scattered pale orange or yellow dots; chest and belly translucent cyan with white small melanophores (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="DCC93061011922EB915F493460DC92F8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral (A.), dorsal (B.) and ventral (C.) views of the head; Dorsal (D.) and ventral (E.) views of the body of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050, SVL = 17.9 mm) of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. Photographs by Eduardo Quispe-Salcedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647113" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Upper and lower arm and dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank and tarsus similar to the dorsum in color. Glandular supracarpal pad translucent white.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="64AFF478BBD5CDB4373DEE767A024E79" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="color of holotype in preservative">
|
|
<paragraph id="41CF0A6DB38CB181A3F1D3FCDD514B45" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Color of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="51443C3AE40406699D33F6C8844B6AAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Dorsum dark brown, nose sulphur yellow. Throat creamy yellow with brown speckles. Chest and belly creamy yellow, with brown speckles toward the flanks, ventral surfaces of limbs yellowish brown. (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5127D6BBA116F8E8D822011BEC88D8FB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral (A.), dorsal (B.) and ventral (C.) views of the head; Dorsal (D.) and ventral (E.) views of the body of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050, SVL = 17.9 mm) of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. Photographs by Eduardo Quispe-Salcedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647113" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A-E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C08419DBC92FCFFDC9574C2BDB610C57" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph id="5082CEF73B7D13A732D81565A3F7E128" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BA1D78E1BF957B66C874C94FF7563B4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
For morphometric variation see Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="083DB863C29005970362A180A0FA8076" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurement variation (mm) in the type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/945EB0C3EC97025C18B69DA889AEF90D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="945EB0C3EC97025C18B69DA889AEF90D">2</tableCitation>
|
|
. Sexual dimorphism unknown. A cyan-white discontinuous canthal stripe extending to the upper eyelid and then, reaching the groins is present in juvenile CORBIDI 21013 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="EA064F380BDE19C5C638565DF3F395B5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. in life. A, B. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL = 17.9 mm); C, D. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL = 17.6 mm); E, F. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL = 7.5 mm). Photographs by German Chavez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Dorsal coloration of this juvenile is dark brown with tiny pale orange dots on dorsal surface of limbs. Ventral cyan-white coloration reaching the edge with the flank in male CORBIDI 21051. Ventral surface of feet black in male CORBIDI 21051 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6DA1A2DAD254014DC27F5073176EC6B4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type series of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. in life. A, B. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21050 (holotype, SVL = 17.9 mm); C, D. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21051 (SVL = 17.6 mm); E, F. Dorsal and ventral view of male CORBIDI 21013 (SVL = 7.5 mm). Photographs by German Chavez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647114" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="97EABFA0683852E3A98698AAD3652359" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="advertisement call">
|
|
<paragraph id="A9B2A3FD0B4C26E31235C1B3F8AF6CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="87930AE244140B7BA608285601CAA1D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0B5B64AAAF87785A9C09B0DE1AA5B707" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="A579039DA5E9B90A9766339A13F89346" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (n=2) emits single tonal notes (mean note length 0.059, range 0.054-0.063 seconds, SD=0.003) every 4.083 seconds on average (inter-note range 3.777-4.552 seconds, SD=0.300). The dominant frequency is 1.763 kHz on average (range 1.734-1.809 kHz, SD=0.031) with a slight downward modulation (mean 0.059, range 0.000-0.094 kHz, SD=0.049); a harmonic structure is present (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B8DA035684297DA1F9EE475C66E43276" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Audio spectrograms and oscillograms of the advertisement call of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050) of Synapturanus danta sp. nov .. recorded at night, in the Lower Putumayo River basin. A. Single call; B. Series of two calls" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647115" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">6</figureCitation>
|
|
, Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="362AF02D9686671D3FCD538A1CB5E6D0" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Acoustic variables: Note length (NL), Dominant Frequency (DoL), Delta Frequency (DeF), Pulses, Internote length (Internote). Values show mean with range in parentheses. Data for other Synapturanus from Fouquet et al. (2021 b)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A5C9AEE0DA0B0E2B9C02F6146FF8FA85" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="A5C9AEE0DA0B0E2B9C02F6146FF8FA85">3</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="20CE9B7892E086BE67A0C820896D74A7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647115" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="9298D26C4F45BCD3F258091AAD3AC7B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis id="7F899F32AFD778950DEDE36BED77164B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Audio spectrograms and oscillograms of the advertisement call of the holotype (CORBIDI 21050) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="586D3E81457C98679B790A40508DF5DE" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9C7FC1838AD0630F0A16852CFC57EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.. recorded at night, in the Lower Putumayo River basin.
|
|
<emphasis id="770DBEEA5FE679258F2AAA4E62BBEBFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Single call;
|
|
<emphasis id="2C4E6E1A346D65B108F2836FB3E43735" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Series of two calls
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AED2337EE551A47B9F1868F6F2376C4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE4E19CC7E585C22075E694542A04497" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0EF5C378418D65F41AAFD26E8852C42C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
The
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8DC26C3F02803D571D67677AB97D9302" originalValue="specific">specific</normalizedToken>
|
|
epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the Amazon Tapir (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4E01B60AEA6D977815C87514474C6BE3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Tapiridae" genus="Tapirus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapirus terrestris" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="terrestris">
|
|
<emphasis id="59A5F11103D7DB53A6ED8444528E5370" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tapirus terrestris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), a large mammal locally known as
|
|
<normalizedToken id="DB553476BA186A74D40D9437FD6C742D" originalValue="“Danta”">"Danta"</normalizedToken>
|
|
. During our expedition, the first time that local people and other researchers in the team spotted one of these frogs, they called it "Rana Danta", because its head profile reminded them of the head of the Amazon Tapir.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A73FBF9B97DC952C99651A06D0C023DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="56784FFDB059FCFF5F2840A07670DE44" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Distribution, habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F6EA464E1438C50A5631FA1B7903BEDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BE3E7B527E3C2577603B574AFAFC5C1A" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="5E4AEC8FAFF2A71CE0F497A4BB567B7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is only known from a population in the Lower Putumayo River Basin, Loreto, Peru (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2C79B892A3C3AE1089E0EF9B839DF312" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing the type locality of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (black star), and the localities of the closest populations of Synapturanus. Those correspond to four undescribed taxa (Fouquet et al. 2021 a): S. sp " Ica 1 " (pale blue circle). S. sp. " Ica 2 " (yellow circle) from Brazil, S. sp " Divisor " from Brazil and Peru (red circles), and S. sp. " Nanay " from Peru (pink circle). Green patches represent Amazon peatlands present in the area (Xu et al. 2018)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647110" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1</figureCitation>
|
|
). All individuals were captured at night in galleries underneath roots of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="75181C656E63B97196896A818EF85D27" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clusia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F20AFD40649BBAE1EC4978A41E6F37E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Clusia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. in habitats classified as Amazon Peatlands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4B33BFD8B92D52C7E6C4E34FF9817CAF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" author="Xu, J" journalOrPublisher="Catena" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="134 - 140" refId="B17" refString="Xu, J, Morris, PJ, Liu, J, Holden, J, 2018. PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis. Catena 160: 134 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" title="PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" volume="160" year="2018">Xu et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="E947B0EAD7C1DBA4A571A64A3A598DAD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing the type locality of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (black star), and the localities of the closest populations of Synapturanus. Those correspond to four undescribed taxa (Fouquet et al. 2021 a): S. sp " Ica 1 " (pale blue circle). S. sp. " Ica 2 " (yellow circle) from Brazil, S. sp " Divisor " from Brazil and Peru (red circles), and S. sp. " Nanay " from Peru (pink circle). Green patches represent Amazon peatlands present in the area (Xu et al. 2018)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647110" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="A36BC73AF988F63FFE5FDEB01B3B8830" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Panoramic view of the type locality (A.) and a view of the landscape in the Amazonian Peatlands inhabited by Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (B.). Photographs by Alvaro del Campo (A.) and Luis Montenegro (B.)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647116" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
|
), at the beginning of the rainy season. This peatland ecosystem is thought to occur over large areas in the Putumayo Basin (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="F129FD038D7BF241B05EEE1DE818B764" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing the type locality of Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (black star), and the localities of the closest populations of Synapturanus. Those correspond to four undescribed taxa (Fouquet et al. 2021 a): S. sp " Ica 1 " (pale blue circle). S. sp. " Ica 2 " (yellow circle) from Brazil, S. sp " Divisor " from Brazil and Peru (red circles), and S. sp. " Nanay " from Peru (pink circle). Green patches represent Amazon peatlands present in the area (Xu et al. 2018)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647110" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="09701EC3ECF3DE01266F342C14EE7C63" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Panoramic view of the type locality (A.) and a view of the landscape in the Amazonian Peatlands inhabited by Synapturanus danta sp. nov. (B.). Photographs by Alvaro del Campo (A.) and Luis Montenegro (B.)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647116" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A7C23C59CBDFB5A0E1B0D2C38A67C681" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13689" author="Gumbricht, T" journalOrPublisher="Global Change Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="3581 - 3599" refId="B7" refString="Gumbricht, T, Roman-Cuesta, RM, Verchot, L, Herold, M, Wittmann, F, Householder, E, Herold, N, 2017. An expert system model for mapping tropical wetlands and peatlands reveals South America as the largest contributor. Global Change Biology 23: 3581 - 3599, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13689" title="An expert system model for mapping tropical wetlands and peatlands reveals South America as the largest contributor." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13689" volume="23" year="2017">Gumbricht et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="16C14BCD9F8F2F10AA3314D7B78CC808" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" author="Xu, J" journalOrPublisher="Catena" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="134 - 140" refId="B17" refString="Xu, J, Morris, PJ, Liu, J, Holden, J, 2018. PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis. Catena 160: 134 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" title="PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010" volume="160" year="2018">Xu et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,); however, some of the areas predicted to be peatlands have yet to be validated with field surveys.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F6D45C7725556FE564160F64170E1D8" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
|
<emphasis id="6B450E26678FB565B30F0291CA1B055F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. inhabits the soils of stunted pole forests growing on peat. The vegetation at the type locality consists of treelet species which are common in stunted varillal and chamizal forests on white sand in Loreto,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8DA880C254590C1E5092513C3C913B4A" originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6665EC358F1AFC5CB2FEBB32B85C14CA" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Mauritiella" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mauritiella armata" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="79FCDF6779F81D54ED5677E7B359A693" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Mauritiella armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="813E3006A08931F1CA9F798D93E9A67F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macrolobium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macrolobium limbatum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="DD1BE0928999925201F4D5E4BF1963EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Macrolobium limbatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="863D62A4C97263A0EF23474C1B5A4845" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Retiniphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Retiniphyllum concolor" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
|
<emphasis id="284A7E7E46810A075465F650DE493F42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Retiniphyllum concolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="99B902B6C92C5D3B7A62D0B0C81C86EA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Dendropanax" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendropanax resinosus" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B17A158F8CAEE6152C72561B2262619B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Dendropanax resinosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9CB62E77B9A975562E0CC6683E8CB34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Remijia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Remijia ulei" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulei">
|
|
<emphasis id="A05EF1482DD227B50AC243902149AE5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Remijia ulei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as well as the filmy ferns in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B007DB18229F921A19D01E99FE51F5E" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Hymenophyllaceae" genus="Trichomanes" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichomanes" order="Hymenophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9ED8D8CEC413784FAE6C6977F2307B8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Trichomanes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), treelet species only known to grow in Loreto in stunted forests on peat soils (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA6BA8760DCB87164B8A3744437BEF06" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tabebuia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tabebuia insignis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
|
<emphasis id="6852E8CED81B3A529AD64700BAB84319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tabebuia insignis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
var. monophylla,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86B0784F524D3BA172CCA63D099F80B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Diplotropis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplotropis purpurea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
|
<emphasis id="6EF7F71FBBF7E7CB5FFCD99CF6C7E192" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diplotropis purpurea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50C5CFA84FA53D862A05DBAA470621D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Graffenrieda" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Graffenrieda limbata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCB76DD32062A84FA85E66DFDD143EE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Graffenrieda limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3C165A0315D50F1B5C527F76CEE891F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macrolobium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macrolobium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0E2207430815F50283F72F5D3CE518B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Macrolobium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2BBCF382D7406DD911D124361E6BB4A2" class="Liliopsida" family="Rapateaceae" genus="Rapatea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rapatea ulei" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulei">
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<emphasis id="B4E9FBA38D792B00E8028C77C3B152DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Rapatea ulei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and small populations of other common wetland species such as
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<taxonomicName id="2C34D3AACE08CEF8D3570D05235C912E" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mauritia flexuosa" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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<emphasis id="83DF3BD611DE7A71FED948DD1221B5C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Mauritia flexuosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C7912228EC0D9B0B10A3EACBE09C1BD8" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Euterpe precatoria" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="precatoria">
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<emphasis id="B306A4EA68861A2497742B38C8FCBD6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Euterpe precatoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A2CB6C39C0512DC613B2FA1CE452616D" author="Rios Paredes, MA" editor="Jarrett, CC" journalOrPublisher="Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 31. Field Museum, Chicago, 124 - 130" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="374 - 378" refId="B15" refString="Rios Paredes, MA, Acosta Arango, JD, Rodriguez Duque, WD, Torres Montenegro, LA, Vriesendorp, CF, 2021. Vegetacion/Vegetation. In: Jarrett, CC, Thompson, ME, Pitman, N, Vriesendorp, CF, Reyes, D, Lemos, AA, Carrasco-Rueda, F, Matapi Yucuna, W, Salazar Molano, A, Saenz Rodriguez, AR, Ferreyra, F, del Campo, A, Morales, M, Alfonso, A, Torres Tuest, T, Herrera Vargas, MC, Garcia Ortega, C, Cardona Uribe, V, Kotlinski, N, Moskovits, DK, de Souza, LS, Stotz, DF, Eds., Colombia, Peru: Bajo Putumayo-Yaguas-Cotuhe. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 31. Field Museum, Chicago, 124-130: 374 - 378" title="Vegetacion / Vegetation." volumeTitle="Colombia, Peru: Bajo Putumayo-Yaguas-Cotuhe." year="2021">
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<normalizedToken id="EDD678A5C55C45BBDF1C2AE3D6823234" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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|
Paredes et al. 2021
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
). These peatlands are seasonally saturated ecosystems, with periods of high-water levels resulting in a matrix of pools formed by rainwater and unsaturated land sitting above the pooled water, and periods of drying down of the landscape when there is low to no rainfall. We sampled during a period of rising water levels at the beginning of the rainy season; however, many unsaturated areas were present, scattered throughout the habitat around root chambers of individual trees and palms. Adult males were caught in those unsaturated areas within chambers and galleries of 15-30 cm depth, underneath roots of
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<taxonomicName id="4C63693BF106AFDD4C35C2347F51FCC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clusia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8B678800BCEBFA9ECDD617D3B0DCEBFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Clusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. Instead, the only juvenile collected (CORBIDI 21013) was captured only 5 cm depth, jumping between roots of the same species of tree where the adults were calling from. All individuals were observed 3-4 meters apart from each other.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="00059F1D8DB9507BD166A4A1803F02E3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647116" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="1DF4F238E3680A32B5A0EA66706407B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B05787CCB499AA73D203A94FC58F071D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Panoramic view of the type locality (
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<emphasis id="B1FA4293A9C6D1F75A2CB620E104D564" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
|
|
) and a view of the landscape in the Amazonian Peatlands inhabited by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EAEA1968B9002FF3B7071DD10F690A2" authorityName="Chávez & Thompson & Sánchez & Chávez-Arribasplata & Catenazzi" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus danta" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
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<emphasis id="73953A7D4F77D58B26834DDDA402CC50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Synapturanus danta</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. nov. (
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|
<emphasis id="71FB30CF96F73C54EEEFDEE6D3F12E43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
|
|
). Photographs by Alvaro del Campo (
|
|
<emphasis id="E8C285FC4B09FA772E0C873738E7BE2B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
|
|
) and Luis Montenegro (
|
|
<emphasis id="7CCF09B43E6B810859EFB3740CDE234C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |