298 lines
37 KiB
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298 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="78211472A03062F8685F9D8984A66A99">Revision of Litoria rothii (Anura: Pelodryadidae) from northern Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E48CB8BCA7217A833CAB4A5031739F2">Donnellan, S. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9E4F6B46A562709D1F49A96CE945ACB">Catullo, R. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2079619FBCECAC312C4F769A753FA668">School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0376DE71E45895DA3DB1C330BC7DA186">Rowley, J. J. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFCB351290880005772920700B9C9227">Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia Jodi. Rowley @ austmus. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2011 - 9143 & Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F19001A6A2FC81186D20D95B477B2F6D">Doughty, P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ABC4E7FFF92C34B21E438DAE12724F67">Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool, WA, 6106 Australia paul. doughty @ museum. wa. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0631 - 0571</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="470C6A6D54470B7D43C0CFB9C60AD8C0" type="email">paul.doughty@museum.wa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D82BC314F5A942AD17F12DB3C5CA6CC4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005 Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="25FF570DC3B07682F5AC944D64FE2011">Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service and Partnerships, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 64, Bellbowrie, Qld, 4070, Australia & Honorary Research Fellow, Biodiversity, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld, 4101, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="09E89A76355064262E85D3FD3E448AE7">South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia & Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3A780F7B5F2F1C978C0FA404BA75CBE5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B30A3B710DD147BF288C29BCA05D55F">2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF4CFF33FDB391BA" blockId="25.[151,556,151,249]" box="[151,556,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="8200C1041C1D5A07FF4CFF33FDB391BA" bold="true" box="[151,556,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FF4CFF33FDB391BA" ID-CoL="3VMKD" ID-ENA="2901431" authority="(Boulenger, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,556,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF4CFF33FDB391BA" bold="true" box="[151,556,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF4CFF33FED591BA" bold="true" box="[151,330,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Litoria everetti</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FE82FF33FDBC91BA" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[345,547,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="503 - 509" refId="ref18254" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1897) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Mr. Alfred Everett in Lombok, Flores, Sumba, and Savu, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 19, 503 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680570" type="journal article" year="1897">Boulenger, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF4CFF18FD8691DE" blockId="25.[151,556,151,249]" box="[151,537,187,214]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<collectingRegion id="1B33B88A1C1D5A07FF4CFF18FEA091DD" box="[151,319,188,214]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
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Laughing Treefrog
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||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1D5A07FF4CFF7BFF4691F2" box="[151,217,223,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF4CFF7BFF4691F2" blockId="25.[151,556,151,249]" box="[151,217,223,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<figureCitation id="41CC6AED1C1D5A07FF4CFF7BFF4691F2" box="[151,217,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photos in life of Litoria everetti (USNM 578928) from Meleotegi River, Ermera District, Timor Leste. A) laterodorsal view (Mark O’Shea), B) dorsal view (Hinrich Kaiser), C) posterior thigh (Hinrich Kaiser), D) dorsal view of vent (Hinrich Kaiser)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8407004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8407004/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1D5A07FF4CFE83FCAA90D9" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF4CFE83FE6D904A" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" box="[151,498,295,322]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FF4CFE83FE71904A" authority="Boulenger, 1897" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,494,295,322]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF4CFE83FEB5904A" bold="true" box="[151,298,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Hyla everetti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FEEAFE83FE71904A" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[305,494,295,321]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="503 - 509" refId="ref18254" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1897) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Mr. Alfred Everett in Lombok, Flores, Sumba, and Savu, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 19, 503 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680570" type="journal article" year="1897">Boulenger, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFEEFFCAA90D9" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CFEEFFEAD906E" bold="true" box="[199,306,331,357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<typeStatus id="064CC8CA1C1D5A07FF1CFEEFFEAD906E" box="[199,306,331,357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: “numerous specimens”—BMNH 1947.2.23.60–65 (formerly 97.6.21.106–111) (Savu) and 1947.2.23.66–67 (formerly 97.6.21.104–05) (Sumba), according to
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<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FC1AFECBFBF59082" author="Condit, J. M." box="[961,1130,367,393]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="85 - 98" refId="ref18942" refString="Condit, J. M. (1964) A list of the types of hylid frogs in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society, 4, 85 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1562641" type="journal article" year="1964">Condit (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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. NHMW 19509.1–3 also considered
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<typeStatus id="064CC8CA1C1D5A07FEC1FE30FEE390A5" box="[282,380,404,430]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
by Häupl & Tiedemann, (1978) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FCF6FE37FB9190A6" author="Haupl, M. & Tiedemann, F. & Grillitsch, H." box="[813,1038,403,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref19931" refString="Haupl, M., Tiedemann, F. & Grillitsch, H. (1994) 3 - Vertebrata, I - Amphibia. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung nach dem Stand vom 1. Janner 1994. Kataloge der Wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 9, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1994">
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||
Häupl
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||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FCA0FE30FC2990A6" box="[891,950,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1994)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Type locality: “Sumba and Savu” islands,
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<collectingCountry id="A1E036F81C1D5A07FF28FE13FEFB90DA" box="[243,356,439,465]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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||
; restricted to “Sumba” by
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<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FD50FE1CFCAE90D9" author="Forcart, L." box="[651,817,439,466]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="356 - 388" refId="ref19644" refString="Forcart, L. (1953) Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 64, 356 - 388." type="journal article" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1D5A07FF1CFE7FFC9F90FE" box="[199,768,475,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFE7FFC9F90FE" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" box="[199,768,475,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CFE7FFE2E90FE" bold="true" box="[199,433,475,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
See Supplementary
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<tableCitation id="947543D31C1D5A07FD4CFE7FFD6390FE" box="[663,764,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,582,608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Apomorphic diagnostic sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment of the Litoria peronii Group. Sites are numbered with reference to the Nyctimystes kubori ND4 and flanking tRNAs (GenBank accession JX564879). Bolding indicates apomorphic character states polarised with the remaining members of the Litoria peronii Group as the outgroups." pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Table S2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1D5A07FF1CFE5BFC949232" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFE5BFDE493F9" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CFE5BFEDD9312" bold="true" box="[199,322,511,537]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FD5EFDA4FC859312" box="[645,794,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
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<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FD5EFDA4FC859312" box="[645,794,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Litoria rothii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FC8DFDA4FC7B9312" authority="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards, 2023" authorityName="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards" authorityYear="2023" box="[854,996,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridibunda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FC8DFDA4FC7B9312" box="[854,996,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">L. ridibunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0B017011C1D5A07FC35FE5BFBD39311" box="[1006,1100,511,538]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FC35FE5BFBDA9312" bold="true" box="[1006,1093,511,537]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the pattern on the hidden portions of the legs in life.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FE19FD80FDF59336" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[450,618,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FE19FD80FDF59336" box="[450,618,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Litoria everetti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an orange marbled pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FC16FD80FBC19336" box="[973,1118,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FC16FD80FBC19336" box="[973,1118,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Litoria rothii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically has an immaculate glossy black background with yellow or occasionally white patches with highly discrete margins, providing a strong contrast between the black background and the coloured patches.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FC5BFDC8FB92938E" authority="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards, 2023" authorityName="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards" authorityYear="2023" box="[896,1037,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridibunda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FC5BFDC8FB92938E" box="[896,1037,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">L. ridibunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0B017011C1D5A07FBCDFDCFFBED938D" box="[1046,1138,619,646]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FBCDFDCFFBF4938E" bold="true" box="[1046,1131,619,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
typically has a matt black or dark grey background with yellow, orange or reddish coloured well-spaced patches or linear arrangements of coalesced patches often on the lower margin of the posterior thigh. The matt black or dark grey background and provides less contrast than is seen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FDC2FD7CFDEC93FA" box="[537,627,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FDC2FD7CFDEC93FA" box="[537,627,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">L. rothii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFD58FC949232" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FDD5FD58FDF5921E" box="[526,618,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FDD5FD58FDF5921E" box="[526,618,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">L. rothii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1D5A07FD79FD58FCB0921E" authority="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards, 2023" authorityName="Donnellan & Catullo & Rowley & Doughty & Price & Hines & Richards" authorityYear="2023" box="[674,815,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridibunda" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FD79FD58FCB0921E" box="[674,815,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">L. ridibunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FCE3FD5FFC0D921E" bold="true" box="[824,914,763,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0B017011C1D5A07FCE3FD5FFC0D921E" box="[824,914,763,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by apomorphic nucleotide states at 17 and 26 sites, respectively, in the
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FE6BFCBBFE799232" box="[432,486,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">ND4</emphasis>
|
||
gene alignment (
|
||
<tableCitation id="947543D31C1D5A07FD7CFCBBFD619232" box="[679,766,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,582,608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Apomorphic diagnostic sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment of the Litoria peronii Group. Sites are numbered with reference to the Nyctimystes kubori ND4 and flanking tRNAs (GenBank accession JX564879). Bolding indicates apomorphic character states polarised with the remaining members of the Litoria peronii Group as the outgroups." pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1D5A04FF1CFCE7FAE3904A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFCE7FC2C9576" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CFCE7FDD99256" bold="true" box="[199,582,835,861]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Description including variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FD95FCE7FD439256" author="Tyler, M. J." box="[590,732,835,861]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref22891" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1968) Papuan frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 96, 1 - 203." type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described variation among 28 individuals from Savu, Sumba, Timor and Alor. Here we describe morphological variation based on another 16 individuals (
|
||
<tableCitation id="947543D31C1D5A07FB49FCC3FB77928A" box="[1170,1256,871,897]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="21.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurement summary for adult Litoria everetti, L. ridibunda sp. nov. and L. rothii. Figures are mean ± SD and range." pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
, Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="947543D31C1D5A07FF4CFC2FFE9F92AE" box="[151,256,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,582,608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Apomorphic diagnostic sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment of the Litoria peronii Group. Sites are numbered with reference to the Nyctimystes kubori ND4 and flanking tRNAs (GenBank accession JX564879). Bolding indicates apomorphic character states polarised with the remaining members of the Litoria peronii Group as the outgroups." pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Table S2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Mean SVL: females =
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FDFDFC2FFD1192AD" box="[550,654,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.43" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="44.3">44.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=14), males =
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FC86FC2FFC5B92AD" box="[861,964,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="39.5">39.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). Head length equal to head width (HW/HL = 0.9–1.1) and approximately one-third of SVL (HL/SVL = 0.3–0.34). Snout prominent, rounded when viewed from above and blunt when viewed in profile. Nostrils more lateral than superior, closer to snout than to eye. Distance between eye and naris equal to internarial span (EN/IND = 0.4–1.3). Canthus rostralis gently curved. Eye relatively large, its diameter equal to eye to naris distance (ED/EN = 0.9–1.2). Pupil horizontal when constricted. Tympanum distinct, circular, length slightly greater than half eye diameter (TD/ED = 0.5–0.7). The vomerine teeth are in two circular or broadly oval series situated between the choanae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFB23FDBB943A" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Fingers long, broad, webbed at base. Subarticular and palmar tubercles prominent. Terminal discs prominent, extending beyond lateral extremities of penultimate phalanx. Fingers in order of length 3>4>1>2. Hindlimb length moderate (TL/SVL = 0.5–0.55). Toes in order of length 4>5=3>2>1. Toes fully webbed. Subarticular tubercles not prominent. Oval inner metatarsal tubercle not prominent. Terminal toe discs prominent, extending beyond lateral extremities of penultimate phalanx.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFA98FAF79472" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Dorsum mildly granular. Upper surface of limbs smooth or mildly granular. Abdomen, undersurface of thighs, and lateral aspect of body coarsely granular. Distinct pectoral fold present. Vocal slits present in buccal cavity.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CFA27FB85977E" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CFA27FEBF9496" bold="true" box="[199,288,1411,1437]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Description of colour in life is based on images of four individuals from Timor (n=3) and Sumba (n=1). Dorsum and head vary from uniformly bone to light brown, darker animals tend to be heavily mottled with dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41CC6AED1C1D5A07FEB9FA6FFE3894EE" box="[354,423,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photos in life of Litoria everetti (USNM 578928) from Meleotegi River, Ermera District, Timor Leste. A) laterodorsal view (Mark O’Shea), B) dorsal view (Hinrich Kaiser), C) posterior thigh (Hinrich Kaiser), D) dorsal view of vent (Hinrich Kaiser)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8407004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8407004/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper surfaces of limbs with same colour and pattern as dorsum. Wrist sometimes with black mark. In lighter coloured individuals, supratympanic fold across demarked by a thin black stripe beginning at posterior margin of eye and continuous across the top of the tympanum to black patch in axilla. Lips usually immaculate. Snout or canthus rostralis with small black spots sparsely in lighter coloured individuals; dorsal pattern and coloration continuous with snout and canthus rostralis in darker individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CF9DBFE59960E" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Posterior thigh with matt black markings varying from a few blotches to transverse patches separated by with orange patches occupying between 20–70% of the posterior thigh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41CC6AED1C1D5A07FC5CF907FC5497B6" box="[903,971,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photos in life of Litoria everetti (USNM 578928) from Meleotegi River, Ermera District, Timor Leste. A) laterodorsal view (Mark O’Shea), B) dorsal view (Hinrich Kaiser), C) posterior thigh (Hinrich Kaiser), D) dorsal view of vent (Hinrich Kaiser)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8407004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8407004/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vent same colour as surrounding dorsal colours. Fore of thighs and groin, outer margin of leg and dorsal surface of foot unpatterned. Ventral surface of legs plain. Axilla with blotches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A07FF1CF8ABFD0C967A" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Abdomen plain white, immaculate or with indistinct dark mottling on anterior margins. Colour of throat in calling males unknown. Throat sometimes with small indistinct dark mottling otherwise unpigmented. Upper iris orange-brown, lower iris grey to light brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1D5A04FF1CF8DFFAE3904A" blockId="25.[151,1437,295,2014]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,150,393]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1D5A07FF1CF8DFFDFE969E" bold="true" box="[199,609,1915,1941]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98">Habitat and reproductive biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FDB1F8DFFC9F969E" author="Smith, M. A." box="[618,768,1915,1941]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="199 - 225" refId="ref22429" refString="Smith, M. A. (1927) Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1927, 199 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 02255. x" type="journal article" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected several individuals and tadpoles in puddles near Tjamplong (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FE54F83BFD9196B2" box="[399,526,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</quantity>
|
||
) and Soë (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FD29F83BFCA696B2" box="[754,825,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
) in West Timor.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1D5A07FC2AF83BFB1A96B2" author="Smith, M. A." box="[1009,1157,1951,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" pagination="199 - 225" refId="ref22429" refString="Smith, M. A. (1927) Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1927, 199 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 02255. x" type="journal article" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated the larval morphology from a sample from Tjamplong (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FC5BF867FB9E96D6" box="[896,1025,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</quantity>
|
||
) and Soë (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1D5A07FB36F867FAA896D6" box="[1261,1335,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
) in West Timor.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1E5A04FF32FF33FE1491BA" author="Forcart, L." box="[233,395,150,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" pagination="356 - 388" refId="ref19644" refString="Forcart, L. (1953) Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 64, 356 - 388." type="journal article" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that newly metamorphosed frogs were collected on the leaves of shrubs and bushes in damp palm forest material from Prai Jawang, Sumba.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1E5A04FCD8FF1FFC4691DE" author="Kaiser, H. & O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, C. M." box="[771,985,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" pagination="361 - 370" refId="ref20138" refString="Kaiser, H., O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, C. M. (2014) Amphibians of Timor-Leste: A Small Fauna under Pressure Chapter 21. In: Heatwole, H. & Das, I. (Eds.), Conservation Biology of Amphibians of Asia: Status of Conservation and decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere. Natural History Publications, Borneo, pp. 361 - 370." type="book chapter" year="2014">
|
||
Kaiser
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1E5A04FC89FF1FFC1691DE" box="[850,905,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1E5A04FBB7FF1FFB4491DF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1132,1243,187,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everetti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1E5A04FBB7FF1FFB4491DF" box="[1132,1243,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">L. everetti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1E5A04FAD4FF1FFE9491F3" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1E5A04FAD4FF1FFE9491F3" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Limnonectes timorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together along the Meleotegi River near Eraulo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B33B88A1C1E5A04FCF0FF7BFC4591F2" box="[811,986,223,249]" country="Timor-Leste" name="Ermera" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Ermera District</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A1E036F81C1E5A04FC3FFF7BFBF191F2" box="[996,1134,223,249]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Timor-Leste</collectingCountry>
|
||
at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1E5A04FAE1FF7BFA0791F2" box="[1338,1432,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="1200.0">1,200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1E5A04FF4CFEA7FED79016" author="Menzies, J. I." box="[151,328,259,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" refId="ref21172" refString="Menzies, J. I. (2006) The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Moscow: Pensoft." type="book" year="2006">Menzies (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected adults in the central mountains of Timor in the axils of bananas in a coffee plantation in a region where the natural vegetation was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EF70DEB1C1E5A04FD86FE83FD46904A" box="[605,729,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1E5A04FD86FE83FD46904A" box="[605,729,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodland. The call has not been described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1E5A04FB10FE83FAEF904A" author="Menzies, J. I." box="[1227,1392,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" refId="ref21172" refString="Menzies, J. I. (2006) The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Moscow: Pensoft." type="book" year="2006">Menzies 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91ED25E31C1E5A04FF1CFEEEFE459082" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D94876681C1E5A04FF1CFEEEFE459082" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB83AA7A1C1E5A04FF1CFEEEFEC6906F" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B33B88A1C1E5A04FEBCFEEFFDCE906E" box="[359,593,331,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Lesser Sunda Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Alor, West Timor, Savu, and Sumba,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A1E036F81C1E5A04FBD4FEEFFBE3906E" box="[1039,1148,331,357]" name="Indonesia" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A1E036F81C1E5A04FB6AFEEFFAA1906E" box="[1201,1342,331,357]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="26" pageNumber="99">Timor-Leste</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="1E0FDB8D1C1E5A04FA93FEEEFF329082" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1500 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD660B991C1E5A04FEF2FECBFE519082" author="Menzies, J. I." box="[297,462,367,393]" pageId="26" pageNumber="99" refId="ref21172" refString="Menzies, J. I. (2006) The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Moscow: Pensoft." type="book" year="2006">Menzies 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |