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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.6129" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b359e27-4813-4319-aeb7-fa434c29bf62" ID-PMC="PMC4829908" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-574-143" ID-PubMed="27110183" ID-ZBK="48B04132DA634854B855D92CC2B20382" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-574-143" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 574" ModsDocTitle="Notes on Nilothauma Kieffer from Oriental China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Chironomidae)" checkinTime="1459365949669" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Qi, Xin, Tang, Hongqu &amp; Wang, Xinhua" docDate="2016" docId="4F352DE87B7ED7799928F2C5FD347D9B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 574: 143-159" docOrigin="ZooKeys 574" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.6129" docTitle="Nilothauma angustum Qi, Tang &amp; Wang, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6AEAD9D5-C373-4D0A-822A-5449C7A62C06" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FF86F4393D077E6CFFC8FFE00452FFCB" masterDocTitle="Notes on Nilothauma Kieffer from Oriental China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1668162858841" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Notes on Nilothauma Kieffer from Oriental China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Chironomidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Qi, Xin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tang, Hongqu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xinhua</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>574</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>143</mods:start>
<mods:end>159</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.6129</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.574.6129</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-574-143</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">48B04132DA634854B855D92CC2B20382</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">48B04132DA634854B855D92CC2B20382</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127857963" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6AEAD9D5-C373-4D0A-822A-5449C7A62C06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F352DE87B7ED7799928F2C5FD347D9B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Chironomidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6AEAD9D5-C373-4D0A-822A-5449C7A62C06" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="144">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-11
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Holotype: male (EJNU), CHINA: Yunnan, Ximeng City, Mengsuo Lake,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.644817">22°38.689'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="99.59385">99°35.631'E</geoCoordinate>
, Alt. 1090m, 27.viii.2014, Tang HQ, light trap. Paratype: 1 male (LTZU), as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
The adult male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n. can be distinguished from all other known species of the genus by the following combination of characters: wing with four partially connected dark markings; anterior T IX projection extensively microtrichiose, divided into two lobes, each with apical simple setae forming a fan-like structure; posterior T IX projection extensively microtrichiose, nearly parallel-sided, setose, with long anterolateral arms; anal point broadly lanceolate, microtrichiose along the median ridge and the apical margin; median volsella with microtrichia and two apical setae; gonostylus peaked apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">From the Latin angustus (narrow), referring to the male hypopygium with apically narrowed gonostylus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Male imago (n = 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Total length 2.1−2.2 mm. Wing length 0.9−1.1 mm. Total length/wing length 2.1−2.2. Wing length/length of profemur 2.1−2.2.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Coloration. Generally yellow, thorax (Fig. 2) yellow except scutum, pre-episternum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown, abdomen yellowish brown. Wing with 4 partially connected dark markings (Fig. 1). Foreleg yellow with both ends of femur, apex of tibia, apical 1/3 of ta1, and ta2−5 brown; mid leg with sub-apex of femur and sub-base of tibia brown; hind leg with sub-apex of femur brown (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Figures 1-11.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male. 1 wing 2 thorax, lateral view 3 legs 4 foretibial apex 5 mid tibial apex 6 hind tibial apex 7 hypopygium, dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) 8 anterior anal tergal projection 9 posterior anal tergal projection 10 anal point 11 posterior margin of anal tergite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Head. AR 0.18−0.20. Temporals 7−11, uniserial. Clypeus with 17−19 setae. Tentorium 80−108
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 11−15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide; stipes 50−65
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 6−8
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide. Lengths of palpomeres 1−5 (in
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
): 28−30, 25−30, 58−63, 85−105, 125−130. Palpomere 3 with 2 sensilla clavata; Pm5/Pm3 2.1−2.2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Thorax (Fig. 2). Antepronotal lobe much reduced. Dorsocentrals 9−10, uniserial; acrostichals 7−9, biserial; prealars 2. Scutellum with 2 setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Wing (Fig. 1). VR 1.5−1.6. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 9−13 setae, R1 with 6−9 setae, R4+5 with 10−11 setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Legs (Fig. 3). Spur of fore tibia 63−65
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long including 30−35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long scale (Fig. 4). Spur of mid tibia 20−25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long (Fig. 5) including 13−15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long comb. Spurs of hind tibia 18−25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and 28−30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, respectively; comb 15−20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long (Fig. 6). Width at apex of fore tibia 28−30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, of mid tibia 33−35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, of hind tibia 30−34
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Lengths and proportions of legs in Table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Table 1. Lengths (μm) and proportions of legs of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male (n = 2).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<table pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">fe</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">ti</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">
ta
<sub pageId="1" pageNumber="144">1</sub>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">
ta
<sub pageId="1" pageNumber="144">2</sub>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">
ta
<sub pageId="1" pageNumber="144">3</sub>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">
ta
<sub pageId="1" pageNumber="144">4</sub>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">
ta
<sub pageId="1" pageNumber="144">5</sub>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">LR</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">BV</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">SV</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
Hypopygium (Fig. 7). Tergite IX with 2 dorsal projections. Anterior projection (Fig. 8) microtrichiose, 60−63
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 20−23
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at base, split into 2 lobes; each 40−45
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 10−12
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at base, 5−6
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at apex, with simple apical setae, together forming fan-like structure. Posterior projection (Fig. 9) extensively microtrichiose, 37−40
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 35−40
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at base, 17−20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at apex, nearly parallel-sided, apically rounded with 8 setae; long anterolateral arms present. Anal point (Fig. 10) broadly lanceolate, 30−35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 25−28
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at base, 28−30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide at middle, with microtrichia along median ridge and apical margin. Posterior margin of tergite IX (Fig. 11) with 8−10 setae located to each side of anal point. Laterosternite IX with 3 setae. Phallapodeme 28−30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long. Transverse sternapodeme rounded medially without median elongation. Gonocoxite 78−80 m long. Superior volsella 30−35
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, slender, club-shaped with 4 apical setae, without microtrichia. Median volsella 8−10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, with 2 apical setae and microtrichia. Inferior volsella 53−58
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, pointed apically, with microtrichia and 6−7 apically cleft setae. Gonostylus 88−90
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, apically narrowed and peaked, with row of 4−5 split distal-median setae. HR 0.86−0.89, HV 2.3−2.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="145" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
imago, pupa and larva. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
The male hypopygium is similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma flabellatum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flabellatum">Nilothauma flabellatum</taxonomicName>
Adam &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sæther">Saether</normalizedToken>
, 1999 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma kakumense" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakumense">Nilothauma kakumense</taxonomicName>
Adam &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sæther">Saether</normalizedToken>
, 1999 as the anterior T IX projection has long apical setae forming fan-like structures. The differences between these three species are given in Table 2.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F192DCC62A0A186A61A74D57C91EF7ED" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F192DCC62A0A186A61A74D57C91EF7ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
Table 2. Comparison of male hypopygial characters in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma flabellatum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flabellatum">Nilothauma flabellatum</taxonomicName>
Adam &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sæther">Saether</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma kakumense" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakumense">Nilothauma kakumense</taxonomicName>
Adam &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sæther">Saether</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma angustum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustum">Nilothauma angustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma flabellatum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flabellatum">Nilothauma flabellatum</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilothauma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilothauma kakumense" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kakumense">Nilothauma kakumense</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oriental China (Yunnan Province).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="biological note">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Biological note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
The males were collected at the bank of Mengsuo Lake by light trap, where the nutrient levels are relatively high (conductivity 39−42
<normalizedToken originalValue="μs">μs</normalizedToken>
/cm, chlorophyll-a 10.5−11.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="μg">μg</normalizedToken>
/l). The co-occurring dominant species are eutrophic taxa, such as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Kiefferulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kiefferulus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kiefferulus</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polypedilum nubeculosum" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubeculosum">Polypedilum nubeculosum</taxonomicName>
(Meigen),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polypedilum sordens" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordens">Polypedilum sordens</taxonomicName>
(van der Wulp), and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanytarsus oscillans" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oscillans">Tanytarsus oscillans</taxonomicName>
Johannsen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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