192 lines
18 KiB
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192 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="1F679E3E8BAF133A13EFEABA27D5FD21" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum harmandii Bonati, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 3: 310. 1914." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F679E3E8BAF133A13EFEABA27D5FD21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F679E3E8BAF133A13EFEABA27D5FD21" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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17.
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<taxonomicName authority="Bonati, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2, 3: 310. 1914." authorityName="Bonati, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 3: 310. 1914." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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Solanum harmandii Bonati, Bull. Soc. Bot.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Genève">Geneve</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="sér">ser</normalizedToken>
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. 2, 3: 310. 1914.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Solanum harmandii Bonati Herbarium specimen (lectotype) collected in Cambodia (Harmand s. n., P 00055939). Photograph credit: CC-BY, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="F. J. Harmand" country="Cambodia" location="Cambodia" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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. Sin. loc.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>F.J. Harmand</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated here: P [P00055939])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrub, size unknown, armed. Stems erect, terete, prickly and densely stellate-pubescent; prickles to 1 cm long, to 0.5 cm wide at the base, straight, deltate, laterally flattened, orange brownish, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent in the lower half; trichomes porrect-stellate, mixture of sessile and stalked, the stalks to 0.1 mm long, the rays 5-8, 0.1-0.4 mm long, the midpoints absent or up to 0.1 mm long, with bulbous bases; new growth densely pubescent, light brownish; bark of older stems greyish, moderately stellate-pubescent. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, shallowly lobed, the blades 6-16.5 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide, elliptic to ovate, chartaceous, discolorous, unarmed on both surfaces, or occasionally with a few prickles along the midvein; adaxial surface green, moderately to densely stellate-pubescent, the stellate trichomes porrect, sessile to stalked, the stalks to 0.2 mm long, the rays 5-8, 0.1-0.5 mm long, the midpoints to 0.25 mm long; abaxial surface densely whitish stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface; major veins 5-7 pairs drying light-green; base shortly attenuate to truncate; margins shallowly lobed, the lobes 3-4 on each side, 0.5-1.5 cm long, broadly deltate, apically rounded, the sinuses less than halfway to the midrib; apex acute; petiole 1-2.5 cm long, 1/10-1/5 of the leaf blade length, unarmed or prickly with 1-3 prickles, densely stellate-pubescent. Inflorescences 2.5-4 cm long, apparently lateral, forked or 2 times branched, with ca. 8-9 flowers, 2 flowers open at any one time, densely whitish stellate-pubescent, trichomes like those of the stems but with longer stalks, unarmed; peduncle ca. 0.5 cm long, unarmed; pedicels 0.25-0.4 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, erect, unarmed, densely whitish stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 1.5-3 mm apart. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube ca. 2 mm long, campanulate, the lobes 1-2.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, deltate with an elongate acute apex, unarmed and densely whitish stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 0.7-1.2 cm in diameter, colour unknown, stellate, lobed 1/2-2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 5-7 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, deltate, spreading at anthesis, glabrous adaxially, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially on parts exposed in bud. Stamens equal; anthers ca. 8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous, not tightly connivent, tapering, orange, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube <0.5 mm long, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, with simple glandular hairs in the upper 1/4; style ca. 3.5 mm long, slender, curved at the apex, glabrous; stigma capitate, minutely papillate. Fruits and seeds unknown. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distribution of S. harmandii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to Cambodia, but without specific locality.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bonati Herbarium specimen (lectotype) collected in Cambodia (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Harmand s.n.</emphasis>
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, P00055939). Photograph credit: CC-BY,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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national
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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naturelle, Paris.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the type collection, on which no habitat information was recorded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Data Deficient (DD). Known only from the type collection, probably collected between 1875 and 1877 (see below). No locality or habitat information was recorded which makes the recollection of this plant a priority.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a stout shrub that is morphologically very different from all the other spiny solanums treated here. The growth form is reminiscent of members of the Brevantherum clade (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B82" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, L, Gouvea, Y, Bragonis, T, Stehmann, JR, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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), but it possesses copious prickles and in flower morphology it is a typical spiny solanum with tapering anthers opening by distally directed pores.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum giganteum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of the Indian subcontinent has similar overall morphology, with many-branched inflorescences, but differs from
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its scurfy white pubescence of multangulate trichomes and entire leaves that are usually almost glabrous adaxially.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hul, S" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B101" refString="Hul, S, Dy Phon, P, 2014. Solanaceae. In: Aubreville, A, Leroy, J, Morat, P, Eds., Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh: 1 - 93" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam." year="2014">Hul and Dy Phon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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cited
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“holo-P”">"holo-P"</normalizedToken>
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in their treatment of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. harmandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harmandii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. harmandii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonati, G" journalOrPublisher="D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B25" refString="Bonati, G, 1914. Primulacees, Solanacees et Scrofulariacees nouvelles de la Chine, de l'Indochine et du Turkestan. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de Geneve, ser., 2 5: 297-316." title="Primulacees, Solanacees et Scrofulariacees nouvelles de la Chine, de l'Indochine et du Turkestan. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de Geneve, ser., 2 5: 297 - 316." year="1914">Bonati (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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cited no herbarium in any part of the publication of this species. Although he was known to have worked in Paris, this does not constitute effective lectotypification. We here designate the single specimen in P (P00055939) as the lectotype. The type specimen was collected during a French expedition led by Dr. Jules Harmand, then medical officer in the region previously known as Indochina, between 1875 and 1877 (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1922.2980" author="Arousseau, L" journalOrPublisher="F. - H. Schneider, Hanoi, 22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="402 - 404" refId="B7" refString="Arousseau, L, 1922. Jules Harmand. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient. F.-H. Schneider, Hanoi, 22: 402 - 404, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1922.2980" title="Jules Harmand." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1922.2980" volumeTitle="Bulletin de l'Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient." year="1922">Arousseau 1922</bibRefCitation>
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); detailed itineraries are not available for his collecting trips.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |