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<document id="7010E7351B322A150A9667983DA3EE39" ID-CLB-Dataset="5896" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ceca425f-e47a-4fe0-8c4c-f0abaae680e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046838" ID-ZooBank="23C81666-C440-489C-AF53-6C37FB68AFEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623283102752" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Collins, Steve, Warren-Gash, Haydon &amp; Belcastro, Claudio" docDate="2021" docId="03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4981.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4981 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stempfferia michelliberti Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="566" masterDocId="FF84E70CFA502A03314A35080812FFB7" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Epitola sensu lato (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Poritiinae) from West and Central Africa" masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="554" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1699009154658" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1FF51CA3A32D2AA16A5F0D6E24F35E70" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2BF414434A8D739A41D588FBF9784F63">
<mods:title id="2AF58D09765124F529BC4971A02ADABD">Description of five new species of Epitola sensu lato (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Poritiinae) from West and Central Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1D804AAD7A145FEAA2E1303B4F6CC0B9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="634A848FDF43ED200E737ABFCDE2E66D">
<mods:roleTerm id="AC92F7C9F9EC65FA67CC50056AC8CD76">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A6DA7C54206B18921CD7E060AF20A47C">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="025791C9ED3F83BFECFE11D90ABB10F7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0C8CA682C3ACE0AE09C8A61F654AAEF5">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="63E3B21389018FE52F9BC14188FA67BF" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="37591A6B259467C21035BA73D1532CA4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C71C112E9E5D2C633E42A956652574B">
<mods:roleTerm id="C50C844C655C643F698F3E5790F8ED47">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5E3762995AA0A24F9046C1D63D048E2">Collins, Steve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DB589B396BC4B330E35D00107143542">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E46E7CCE24BA10A73F4F9A9E7580606E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A8D153865296530FA2CE317B5C0121D8">
<mods:roleTerm id="0A79CFC3D119A223A601DA421BB9F85A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="ED28EEB70370E7A4B79F0C21A318CEEC">Warren-Gash, Haydon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F9BC9B77E7B0F598E562CCEEF0010B6C">98 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive, London SW 11 4 EU, UK.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E05B74908AC86873BECAD2079238A740" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7682B88A58E526042A6D76F3728915AE">
<mods:roleTerm id="8B2A2BAC1C364A345E8EFE3F786F8839">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C22A0F75E58DA2ECD8DAFB2A65323552">Belcastro, Claudio</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E76E12936B66F4AB0470350560ABA22E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0102-5106</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F1DA7658A52C21B138AECF6F413594A0">Museo della Biodiversita, Parco Nationale della Sila, Loc Cupone, I- 87058 Spezzano della Sila, Italy. belcastroclaudio @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0102 - 5106</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5CC184F389E4F5B8DE5D04CA8D833E30" type="email">belcastroclaudio@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9665D9E7E28BC8A7D4314A85944E65E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="00E2EC8711C062B49EC0492DBB1AD25D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6A67C27F8BA58CED8B5FAC56528CFA5D">
<mods:title id="F0C6AE9A79FD810BB08C70CDD40C0DB8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FB90865FB1E8FC0FA1CD01A369A7BD45">
<mods:date id="5764C732B1E00F1BC03827080675C47F">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8426BA05D7C2EA664BFC840922F21BB7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F72FC2DD6009C65DBEAF2297660DE60E">2021-06-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="69C0AFAA088CBF408129577920E0A2BC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4B4608286264EFCCC33A1A128853E538">4981</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="162D16EAF7C357C91688C60A0519DC4C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="955CA1AC6BEF238D71541F58C7D03C36">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1F930D8BA499B9BB68FC5B320C29B454" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6D49F9D2DD538CE6C77BE2DB1B6CF508">554</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F4BF32693ED50ED11A3B7F642BBB6EC2">576</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A75F392935504B717BF09FCAAEDB5F6A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="82B08B854A0CA1FBA668750E80757796" type="CLB-Dataset">5896</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A663386CB5FECA904C6BB22AA9155D41" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="884D503B3C29D75BD727D804185595F4" type="GBIF-Dataset">ceca425f-e47a-4fe0-8c4c-f0abaae680e4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E4737291BE22831E5C617C9CDEFEE91" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8D56E89714515804591D004466B84B3A" type="Zenodo-Dep">5046838</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0C8DC80983D503C6489C5D1EE7B9E5F8" type="ZooBank">23C81666-C440-489C-AF53-6C37FB68AFEB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183228182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA592A0A31DD321A09A2F8E7" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA592A0A31DD321A0BC5F89B" blockId="9.[151,983,1809,1909]" box="[151,983,1809,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
<heading id="D0E3990EFA592A0A31DD321A0BC5F89B" bold="true" box="[151,983,1809,1836]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA592A0A31DD321A0BC5F89B" bold="true" box="[151,983,1809,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA592A0A31DD321A0B61F89B" authority="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,883,1809,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA592A0A31DD321A09D7F89B" bold="true" box="[151,453,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">Stempfferia michelliberti</emphasis>
Sáfián, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534F0BFA592A0A3230321A0BC5F89B" box="[890,983,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA592A0A31DD323E09A2F8E7" blockId="9.[151,983,1809,1909]" box="[151,432,1846,1872]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA592A0A31DD325209E0F8C3" box="[151,498,1882,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA592A0A31DD325209E0F8C3" blockId="9.[151,983,1809,1909]" box="[151,498,1882,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
(
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA592A0A31D53252090FF8C2" box="[159,285,1882,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,464,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[151,1436,450,1929]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stempfferia females. S. michelliberti, holotype. A, upperside; B, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Bookoro. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Dja River. E, upperside; F, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046858/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">Figs 7A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA592A0A306332520962F8C3" box="[297,368,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1380,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[188,1398,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stempfferia males. S. michelliberti, paratype, Sierra Leone, Gola Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. S. michelliberti, paratype, Ivory Coast, Alépé. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Ebogo. E, upperside, F, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Botambi. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046862/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">8A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA592A0A3031325209D2F8C2" box="[379,448,1882,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,260,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-59@13.[227,1359,234,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Stempfferia michelliberti, lateral view. A, S. michelliberti, paratype, Alépé, Ivory Coast, gen. prep. SAFI00107, (coremata removed); B, S. michelliberti, paratype, Guinea, Ziama Forest, gen. prep.: 739/2019/K. Florczyk, (coremata removed); C, S. zelza Ghana, Likpe Mate, gen. prep. SAFI00077 (coremata removed); D, S. zelza Cameroon, Bimbia Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00077 (with coremata)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">9A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA592A0A3086325209FBF8C3" box="[460,489,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Known localities of S. michelliberti and the western distribution of S. zelza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046868/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA592A0931DD32AA0A2EFE1B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA592A0A31DD32AA0CA3F857" blockId="9.[151,1436,1954,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C243FFA592A0A31DD32AA0CA3F857" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312256310" collectingDate="2014-01" collectionCode="ENNR, ANHRT" country="Liberia" location="Coldwater" municipality="Nimba Mountains" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" specimenCode="ANHRT00157777" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nimba County" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA592A0A31DD32AA091FF80B" bold="true" box="[151,269,1954,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA592A0A31DD32AA091AF80B" box="[151,264,1954,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA592A0A306632AB0953F80A" box="[300,321,1955,1981]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA592A0A300132AA09AEF80B" box="[331,444,1954,1980]" name="Liberia" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">LIBERIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D0E080FA592A0A308132AA0A64F80B" box="[459,630,1954,1980]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">Nimba County</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFB418FA592A0A33CE32AA0B44F80B" box="[644,854,1954,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">Nimba Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECB78B9FA592A0A322E32AA0BC8F80B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62:8ECB78B9FA592A0A322E32AA0BC8F80B" box="[868,986,1954,1980]" country="Liberia" municipality="Nimba Mountains" name="Coldwater" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" stateProvince="Nimba County">Coldwater</location>
,
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA592A0A32A332AB0C27F80A" box="[1001,1077,1955,1981]" collectionName="ENNR" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">ENNR</collectionCode>
and
<location id="8ECB78B9FA592A0A353832AA0D93F80A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62:8ECB78B9FA592A0A353832AA0D93F80A" box="[1138,1409,1954,1981]" country="Liberia" municipality="Nimba Mountains" name="Blei Community Forest" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" stateProvince="Nimba County">Blei Community Forest</location>
<date id="FFAA08A2FA592A0A34C632AB08C1F857" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" value="2014-01">
<collectingDate id="EFEEF14AFA592A0A34C632AB08C1F857" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" value="2014-01">I. 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. Leg.:
<location id="8ECB78B9FA592A0A305532CE0985F857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62:8ECB78B9FA592A0A305532CE0985F857" box="[287,407,1990,2016]" country="Liberia" municipality="Nimba Mountains" name="Safian, Sz." pageId="9" pageNumber="563" stateProvince="Nimba County">Sáfián, Sz.</location>
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA592A0A30D632CE09E8F857" box="[412,506,1990,2016]" collectionName="ANHRT" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">ANHRT</collectionCode>
unique ID number:
<specimenCode id="DBB28619FA592A0A339632CE0BBDF856" box="[732,943,1990,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">ANHRT00157777</specimenCode>
.
<location id="8ECB78B9FA592A0A32F332CE0C39F857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD9F74FA592A0E31DD321A0C89FF62:8ECB78B9FA592A0A32F332CE0C39F857" box="[953,1067,1990,2016]" country="Liberia" municipality="Nimba Mountains" name="Deposited" pageId="9" pageNumber="563" stateProvince="Nimba County">Deposited</location>
in
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA592A0A350732CE0CBCF857" box="[1101,1198,1990,2016]" collectionName="ANHRT" pageId="9" pageNumber="563">ANHRT</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5A2A09318D359E0C9FFF4F" blockId="10.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A09318D359E095AFF07" bold="true" box="[199,328,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA5A2A09318D359E0951FF07" box="[199,323,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A09302E359E0995FF07" box="[356,391,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5A2A0930DA359E0A48FF07" box="[400,602,150,176]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
, Gola North, Dukor Magboin Tujuma
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5A2A09355E359E0C83FF06" box="[1044,1169,150,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" value="2011-05-29">29.05.2011</date>
Leg. C. Belcastro. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A09304635B20927FF63" box="[268,309,186,212]" country="Australia" name="The CB Rhizobium Collection" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">CB</collectionCode>
; •
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A09301A35B20961FF63" box="[336,371,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5A2A09303035B209FAFF63" box="[378,488,186,212]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
, Forêt Classée de Ziama, Dopamai trail.
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5A2A0932FB35B20C23FF63" box="[945,1073,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" value="2019-03-11">11.III.2019</date>
, Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Florczyk, K., Koivogui, S. Gen. prep. 739/
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5A2A09333F35D60AE1FF4F" box="[629,755,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" value="2020-02-21">21.02.2020</date>
J.Lorenc. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A0932B535D60C9BFF4F" box="[1023,1161,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">CEP-MZUJ</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5A2A09318D340B0A6BFEF7" blockId="10.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">
•
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A093192340A08E9FEAB" box="[216,251,258,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5A2A093049340A0963FEAB" box="[259,369,258,284]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
, Forêt Classée de Ziama, Dopamai trail.
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5A2A093277340A0BAEFEAB" box="[829,956,258,284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" value="2019-03-11">11.III.2019</date>
, Leg.: Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Florczyk, K., Koivogui, S. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A0930A1342E0A67FEF7" box="[491,629,294,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">CEP-MZUJ</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5A2A09318D34430A2EFE1B" blockId="10.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">
•
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A093190344208EFFED3" box="[218,253,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5A2A09304F344209D3FED3" box="[261,449,330,356]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
, Alépé, Yaya, C. d’Ivoire
<date id="FFAA08A2FA5A2A0933A034420B7EFED3" box="[746,876,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" value="2000-09-17">17.09.2000</date>
. Leg.: H.W-Gash, Gen. prep.:
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A09358234420D14FED3" box="[1224,1286,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">SAFI</collectionCode>
00107.
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A09341334420D8EFED3" box="[1369,1436,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">ABRI</collectionCode>
unique number: ABRI-2016-02792. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED05B6A7FA5A2A09338634660B01FE3F" box="[716,787,366,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">ABRI</collectionCode>
. •
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A09327834660B79FE3E" box="[818,875,366,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D12E5EBFA5A2A09323034660BA0FE3F" box="[890,946,366,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5A2A0932F034660C64FE3F" box="[954,1142,366,392]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
, Alépé, Mont Péko, Leg.: Warren-Gash, H. Deposited in HWG.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6B7EEAFA5A2A0931DD32AB0B60F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046858/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" startId="10.[151,250,1955,1979]" targetBox="[167,1416,464,1916]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5A2A0931DD32AB0B60F857" blockId="10.[151,1437,1955,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A0931DD32AB0901F80C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1955,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5A2A09305332AB099CF80C" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1962" box="[281,398,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A09305332AB099CF80C" box="[281,398,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">Stempfferia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5A2A0930BA32AB0A98F80C" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[496,650,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A0930BA32AB0A98F80C" box="[496,650,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. A, upperside; B, underside.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5A2A09355D32AB0C71F80C" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1047,1123,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A09355D32AB0C71F80C" box="[1047,1123,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CAR, Bookoro. C, upperside; D, underside.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5A2A09306F32CF0960F868" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[293,370,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5A2A09306F32CF0960F868" box="[293,370,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="564">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Cameroon, Dja River. E, upperside; F, underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B7EEAFA5B2A0831DD329F0A46F84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046862" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046862/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" startId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[206,1380,195,1902]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5B2A0831DD329F0A46F84F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A0831DD329F0901F818" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5B2A0830503290099DF807" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1962" box="[282,399,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A0830503290099DF807" box="[282,399,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">Stempfferia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5B2A08309432900A6BF807" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[478,633,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A08309432900A6BF807" box="[478,633,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, Sierra Leone, Gola Forest. A, upperside; B, underside.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5B2A083456329008A8F864" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A083456329008A8F864" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, Ivory Coast, Alépé. C, upperside; D, underside.
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A08325F32B40B7AF863" box="[789,872,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5B2A08325F32B40B76F863" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[789,868,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">S. zelza</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
Cameroon, Ebogo. E, upperside, F, underside.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5B2A08340332B40D84F863" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1353,1430,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5B2A08340332B40D84F863" box="[1353,1430,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="565">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CAR, Botambi. G, upperside; H, underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5C2A0F318D359E0A2DFC7E" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D359E0CA6FD8A" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D359E09AFFF06" bold="true" box="[199,445,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Description. Female.</emphasis>
Forewing length: ca.
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5C2A0F33FB359E0B11FF06" box="[689,771,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan: ca.
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5C2A0F32F8359F0C16FF06" box="[946,1028,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
.
<collectingRegion id="49D0E080FA5C2A0F3544359F0C5CFF06" box="[1038,1102,151,177]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Costa</collectingRegion>
and outer margin of forewing rounded, and lacking an acute apex, hindwing also rounded. Upperside ground colour of the forewing black, more blackish-grey on the hindwing. Basal half of both wings covered with a light, slightly iridescent blue patch, excluding a strip along the costa and the majority of space 1a on the hindwing. Outer edge of the forewing patch rather rounded, and well defined with slight blue diffusion. Hindwing’s blue diffusion fan-shaped or a segment of a circle, broadening from the base towards the margin. Its outer edge is strongly diffuse, powdered with tiny blue speckles (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F31EA346708E8FE3E" box="[160,250,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,464,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[151,1436,450,1929]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stempfferia females. S. michelliberti, holotype. A, upperside; B, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Bookoro. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Dja River. E, upperside; F, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The underside is chocolate-brown, with a lighter, quite inconspicuous, slightly undulating traverse band in the post-median of forewing, and two rows of chevrons in the sub-marginal area. A light, almost invisible median band is also present. The outer two-thirds of the hindwing has two light brown undulating transverse lines in the median and post-median, and two lines along the margin constituted by chevrons, similarly to the forewing (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F342534D308AEFDAE" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,464,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[151,1436,450,1929]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stempfferia females. S. michelliberti, holotype. A, upperside; B, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Bookoro. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Dja River. E, upperside; F, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046858/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). The body is blackish-grey above, chocolate brown below. The legs are ochreous, the eyes are black, bald. The antennae are black above, ringed with white below, their clubs are broken off on the
<typeStatus id="54AF90C0FA5C2A0F3500372B0CA2FD8A" box="[1098,1200,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D374F0C96FD1E" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D374F0919FDD6" bold="true" box="[199,267,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Male.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5C2A0F3091374E0A78FDD6" box="[475,618,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="16.25" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="16.0">16–16.5 mm</quantity>
(n=2). Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5C2A0F3274374F0BA9FDD6" box="[830,955,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="29.0">29–31 mm</quantity>
. Upperside bright metallic blue with black costa and large black apex on forewing and narrow black margin on hindwing (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F355537630CB2FD32" box="[1055,1184,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1380,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[188,1398,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stempfferia males. S. michelliberti, paratype, Sierra Leone, Gola Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. S. michelliberti, paratype, Ivory Coast, Alépé. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Ebogo. E, upperside, F, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Botambi. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046862/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Figs 8A, C</figureCitation>
). Underside chocolate brown with faint zig-zagging marginal and submarginal lines on both wings (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F32B237870C65FD1E" box="[1016,1143,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[206,1380,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[188,1398,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stempfferia males. S. michelliberti, paratype, Sierra Leone, Gola Forest. A, upperside; B, underside. S. michelliberti, paratype, Ivory Coast, Alépé. C, upperside; D, underside. S. zelza, Cameroon, Ebogo. E, upperside, F, underside. S. zelza, CAR, Botambi. G, upperside; H, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046862/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Figs 8B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D37BB0A10FC12" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D37BB0969FD7B" bold="true" box="[199,379,690,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Size and general structure of male genitalia like that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F354837BB0C4AFD7A" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1026,1112,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F354837BB0C4AFD7A" box="[1026,1112,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Coremata (removed) rather thick (d =
<quantity id="4CEC8387FA5C2A0F304537DF0978FD46" box="[271,362,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
). Uncus broad, its length half of that of valva. Tegumen squat. Sub-unci long and slender with upcurving tip. Subscaphium straight, slender, its length slightly shorter than length of subunci. Valva elongate but broad, ends in thumb-like protrusion. Dorsal edge slightly angled in middle, ventral one slightly curved inward in basal half. Saccus slender, longer than half the length of valva. Aedeagus strongly bent dorsally, broadest in basal half, narrows down to both tips. Anterior tip narrows down more acutely, while posterior end longer and narrows down more evenly (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F303C368309E6FC12" box="[374,500,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,260,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-59@13.[227,1359,234,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Stempfferia michelliberti, lateral view. A, S. michelliberti, paratype, Alépé, Ivory Coast, gen. prep. SAFI00107, (coremata removed); B, S. michelliberti, paratype, Guinea, Ziama Forest, gen. prep.: 739/2019/K. Florczyk, (coremata removed); C, S. zelza Ghana, Likpe Mate, gen. prep. SAFI00077 (coremata removed); D, S. zelza Cameroon, Bimbia Forest, gen. prep. SAFI00077 (with coremata)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046864/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Figs 9A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D36A70A2DFC7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,575,942,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D36A70981FC7F" bold="true" box="[199,403,942,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49D0E080FA5C2A0F30D036A709D6FC7E" box="[410,452,943,969]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Not</collectingRegion>
examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5C2A0F318D36DA0A43FB72" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D36DA0A43FB72" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D36DA09DDFC5B" bold="true" box="[199,463,978,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F330E36DB0AE2FC5A" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[580,752,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F330E36DB0AE2FC5A" box="[580,752,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F326036DB0B6DFC5A" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[810,895,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F326036DB0B6DFC5A" box="[810,895,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are most easily separated by their tone of blue, which is more vivid metallic in
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F30B736FF0ABAFBA6" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[509,680,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F30B736FF0ABAFBA6" box="[509,680,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly powdery in
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F328A36FF0C07FBA6" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[960,1045,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F328A36FF0C07FBA6" box="[960,1045,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The colour difference is best seen in natural light and is difficult to reproduce on photographs. The male genitalia do not provide safe identification of the taxa due to observed variation in the shape of valva. In females, the most easily definable diagnostic feature is the black cell-closing streak of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F335A316B0A76FBCA" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[528,612,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F335A316B0A76FBCA" box="[528,612,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is missing from the three known females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F35E6316B0D45FBCA" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[1196,1367,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F35E6316B0D45FBCA" box="[1196,1367,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is invariably present on the long series of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F331D318F0ABEFB16" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[599,684,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F331D318F0ABEFB16" box="[599,684,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females examined. The tone of blue on the pperside of wings also differs slightly but is difficult to define.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5C2A0F318D31C70D4DFACE" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D31C70D4DFACE" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D31C7095CFB5E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Etymology.</emphasis>
Anoun in a genitive case, formed directly from a modern personal name of masculine gender (Art. 31.1.2). The authors dedicate this species to Michel Libert renown expert of African
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F352331FB0CF9FABA" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1129,1259,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
, who has spent years studying
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F3009301F0987FA86" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[323,405,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Epitola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F3009301F0987FA86" box="[323,405,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Epitola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2534F0BFA5C2A0F30D7301F09ACFA86" box="[413,446,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
first in the field in
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F33D6301F0B06FA86" box="[668,788,1303,1329]" name="Cameroon" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, and later in collections all over the world. Michel Libert has most recently published the update of his revision (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F33BC30330B6FFAE2" author="Libert, M." box="[758,893,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert 2020</bibRefCitation>
) with descriptions of 25 new species and another 11 subspecies in addition to the 135 species and 23 subspecies he listed in the original revision (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F358330570D41FACE" author="Libert, M." box="[1225,1363,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10087" refString="Libert, M. (1999) Revision des genres Epitola Westwood, Hypophytala Clench et Stempfferia Jackson, et description de trois nouveaux genres (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi &amp; Lambillionea, Tervuren, 219 pp." type="book" year="1999">Libert 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5C2A0F318D308A0B5CFA2A" box="[199,846,1410,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D308A0B5CFA2A" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,846,1410,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D308A094BFA2B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1410,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F302D308B09A9FA2A" box="[359,443,1411,1437]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F308C308B0A5FFA2A" box="[454,589,1411,1437]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F3312308B0ABEFA2A" box="[600,684,1411,1437]" name="Liberia" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Liberia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F33FD308B0B58FA2A" box="[695,842,1411,1437]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E7DE9FA5C2A0E318D30AF0C89FF62" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D30AF0BFBF9C1" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D30AF0922FA76" bold="true" box="[199,304,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Remark.</emphasis>
The species was first found in
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F33DC30AF0B09FA76" box="[662,795,1447,1473]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
by Haydon Warren-Gash, who had the specimens in his collection as an underscribed subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F333130C30ADFFA52" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[635,717,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F333130C30ADFFA52" box="[635,717,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but he hesitated to describe it from the limited material, given its general similarity to
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F303530E709C0F9BE" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[383,466,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F303530E709C0F9BE" box="[383,466,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Afurther male specimen was collected by Claudio Belcastro in the Gola Forests (now Gola Rainforest National Park),
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F30B5331B0A80F99A" box="[511,658,1555,1581]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
. Sáfián obtained a single female at the foothills of the Liberian Nimba Mountains (Coldwater), he also noticed its difference from
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F3278333F0B94F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[818,902,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F3278333F0B94F9E6" box="[818,902,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F32B8333F0C92F9E6" author="Safian, Sz." box="[1010,1152,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10493" refString="Safian, Sz. (2014) Butterflies of the Nimba Mountains, Liberia. Report on the butterfly surveys (2013 - 2014) for ArcelorMittal, Liberia, 81 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / RG. 2.1.4005.2565" type="book" year="2014">Sáfián 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Two further males were collected in the Ziama Forest in
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F334833530A41F9C2" box="[514,595,1627,1653]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Guinea</collectingCountry>
more recently (
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F324933530BCEF9C1" author="Safian, Sz. &amp; Koyvogui, S. &amp; Simonics, G. &amp; Florczyk, K." box="[771,988,1627,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="104 - 128" refId="ref10769" refString="Safian, Sz., Koyvogui, S., Simonics, G. &amp; Florczyk, K. (2020 b) Butterfly diversity (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in the Ziama Massif in Guinea and the adjacent Wologizi and Wonegizi Mountains in Liberia (West Africa). A landscape conservation approach. Metamorphosis, 31 (1), 104 - 128." type="journal article" year="2020">
Sáfián
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F321933530B99F9C2" box="[851,907,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0F318D3377093BF89E" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
Specific division between the
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F335633770A77F92E" box="[540,613,1663,1689]" name="Ghana" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Ghana</collectingCountry>
subregion and the Liberian subregion is not common but nor it is unprecedented. One of the most recent examples in Epitolini appears in
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F32C233AB0C30F90A" author="Libert, M." box="[904,1058,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, who reinstated
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F359133AB0923F956" authority="(Kirby, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doleta">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F359133AB0D8EF90A" box="[1243,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Cephetola doleta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F31D533CF093BF956" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[159,297,1735,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="261 - 274" refId="ref9975" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1890) Descriptions of new species of African Lycaenidae chiefly from the collections of Dr. Staudinger and Mr. Henley Grose-Smith. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 261 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939008694032" type="journal article" year="1890">Kirby, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from synonymy, for the Liberian subregion populations formerly treated as
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F35D233CF08C9F8B2" authority="(Hewitson, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephena">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F35D233CF0D0AF956" box="[1176,1304,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">C. cephena</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F346233CF08C0F8B2" author="Hewitson" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="149 - 151" refId="ref9763" refString="Hewitson, (1873) Descriptions of six new species of Epitola from the west coast of Africa. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 10, 149 - 151." type="journal article" year="1873">Hewitson, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, while the
<collectingCountry id="F3036EF2FA5C2A0F301633E309B7F8B2" box="[348,421,1771,1797]" name="Ghana" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Ghana</collectingCountry>
subregion populations were assigned to a newly described taxon,
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F35EA33E30934F89E" authority="Libert, 2020" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Cephetola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="daveyi" subSpecies="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F35EA33E30D8EF8B2" box="[1184,1436,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">C. daveyi occidentalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F31DD32070934F89E" author="Libert, M." box="[151,294,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10131" refString="Libert, M. (2020) Mise a jour de la Revision des Epitola l. s. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Private publication, Cameroon, 157 pp., 10 colour pls." type="book" year="2020">Libert, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB2E62FA5C2A0E318D323B0C89FF62" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F318D323B09CDF8FA" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,479,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F318D323B09CDF8FA" box="[199,479,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Stempfferia michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F335C323B0A78F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[534,618,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelza">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F335C323B0A78F8FA" box="[534,618,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">S. zelza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show surprisingly similar distribution pattern (
<figureCitation id="132F32E7FA5C2A0F3536323B0CDCF8FA" box="[1148,1230,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Known localities of S. michelliberti and the western distribution of S. zelza." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5046868/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) with rather accurate overlap of the two with the postulated glacial forest refugia as discussed and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F35F7325F0D4AF8C5" author="Maley, J." box="[1213,1368,1879,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="519 - 535" refId="ref10169" refString="Maley, J. (1996) Le cadre paleoenvironnemental des refuges forestiers africains: quelques donnees et hypotheses. In: van der Maesen, L. J. G., van der Burgt, X. M. &amp; van Medenbach de Rooy, J. M. (Eds.), The Biodiversity of African Plants. Proceedings XIVth AETFAT Congress, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 22 - 27 August 1994, pp. 519 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 0285 - 5 _ 68" type="proceedings paper" year="1996">Maley (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F342E325F093DF821" author="Robbrecht, E" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="564 - 581" refId="ref10340" refString="Robbrecht, E (1996) Geography of African Rubiaceae with reference to glacial rain forest refuges. In: van der Maesen, L. J. G., van der Burgt, X. M. &amp; van Medenbach de Rooy, J. M. (Eds.), The Biodiversity of African Plants. Proceedings XIVth AETFAT Congress, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 22 - 27 August 1994, pp. 564 - 581. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 0285 - 5 _ 71" type="proceedings paper" year="1996">Robbrecht (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F302C32730A44F821" author="Van Rompaey, R. S. A. R." box="[358,598,1915,1942]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="624 - 628" refId="ref10906" refString="Van Rompaey, R. S. A. R. (1996) Rain forest refugia in Liberia. In: van der Maesen, L. J. G., van der Burgt, X. M. &amp; van Medenbach de Rooy, J. M. (Eds.), The Biodiversity of African Plants. Proceedings XIVth AETFAT Congress, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 22 - 27 August 1994, pp. 624 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 0285 - 5 _ 76" type="proceedings paper" year="1996">van Rompaey (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. These refugia form part of the Liberian subregion or serve as a secondary centre of distribution for several restricted-range taxa e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F326D32970C8EF80E" authority="(Stoll, 1780)" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[807,1180,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euriphene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veronica">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F326D32970C16F80F" box="[807,1028,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Euriphene veronica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F355E32970C87F80E" author="Stoll, C." box="[1044,1173,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="29 - 252" refId="ref10873" refString="Stoll, C. (1780 - 1782) Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America, Amsteldam and Utrecht, 4, 29 - 252." type="journal article" year="1780">Stoll, 1780</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F35E2329708C9F86A" authority="(Aurivillius, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euriphene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonis">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F35E232970D19F80E" box="[1192,1291,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">E. leonis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F3450329708C1F86A" author="Aurivillius, P. O. C." journalOrPublisher="Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="1 - 561" part="31" refId="ref9033" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1899) Rhopalocera Aethiopica. Die Tagfalter des aethiopischen Faunengebietes: eine Systematische-Geographische Studie. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 31 (5), 1 - 561." title="Rhopalocera Aethiopica. Die Tagfalter des aethiopischen Faunengebietes: eine Systematische-Geographische Studie" type="journal article" year="1899">Aurivillius, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F31AC32CB0AC3F86A" authority="Libert, 2002" authorityName="Libert" authorityYear="2002" box="[230,721,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dorothea" subSpecies="warrengashi">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F31AC32CB0A52F86A" box="[230,576,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Euptera dorothea warrengashi</emphasis>
Libert, 2002
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5C2A0F324D32CB0D32F86A" authority="Riley, 1925" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1925" box="[775,1312,1986,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crowleyi">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5C2A0F324D32CB0BE2F86A" box="[775,1008,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="566">Ceratrichia crowleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F32BD32CB0C6AF86A" author="Riley, N. D." box="[1015,1144,1986,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" pagination="405 - 416" refId="ref10302" refString="Riley, N. D. (1925) Notes on the genus Ceratrichia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 405 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932508633328" type="journal article" year="1925">Riley, 1925</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5C2A0F35CC32CB0D0AF86A" author="Larsen, T. B." box="[1158,1304,1986,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="566" refId="ref10060" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, 595 pp., 135 colour pls." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Alongside the observed morphological differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C1455E1FA5D2A0E3317359F0B15FF06" authorityName="Safian, Warren-Gash &amp; Belcastro" authorityYear="2021" box="[605,775,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Stempfferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michelliberti">
<emphasis id="B960F270FA5D2A0E3317359F0B15FF06" box="[605,775,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="567">S. michelliberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized and delineated on the basis of evolutionary criteria highlighting the extrinsic biogeographic barriers as defined in
<bibRefCitation id="EF855393FA5D2A0E329935B30C86FF62" author="de Queiroz, K." box="[979,1172,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="567" pagination="879 - 886" refId="ref9463" refString="de Queiroz, K. (2008) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology, 56 (6), 879 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150701701083" type="journal article" year="2008">de Queiroz, 2008</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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