294 lines
31 KiB
XML
294 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="60C3E2F1B98FFBC5BBF7D3CF53380326" ID-CLB-Dataset="8640" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fa031765-b474-48aa-9d7e-b62dd092cfa4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448697" ID-ZooBank="92ECCF97-7315-4A1A-A94A-537D0F331EBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611041096358" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skartveit, John & Wedmann, Sonja" docDate="2021" docId="035E87B2FFA0FF8FFF0235E6FEB7D027" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4909.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4909 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Penthetria nigra Statz. LACMIP 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF67FFCAFFB0FF9EFF953571FFBBD142" masterDocTitle="A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698924763774" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E02B740EAC1E35F4A7C7B3A7F2DD19CB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="89255BC91D1EE4241B923A09D212B264">
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<mods:title id="021DBC3BDB4BAEECD2B4FD106D8B4511">A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3989598971EAFE7821C7B6C7980B1750" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="300C6DB83425B42D0A6FC41CC3B9B103">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FF50EFBE20C9007D9D67698C350A5F0D">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="606A6FBBDF6126B80FF5A21BAACF2ED3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7614-3399</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="A4712EE27C7C58C4AD2241E0059BCC09" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3CE06C58177B98811E1AE0C96B243755">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0EE5538A7E53980045FD6577732CD954" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9778-4125</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="442100137C710F25B7BFB7C69709B59C" type="email">edmann@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4439733A1AD83DEC8DB5C3AD6E1A796E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8265D9CA068A074C0F2F6F55BD45A481">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="496A2422E2EFFEA2A209814A568088FF">
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<mods:date id="0E935A7DED3238CF3EEF94AFE4C49133">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3BE38128CF6071F4297D25A9C40C56B5">2021-01-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B842CB133AE880EDEA5B65C1AF80DFF8">4909</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7DF7968296E7300DD6EFCB2C6370E129" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D2996E3E27BC6791B38D5E268BC202CD">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="70FE87362824AE6DCD079527D6A5E972">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="5779FC31AD95F0D999932D892FE02A10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="035E87B2FFA0FF8FFF0235E6FEB7D027" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464942" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:035E87B2FFA0FF8FFF0235E6FEB7D027" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/035E87B2FFA0FF8FFF0235E6FEB7D027" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFFA0FF8EFF0235E6FCF0D1F3" box="[151,843,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF0235E6FCF0D1F3" blockId="16.[151,843,151,178]" box="[151,843,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D00081C8FFA0FF8EFF0235E6FCF0D1F3" bold="true" box="[151,843,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF0235E6FCF0D1F3" bold="true" box="[151,843,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA0FF8EFF0235E6FE54D1F3" ID-CoL="8D8LV" authority="Statz, 1943" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,495,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF0235E6FEE4D1F3" bold="true" box="[151,351,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Penthetria nigra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFA0FF8EFEF335E6FE54D1F3" author="Statz, G." box="[358,495,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref51587" refString="Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozan von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmucken). Palaeontographica, Series A, 95, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1943">Statz, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(figs. 11–12, 15, 95–99, 101)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE18D018" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE64D1B6" blockId="16.[151,500,220,277]" box="[151,479,220,244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABE7118AFFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE64D1B6" box="[151,479,220,244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A5610B5FFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE60D1B6" author="Statz, G." box="[151,475,220,244]" page="38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1943">
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<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE60D1B6" ID-CoL="8D8LV" authority="Statz 1943: 38" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,475,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF0235ADFE84D1B1" box="[151,319,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Penthetria nigra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFA0FF8EFED335ADFE60D1B6" author="Statz, G." box="[326,475,220,244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref51587" refString="Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozan von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmucken). Palaeontographica, Series A, 95, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1943">Statz 1943: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF02358BFE4FD050" blockId="16.[151,500,220,277]" box="[151,500,250,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABE7118AFFA0FF8EFF02358BFE4FD050" box="[151,500,250,277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA0FF8EFF02358BFEB9D050" ID-CoL="8YQLD" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,258,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF02358BFEB9D050" box="[151,258,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Penthetria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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♂ Nr. 1
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<treatmentCitation id="0A5610B5FFA0FF8EFECE358BFE4BD050" author="Statz, G." box="[347,496,250,274]" page="41" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF664B55FFA0FF8EFECE358BFE4BD050" author="Statz, G." box="[347,496,250,274]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref51587" refString="Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozan von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmucken). Palaeontographica, Series A, 95, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1943">Statz 1943: 41</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF023431FE18D018" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[151,419,320,347]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF023431FEB1D018" bold="true" box="[151,266,320,346]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Localities</emphasis>
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: Rott, Enspel
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFFA0FF8EFF523415FDFAD314" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523415FB67D0E1" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF523415FE10D03C" bold="true" box="[199,427,356,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="544C8806FFA0FF8EFE293415FD9CD03C" box="[444,551,356,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, female, LACMIP 2533.232 / LACMIP Type 3382 (part and counterpart, fig. 11). Likely male LACMIP 2533.246/LACMIP Type 3376 (fig. 12, =
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<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA0FF8EFC0034F9FBB0D0E0" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[917,1035,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFC0034F9FBB0D0E0" box="[917,1035,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Penthetria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 sensu Statz).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5234DDFDFAD314" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Additional material, females: LACMIP 41997.111ab, GDKE PE 2015 5141; male: LACMIP 2533.1260ab; isolated wings: GDKE PE 1995 6383, PE 2016 5128. The specimen GDKE PE 2015 5141 includes one wing, thorax, parts of head including antenna, and femur and tibia of two detached legs, presumably mid- and hind leg. The abdomen is not preserved, but the head shows the specimen is a female. Given their size and width the isolated wings probably belong to female specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFFA0FF8EFF523711FD6FD6C8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523711FEE1D339" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,346,608,635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF523711FEEAD338" bold="true" box="[199,337,608,634]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5237F5FD99D3DD" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,546,644,671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female (N=3, figs. 11, 95, 99):</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5237D9FB9CD380" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,1063,680,707]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Total length
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEC137D8FE03D381" box="[340,440,681,707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
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(N=1). Brownish-black, probably entirely black in life.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5237BDFE53D26C" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Head: Length
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEF037BDFE57D3A5" box="[357,492,716,743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.5 mm</quantity>
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(N=2). Black, rather small (partly covered by legs). Complex eye rounded, relatively small. Ocellar triangle quite small, not prominent. Antenna slender, flagellum
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFB993780FB0BD249" box="[1036,1200,753,779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.825" valueMax="0.87" valueMin="0.78">0.78–0.87 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFB6C3780FA26D249" box="[1273,1437,753,779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.175" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.18 mm</quantity>
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wide (N=2), eight-segmented.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523649FC1AD210" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,929,824,851]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Thorax: Length
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEE83648FE68D211" box="[381,467,825,851]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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(N=1). Black, rather short, haltere black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF52362CFC43D2FC" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Legs: black, slender, hind tibia with fine, sharp spur. Fore femur
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFC27362CFBB1D235" box="[946,1034,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFBC1362CFB01D235" box="[1108,1210,861,887]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
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wide, fore tibia
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFAEC362DFF78D2D9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFE9936F0FECAD2D9" box="[268,369,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
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wide, hind femur 2.9–3.0 mm long (N=2),
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFCF436F0FC7DD2D9" box="[865,966,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
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wide (N=2), hind tibia
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFB4636F0FAE7D2D9" box="[1235,1372,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="3.3499999999999996" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.4 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFF0236D4FE81D2FD" box="[151,314,933,959]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.30 mm</quantity>
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wide (N=2), hind first tarsomere
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD2636D4FCB2D2FD" box="[691,777,933,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFCDA36D4FC08D2FD" box="[847,947,933,959]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
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wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5236B9FC87D5D5" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation id="3B9F3CF9FFA0FF8EFF5236B9FC8CD5D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026467302" location="Subcosta straight" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Coast">
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Wing (fig. 95, 101): Lenght
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<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD9036B9FD27D2A1" box="[517,668,968,995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="10.15" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="9.8">9.8–10.5 mm</quantity>
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, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD7A36B9FCC2D2A1" box="[751,889,968,995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length/width = 2.8–3.2 (N=4), blackish fumose, anterior third darkened. Pterostigma small, oval, blackish, not very prominent. Humeral vein present, fine.
|
||
<location id="8E28607FFFA0FF8EFAA2369DFF55D568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:035E87B2FFA0FF8FFF0235E6FEB7D027:8E28607FFFA0FF8EFAA2369DFF55D568" name="Subcosta straight" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="West Coast">Subcosta straight</location>
|
||
, not very prominent.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4933F846FFA0FF8EFE4F3160FDA1D569" box="[474,538,1041,1067]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
extends to apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFC963152FCA7D573" attach="left" box="[771,796,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4+5</subScript>
|
||
. R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFCA93152FCEED573" attach="left" box="[828,853,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2+3</subScript>
|
||
long, horizontal, nearly straight, basally gently bent. R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFF3F3136FF7FD517" attach="left" box="[170,196,1095,1109]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4+5</subScript>
|
||
gently, evenly curved. R-M vertical. Fork of M with short stem (beyond R-M). M-veins apically slightly curved basad. CuA-veins rather strong, CuA
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFDAB311AFDFDD53B" attach="left" box="[574,582,1131,1145]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
apically bent basad. CuP close to CuA, straight, rather strong but does not reach wing margin. Vein measurements are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C675031FFFA0FF8EFD77310DFC8CD5D5" box="[738,823,1148,1175]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1088,1114]" captionText="TABLE 3. Wing vein measurements, genus Penthetria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5231D1FB59D5F8" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,1250,1184,1211]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Abdomen (fig. 99): Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFE6831D1FDEED5F9" box="[509,597,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD3D31D0FCBAD5F9" box="[680,769,1185,1211]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Black, gently tapering. Cerci rather small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5231B5FC89D59D" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,818,1220,1247]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male (provisionally associated) (N=2, figs. 12, 96–98):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523199FD8FD441" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,564,1256,1283]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Total length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEC13199FE52D441" box="[340,489,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="9.1">9.1–10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF52307DFB13D4D0" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Head (fig. 97): Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFE52307CFDD2D465" box="[455,617,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.14" valueMax="1.19" valueMin="1.09">1.09–1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=2), width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFC92307DFCD1D465" box="[775,874,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=1), black, rounded, ocellar triangle prominent. Apparently dichoptic, with complex eyes above separated by a distance about equal to width of ocellar triangle (this is not entirely clear in the specimens at hand). Antenna slender, flagellum
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFC5B3025FBCAD42D" box="[974,1137,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="5.699999999999999" metricValueMin="5.6000000000000005" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.565" valueMax="0.57" valueMin="0.56">0.56–0.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFB233024FAE2D42D" box="[1206,1369,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, cylindrical, 8-segmented, last segment conical. Palpus not visible in the specimens available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5230EDFE81D498" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Thorax: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEEE30ECFE6BD4F5" box="[379,464,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=1). In dorsal view rather long and narrow (possibly a taphonomical artefact). Black, haltere brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523094FD60D729" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Legs: Fore and mid femora pale with apical third black, hind femur pale with black tip, fore and mid tibiae and all tarsi black, hind tibia pale with black tip. Fore femur length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFCC83379FC5DD761" box="[861,998,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFBAC3378FB65D761" box="[1081,1246,1545,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.32">0.32–0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, fore tibia length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFF02335DFE9BD705" box="[151,288,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEE7335CFE6CD705" box="[370,471,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
, fore first tarsomere length 1.0 mm, hind femur length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFBA8335CFB2ED705" box="[1085,1173,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFB72335DFAF1D705" box="[1255,1354,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=1), hind tibia length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFEC33321FE64D729" box="[342,479,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFDA43321FD6CD729" box="[561,727,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.23" valueMax="0.26" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523305FB14D65D" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Wing (fig. 96): Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFE423305FDD9D7CD" box="[471,610,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="7.7" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="6.6">6.6–8.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD7E3304FCFED7CD" box="[747,837,1653,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length/width = 3.3–3.4, blackish fumose, relatively narrow. Humeral vein present. Subcosta running close to R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFCBA33DAFC87D7FB" attach="left" box="[815,828,1707,1721]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1,</subScript>
|
||
obvious only apically. Pterostigma dark brown, rather broad.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4933F846FFA0FF8EFF7333CCFE9DD795" box="[230,294,1725,1751]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
extends a little beyond apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFD3133BEFD05D79F" attach="left" box="[676,702,1743,1757]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4+5</subScript>
|
||
. R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFD4A33BEFD43D79F" attach="left" box="[735,760,1743,1757]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2+3</subScript>
|
||
long, horizontal, straight, basally gently curved. R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFAAD33BEFAE9D79F" attach="left" box="[1336,1362,1743,1757]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4+5</subScript>
|
||
gently curved. R-M clearly oblique. M-veins fine, apically gently curved basad. CuA
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFC6D3382FBBBD643" attach="left" box="[1016,1024,1779,1793]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
rather straight, CuA
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA0FF8EFB763382FB50D643" attach="left" box="[1251,1259,1779,1793]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
apically curved basad, CuP runs close to CuA, reaches wing margin. Vein measurements are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C675031FFFA0FF8EFBC03275FB11D65D" box="[1109,1194,1796,1823]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1088,1114]" captionText="TABLE 3. Wing vein measurements, genus Penthetria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF523259FB83D600" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,1080,1832,1859]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Abdomen: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFE0E3259FD9FD601" box="[411,548,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="7.9" valueMin="5.6">5.6–7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width 1.0 mm (N=1), blackish-brown, slender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF52323DFD6FD6C8" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Terminalia (fig. 98): Hypopygium width
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFD05323CFD48D625" box="[656,755,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=1). Gonostylus
|
||
<quantity id="4C0F9B41FFA0FF8EFC44323CFB8FD625" box="[977,1076,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (N=1), robust, curved, apically pointed. Epandrium apparently dome-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3ED652FFFA0FF8FFF5232E5FEB7D027" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8EFF5232E5FEF6D6ED" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" box="[199,333,1940,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFF5232E5FEFED6EC" bold="true" box="[199,325,1940,1966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4836A4FFA0FF8FFF5232C9FEB7D027" blockId="16.[151,1437,320,2039]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The male appears to have a dichoptic head (as seen in specimen LACMIP 2533.1260), with complex eyes not meeting in frons. This trait would suggest placing the male specimens in genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA0FF8EFBA732ACFB01D6B4" box="[1074,1210,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA0FF8EFBA732ACFB0ED6B4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1848" box="[1074,1205,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperinidae" genus="Hesperinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, the short antenna and the straight R
|
||
<subScript id="177334E1FFA1FF8FFE5C35D8FE58D1F5" attach="left" box="[457,483,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4+5</subScript>
|
||
point to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA1FF8FFD5C35E6FC84D1F3" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[713,831,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA1FF8FFD5C35E6FC84D1F3" box="[713,831,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Penthetria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recent species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA1FF8FFBA535E6FAD6D1F3" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1072,1389,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA1FF8FFBA535E6FAB6D1F3" box="[1072,1293,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Penthetria funebris</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dichoptic head in the male, though in this case this trait is associated with brachyptery, whereas the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA1FF8FFAB335CAFF6FD1BA" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA1FF8FFAB335CAFF6FD1BA" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Penthetria nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male has normally developed wings. The specimens from Enspel are very fragmentary including one thorax, one partly preserved head, two legs and one partly preserved wing, in addition to two isolated wings. However, the characters that can be observed in these specimens do not differ appreciably from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF74D27FFA1FF8FFBF03456FA9BD002" authorityName="Statz. LACMIP" authorityYear="1943" box="[1125,1312,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthetria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B983EAB6FFA1FF8FFBF03456FA9BD002" box="[1125,1312,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Penthetria nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from Rott.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |