treatments-xml/data/C2/83/17/C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3053a769-23d9-4bdd-a263-2a906fa71fa0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-87-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811327" ID-ZooBank="AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-87-5" checkinTime="1640348344306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R. &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2021" docId="C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 87: 5-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87" docPubDate="2021-12-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" docTitle="Synopeas luli Awad 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0E4B9ECA-F719-49AB-8983-2BBBBE8553FB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1678757023542" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Awad, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-4016</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart. Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jessica.awad@smns-bw.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bremer, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butterill, Philip T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>th &amp; St, Gainesville FL 32608, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>5</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-87-5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5811327</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191737822" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0E4B9ECA-F719-49AB-8983-2BBBBE8553FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0E4B9ECA-F719-49AB-8983-2BBBBE8553FB" authority="Awad" authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas luli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luli" status="sp. nov.">Synopeas luli Awad</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Body length 1.1-1.3 mm. Body color: black; dark brown. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent; partial; impressed. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: equal to lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced; medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly weak. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter; approximately 1 ocellar diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally, smooth band anterior to tegula. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1/4 to 1/2. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: angled posterodorsally. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint; marked by absence of sculpture. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: broad and rounded; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811383" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625621" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas luli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas luli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
lateral habitus (male paratype; FSCA 00000334) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
dorsal habitus (male paratype; FSCA 00000334) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus (female holotype; FSCA 00090412).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Microsculpture of S2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T2: absent. Length of T2: shorter than mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Wing.</emphasis>
Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: moderately dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: setose distally, glabrous proximally; densely setose distally, sparsely setose proximally. Forewing marginal setae: approximately uniform in length on anterior and posterior margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas luli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas luli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine that is angled upward, and a weak but complete hyperoccipital carina. It resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kiki" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kiki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may be distinguished by the presence of a partial central keel on the frons and by the mesoscutellar spine, which is posterodorsally angled in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. luli" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="luli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. luli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and posteriorly angled in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kiki" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kiki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The forewing of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. luli" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="luli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. luli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has setae of approximately equal length around the wing margin, while in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kiki" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kiki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kiki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the setae are distinctly longer on the posterior margin (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Forewing of Synopeas A S. butterilli (FSCA 00090264) B S. kiki (FSCA 00090410) C S. roncavei (FSCA 00094606) D S. luli (FSCA 00094549). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625595" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">The central keel is variable in this species. It can be absent, or present ventrally within a shallow longitudinal depression.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
The epithet &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas luli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luli">Synopeas luli</taxonomicName>
&quot; is Numbani for 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“thorn”">&quot;thorn&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, B" editor="Ross, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Linguistics, Canberra" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" pagination="85 - 128" refId="B8" refString="Evans, B, 2008. Parts of plants. In: Ross, M, Pawley, A, Osmond, M, Eds., The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic Volume 3: Plants. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra: 85 - 128" title="Parts of plants." volumeTitle="The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic Volume 3: Plants." year="2008">Evans 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and refers to the shape of the mesoscutellar spine. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="plant associations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Plant associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
Reared from galls on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL236] and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piper macropiper" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropiper">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Piper macropiper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL307].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-10-22" collectorName="Philip Butterill" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" location="Yawan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:8C5CFF1A7876CE1D22C6F7D560B2B4C7" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.14141" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-6.14141">6.14141°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="146.87415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="146.87415">146.87415°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-10-22">22.X.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Philip Butterill</collectorName>
leg., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090412)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-09-22" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:67B592E5F5CFBBFC57766D5D70223E23" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-09-22">22.IX.2010</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090427, 00090437-00090438, 00094466-00094470)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-11-03" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:DF7C4140B88F8832D4FC4AF7246D3FEE" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-11-03">03.XI.2010</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piper macropiper" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropiper">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Piper macropiper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090426, 00090429, 00094482-00094484)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-03-30" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:D1C7BDD5095FCB36E9B6752CF51DE75D" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-03-30">30.III.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090440)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-14" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:BD1697E50F61BFA716DEF72442C87E5D" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-06-14">14.VI.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090439)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-10-22" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C283177CEF225C69A05862A387D71FDC:20DB053AD9C0C59879C2FA12E6BD4CB4" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-10-22">22.X.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neuburgia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neuburgia corynocarpa" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corynocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Neuburgia corynocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00094524-00094528, 00094548-00094549, 00000332-00000335)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>