treatments-xml/data/BF/BA/F4/BFBAF410AB74038808582DCF82AA28C2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.716.13724" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22d11530-4140-4a3a-9125-29fbd1b670ef" ID-PMC="PMC5740421" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-716-43" ID-PubMed="29290707" ID-ZBK="C4763F6310DD493889D26A45E9E5819E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-716-43" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 716" ModsDocTitle="New records of helminths of Sceloporuspyrocephalus Cope (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae) from Guerrero and Michoacán, Mexico, with the description of a new species of Thubunaea Seurat, 1914 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae)" checkinTime="1511598168983" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oca, Edgar Uriel Garduno-Montes de, Lopez-Caballero, Jorge D. &amp; Mata-Lopez, Rosario" docDate="2017" docId="BFBAF410AB74038808582DCF82AA28C2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 716: 43-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 716" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.716.13724" docTitle="Thubunaea leonregagnonae Oca, Lopez-Caballero &amp; Mata-Lopez, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E2747F2B-1083-45B4-876C-D83E13A9F3AA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="D345CA48FF9DFFFE34301A4EFFADFFF0" masterDocTitle="New records of helminths of Sceloporuspyrocephalus Cope (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae) from Guerrero and Michoacan, Mexico, with the description of a new species of Thubunaea Seurat, 1914 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668165136185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New records of helminths of Sceloporuspyrocephalus Cope (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae) from Guerrero and Michoacan, Mexico, with the description of a new species of Thubunaea Seurat, 1914 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oca, Edgar Uriel Garduno-Montes de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lopez-Caballero, Jorge D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mata-Lopez, Rosario</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>716</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.716.13724</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.716.13724</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-716-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C4763F6310DD493889D26A45E9E5819E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C4763F6310DD493889D26A45E9E5819E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137567115" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2747F2B-1083-45B4-876C-D83E13A9F3AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BFBAF410AB74038808582DCF82AA28C2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E2747F2B-1083-45B4-876C-D83E13A9F3AA" class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Spirurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
; 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Sceloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sceloporus pyrocephalus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrocephalus">Sceloporus pyrocephalus</taxonomicName>
Cope (
<taxonomicName lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName family="Phrynosomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Phrynosomatidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="symbiotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Symbiotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">MZFC-HE 18345</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Los Pocitos, La Huacana, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.673388">18°40'24.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-101.99513">101°59'42.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
). Collected on July 7, 2005.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="site in host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Site in host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Stomach.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="prevalence and intensity of infection">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Prevalence and intensity of infection.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">23% (14 of 61 hosts examined), with a mean intensity of 11 (7-67).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Holotype: CNHE 9426 (1 male); allotype: CNHE 9427 (1 female); paratypes CNHE 9428, 9429, 9430 and 9431 (9 females and 7 males).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
This species is named in honour of Virginia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León-Règagnon">Leon-Regagnon</normalizedToken>
(Instituto de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biología">Biologia</normalizedToken>
, UNAM), who was the mentor of the authors of this paper, and for her valuable contribution to our knowledge of helminth parasites in Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">General description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Medium-sized nematodes, filiform body, cuticle with fine transverse striations along entire body. Males smaller than females. Round cephal 
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="44" start="start">ic</pageBreakToken>
plate in both sexes (Figs 1B, 2B). Deirids symmetrical, simple with rounded tip (Fig. 2A, C), located immediately posterior to nerve ring. Mouth with two round and simple lateral lips, each with three small teeth on its internal surface; each lip bears a lateral amphid, and a pair of sub-median papillae (Figs 1B, 2B). Pharynx short, cylindrical, opening into oesophagus. Oesophagus divided into anterior muscular portion and posterior glandular portion. Excretory pore in anterior region of body, posterior to nerve ring and located at level of division of muscular and glandular oesophagus. Posterior end conical and rounded in both sexes (Figs 1F, H, 2D, F).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A Anterior end, female, lateral view B Apical view, female C Anterior end, female, lateral view showing excretory pore and vulva D Embryonated egg, lateral view E Larvated egg, lateral view F Caudal end, male, ventral view G Caudal end, male, lateral view, caudal papillae and ornamentation not shown H Caudal end, female, lateral view. Scale bars: A 90 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; C 370 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; D 25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E 30µm; F 250 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; G 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; H 370 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Description of male (based on eight specimens; the number of measurements, where different from eight, is given in parentheses): Total body length (MTBL) 4.85-8.03 mm (6.19), width at mid-body 200-300 (243). Deirids 150-185 (166; n = 7) from anterior end. Nerve ring and excretory pore 100-168 (125) and 125-295 (179, n = 6) from anterior end, respectively. Pharynx length 23-45 (33). Oesophagus total length 613-1038 (800, n = 7), muscular portion length 108-170 (128, n = 7), glandular portion length 488-913 (671, n = 7). Ratio oesophagus total length: MTBL 0.1-0.16 (0.13, n = 7). Testis elongated, distributed in zigzag from anterior intestinal portion to posterior region, near cloaca. Caudal alae well developed, bearing ventrally numerous papilliform plates. Cloaca surrounded by numerous papillae (24-28), 11-14 sessile papillae and 10-16 pedunculate papillae distributed asymmetrically in the following arrangement: ventrolateral: 4-8 pedunculate on right, 6-9 pedunculate on left side; ventral, sessile: 5-8 on right and 4-8 on left side (Figs 1F, 2E, F). Number and disposition of papillae variable with respect to cloaca, thus, precloacal, paracloacal, and postcloacal positions not established. Spicules and gubernaculum absent. Tail 50-67 (59, n = 6) long.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Description of female (based on ten gravid specimens; the number of measurements, where different from ten, is given in parentheses): Total body length (FTBL) 8.72-21.46 mm (14.61), width at mid-body 270-440 (349). Deirids 125-250 (173, n = 8) from anterior end. Nerve ring and excretory pore 100-188 (147, n = 8) and 193-343 (256, n = 6) from anterior end, respectively. Pharynx length 30-58 (41, n = 9). Oesophagus total length 853-1500 (1227, n = 7); muscular portion length 125-325 (220, n = 8), glandular portion length 703-1220 (996, n = 7); ratio oesophagus total length:FTBL 0.1-0.16 (0.14, n = 7). Didelphic, opisthodelphic, ovaries distributed in posterior region of body, uteri extended parallel along almost entire body. Vagina muscular, directed posteriorly, located in anterior region of body close to anterior end of intestine, vulva at 1130-2570 (1770) from anterior end (Fig. 1C). Ratio distance vulva to anterior end of body: FTBL 0.11-0.13 (0.12). Tail 25-30 (27, n = 8) long. Embryonated eggs occupying almost entire uterus, thick shelled with smooth surface, 39-44 (41, n = 15) long by 29-33 (31, n = 15) wide (Fig. 1D); larvated eggs located near vulva, 45-50 (48, n = 15) long by 38-40 (39, n = 15) wide (Fig. 1E).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
The family 
<taxonomicName family="Physalopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="family">Physalopteridae</taxonomicName>
is composed of three subfamilies: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thubunaeinae">Thubunaeinae</taxonomicName>
Sobolev, 1949, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Proleptinae">Proleptinae</taxonomicName>
Schulz, 1927 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Physalopterinae">Physalopterinae</taxonomicName>
Railliet, 1893 (
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Chabaud 1975</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thubunaeinae">Thubunaeinae</taxonomicName>
comprises two genera 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Physalopteroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Physalopteroides" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Physalopteroides</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Liu, 1940, both of which are parasites of reptiles and are characterized by the absence of a cephalic ring, the presence of numerous caudal papillae, and an ornamented 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="45" start="start">cuticle</pageBreakToken>
forming papillary plates distributed on the surface of the cauda in males (
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Chabaud 1975</bibRefCitation>
). These two genera differ from each other mainly by the symmetry of their cephalic structures; in 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
these structures are symmetrical, while they are asymmetrical in 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Physalopteroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Physalopteroides" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Physalopteroides</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Chabaud 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Some authors, for example 
<bibRefCitation author="Moravec, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="240 - 247" title="Thubunaeactenosauri sp. n. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the iguanid lizard Ctenosaurapectinata and other lizard helminths from Mexico." url="http://bionames.org/bionames-archive/issn/1049-233X/64/240.pdf" volume="64" year="1997">Moravec et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, considered that the morphological features of 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Physalopteroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Physalopteroides" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Physalopteroides</taxonomicName>
have rarely been analysed using techniques such as SEM, and that these observations could provide detailed information to assess the validity of these two genera. However, to the best of our knowledge, SEM studies are still scarce in both genera, being available for only three species of 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Moravec, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="240 - 247" title="Thubunaeactenosauri sp. n. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the iguanid lizard Ctenosaurapectinata and other lizard helminths from Mexico." url="http://bionames.org/bionames-archive/issn/1049-233X/64/240.pdf" volume="64" year="1997">Moravec et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Pazoki, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="259 - 270" title="New species of Spauligodon Skrjabin, Schikhobalova &amp; Lagodovskaja, 1960 and Thubunea Seurat, 1914 (Nematoda) from the gastro-intestinal tract of lizards in Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9527-y" volume="89" year="2014">Pazoki and Rahimian 2014</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ramallo, G" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology Research" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="293 - 297" title="Thubunaeaeleodori sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Liolaemuseleodori (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5290-0" volume="16" year="2016">Ramallo et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and two species for 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Physalopteroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Physalopteroides" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Physalopteroides</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Elwasila, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="121 - 125" title="Physalopteroidestarentolae n. sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the gecko Tarentolaannularis in the Sudan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009989" volume="15" year="1990">Elwasila 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Goswami, U" journalOrPublisher="Helminthologia" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" pagination="165 - 171" title="Molecular and ultrastructure characterization of two nematodes (Thelandrosscleratus and Physalopteroidesdactyluris) based on ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0013" volume="53" year="2016">Goswami et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens described in the present study show a symmetrical cephalic structure, as in 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Currently, 20 species of 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
are considered as valid: one in the Afrotropical region, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. fitzsimonsi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fitzsimonsi">T. fitzsimonsi</taxonomicName>
Ortlepp, 1931; five in the Nearctic region, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cnemidophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cnemidophorus">T. cnemidophorus</taxonomicName>
Babero &amp; Matthias, 1967, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ctenosauri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ctenosauri">T. ctenosauri</taxonomicName>
Moravec, Salgado-Maldonado &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayen-Peña">Mayen-Pena</normalizedToken>
, 1997, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. iguanae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="iguanae">T. iguanae</taxonomicName>
Telford, 1965, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. intestinalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="intestinalis">T. intestinalis</taxonomicName>
Bursey &amp; Goldberg, 1991 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leiolopismae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="leiolopismae">T. leiolopismae</taxonomicName>
Harwood, 1932; two in the Neotropics, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. parkeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="parkeri">T. parkeri</taxonomicName>
Baylis, 1926, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
Ramallo, Goldberg, Bursey, Castillo &amp; Acosta, 2016; six in the Oriental region, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. aurangabadensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="aurangabadensis">T. aurangabadensis</taxonomicName>
Deshmukh, 1969, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. brooki" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="brooki">T. brooki</taxonomicName>
Deshmukh, 1969, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. hemidactylae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="hemidactylae">T. hemidactylae</taxonomicName>
Oshmarin &amp; Demshin, 1972, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mirzai" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mirzai">T. mirzai</taxonomicName>
Narayan, 1941, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. singhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="singhi">T. singhi</taxonomicName>
Deshmukh, 1969, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. syedi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="syedi">T. syedi</taxonomicName>
Deshmukh, 1969; two in the Palearctic region, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. schukurovi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="schukurovi">T. schukurovi</taxonomicName>
Annaev, 1973 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. smogorzhewskii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="smogorzhewskii">T. smogorzhewskii</taxonomicName>
Sharpilo, 1966; and four species in the Saharo-Arabian region, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. baylisi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="baylisi">T. baylisi</taxonomicName>
Akhtar, 1939, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dessetae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dessetae">T. dessetae</taxonomicName>
Barus &amp; Tenora, 1976, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mobedii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mobedii">T. mobedii</taxonomicName>
Pazoki &amp; Rahimian, 2014 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pudica" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="pudica">T. pudica</taxonomicName>
Chabaud &amp; Golvan, 1957 (
<bibRefCitation author="Ramallo, G" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology Research" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="293 - 297" title="Thubunaeaeleodori sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Liolaemuseleodori (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5290-0" volume="16" year="2016">Ramallo et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Six of these species lack spicules, as is the case in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leonregagnonae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">T. leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n.: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cnemidophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cnemidophorus">T. cnemidophorus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. fitzsimonsi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fitzsimonsi">T. fitzsimonsi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mobedii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mobedii">T. mobedii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. parkeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="parkeri">T. parkeri</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. schukurovi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="schukurovi">T. schukurovi</taxonomicName>
(Table 3). Males of four of these species (
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. fitzsimonsi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fitzsimonsi">T. fitzsimonsi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. parkeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="parkeri">T. parkeri</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mobedii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mobedii">T. mobedii</taxonomicName>
) are larger in body length than 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leonregagnonae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">T. leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (10.25-11.16, 8.5-9, 10.5, 11.4-15.4 vs 4.85-8.03 mm, respectively). In the number of papillae, pedunculate or sessile, the new species also differs from most of these six species. 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. has 10-16 pedunculate papillae and 11-14 sessile papillae, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mobedii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mobedii">T. mobedii</taxonomicName>
does not have pedunculate papillae; in contrast, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. fitzsimonsi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fitzsimonsi">T. fitzsimonsi</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. parkeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="parkeri">T. parkeri</taxonomicName>
lack sessile papillae, and in this latter species the number of caudal papillae is smaller (16-20) than in the present specimens (24-28) (Table 3). 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is most similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cnemidophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cnemidophorus">T. cnemidophorus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. schukurovi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="schukurovi">T. schukurovi</taxonomicName>
, however, it can be distinguished from the last two species in the number of sessile papillae: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
has ten and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. schukurovi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="schukurovi">T. schukurovi</taxonomicName>
has 16, instead of 11-14 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leonregagnonae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">T. leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Males of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leonregagnonae" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">T. leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cnemidophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cnemidophorus">T. cnemidophorus</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated mainly by having a different oesophagus length/MTBL ratio (0.1-0.16 vs 0.26) and by the former having a smaller body width (200-300 vs 350-390).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs. A Anterior end, male, lateral view showing deirid (D) B Apical view, female, showing sub-median papillae (P) and amphids (A) C Deirid, lateral view D Posterior end, female, ventrolateral view E Posterior end, male, ventral view F Caudal end, male, ventral view. Scale bars: A 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; C 2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; D 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; F 50 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Table 3. Morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Thubunaea</taxonomicName>
spp. lacking spicules in males. Measurements in micrometres, unless otherwise indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cnemidophorus" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="cnemidophorus">T. cnemidophorus</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. eleodori" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="eleodori">T. eleodori</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. fitzsimonsi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fitzsimonsi">T. fitzsimonsi</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mobedii" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="mobedii">T. mobedii</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. parkeri" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="parkeri">T. parkeri</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. schukurovi" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="schukurovi">T. schukurovi</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Thubunaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thubunaea leonregagnonae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="leonregagnonae">Thubunaea leonregagnonae</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Babero, BB" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="173 - 177" title="Thubunaeacnemidophorus n. sp., and other helminths from lizards, Cnemidophorustigris, in Nevada and Arizona." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3224688" volume="86" year="1967">Babero and Matthias (1967)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ramallo, G" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology Research" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="293 - 297" title="Thubunaeaeleodori sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Liolaemuseleodori (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5290-0" volume="16" year="2016">Ramallo et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ortlepp, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="128 - 131" title="Thubunaeafitzsimonsi sp. n., a fourth species of the genus Thubunaea Seurat, 1914." url="https://journals.co.za/content/savet/2/2/AJA00382809_2117" volume="2" year="1931">Ortlepp (1931)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Pazoki, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="259 - 270" title="New species of Spauligodon Skrjabin, Schikhobalova &amp; Lagodovskaja, 1960 and Thubunea Seurat, 1914 (Nematoda) from the gastro-intestinal tract of lizards in Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9527-y" volume="89" year="2014">Pazoki and Rahimian (2014)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Baylis, HA" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="361 - 364" title="On a new species of the nematode genus Thubunaea." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932608633527" volume="17" year="1926">Baylis (1926)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Annaev, D" journalOrPublisher="Izvestia Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="72 - 75" title="Thubunaeaschukurovi n. sp. (Physalopteridae, Nematoda) from lizards in Turkmenia." volume="1" year="1973">Annaev (1973)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Aspidoscelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspidoscelis tigris" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigris">Aspidoscelis tigris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Teiidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Teiidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liolaemus eleodori" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eleodori">Liolaemus eleodori</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Liolaemidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Liolaemidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Meroles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroles squamulosus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="squamulosus">Meroles squamulosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Lacertidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Lacertidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Laudakia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laudakia nupta" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nupta" subSpecies="nupta">Laudakia nupta nupta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Agamidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Agamidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Microlophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microlophus occipitalis" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">Microlophus occipitalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Tropiduridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Tropiduridae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ablepharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ablepharus deserti" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deserti">Ablepharus deserti</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Scincidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Sceloporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sceloporus pyrocephalus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrocephalus">Sceloporus pyrocephalus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName family="Phrynosomatidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Phrynosomatidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">MTBL</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">MTBW</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">PP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">SP</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">OEMTBL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rowspan="1">†</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>