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345 lines
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="25" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="5" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFE1B419FEEF9FBFF879FDD4" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Ornithomimosauria Barsbold 1976" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1663160796219" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5123234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5123234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFE1B419FEEF9FBFF879FDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFE1B419FEEF9FBFF879FDD4" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection box="[282,902,463,499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2053,463,764]" box="[282,902,463,499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<heading box="[282,902,463,499]" fontSize="13" level="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[282,883,463,499]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithomimosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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Ornithomimosauria
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[624,883,463,499]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="685 - 688" part="226" refId="ref128157" refString="------ 1976 ". A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 226, 685 - 688. [In Russian]." title="A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1976">Barsbold, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[884,902,463,499]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">a</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2053,463,764]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis box="[280,879,520,554]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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Included taxa.
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<taxonomicName authority="Osmolska and Roniewicz, 1969" authorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" authorityYear="1969" box="[525,1407,520,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirificus">Deinocheirus mirificus Osmólska and Roniewicz, 1969</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1981" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1981" box="[1434,2047,520,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Garudimimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
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<emphasis box="[1434,1786,520,554]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Garudimimus brevipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[1805,2047,520,554]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="28 - 39" part="15" refId="ref128340" refString="------ 1981. oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy, 15, 28 - 39. [In Russian]." title="oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1981">Barsbold, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold and Perle, 1984" authorityName="Barsbold and Perle" authorityYear="1984" box="[280,1103,563,597]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Harpymimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okladnikovi">
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<emphasis box="[280,670,563,597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Harpymimus okladnikovi</emphasis>
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Barsbold and Perle, 1984
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega and Rasskin-Gutman, 1994" authorityName="Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega and Rasskin-Gutman" authorityYear="1994" class="Reptilia" genus="Pelecanimimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyodon">
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<emphasis box="[1130,1518,563,597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Pelecanimimus polyodon</emphasis>
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Pérez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega and Rasskin-Gutman, 1994
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1890" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[1017,1479,605,639]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Ornithomimidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1280,1479,605,639]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science, Series 3" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="81 - 86" part="39" refId="ref137402" refString="------ 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 39, 81 - 86." title="Description of new dinosaurian reptiles" type="journal article" year="1890">Marsh, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1988" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Anserimimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planinychus">
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<emphasis box="[1500,1894,605,639]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Anserimimus planinychus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheski Zhurnal" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="122 - 125" part="1988" refId="ref128437" refString="------ 1988. A new late Cretaceous ornithomimid from the Mongolian People's Republic. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal, 1988, 122 - 125. [In Russian]." title="A new late Cretaceous ornithomimid from the Mongolian People's Republic" type="journal article" year="1988">Barsbold, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gilmoje, 1933)" authorityName="Gilmoje" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Gilmoje" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[375,1099,646,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Archaeornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
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<emphasis box="[375,841,646,680]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Archaeornithomimus asiaticus</emphasis>
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(Gilmoje, 1933)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Parks, 1926)" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Parks" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1116,1777,646,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Dromiceiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevitertius">
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<emphasis box="[1116,1559,646,680]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Dromiceiomimus brevitertius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Parks" box="[1582,1767,646,680]" firstAuthor="Parks" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="65 - 70" refId="ref139981" refString="PARKS, w. a. 1926. Struthiomimus brevitertius, a new species of dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, 20, 65 - 70." type="journal article" year="1926">Parks, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Parks, 1928)" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Parks" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Dromiceiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samueli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Dromiceiomimus samueli</emphasis>
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(Parks, 1928)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Osmolska, Roniewicz and Barsbold, 1972" authorityName="Osmolska, Roniewicz and Barsbold" authorityYear="1972" box="[638,1598,687,721]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Gallimimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bullatus">
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<emphasis box="[638,944,687,721]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Gallimimus bullatus</emphasis>
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Osmólska, Roniewicz and Barsbold, 1972
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Sternberg, 1933" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1933" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edmontonicus">
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<emphasis box="[1619,2052,687,721]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Ornithomimus edmontonicus</emphasis>
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Sternberg, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1890" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[548,1061,730,764]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Ornithomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velox">
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<emphasis box="[548,856,730,764]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Ornithomimus velox</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[866,1061,730,764]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science, Series 3" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="81 - 86" part="39" refId="ref137402" refString="------ 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 39, 81 - 86." title="Description of new dinosaurian reptiles" type="journal article" year="1890">Marsh, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Lambe, 1902)" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1080,1622,730,764]" class="Reptilia" genus="Struthiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altus">
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<emphasis box="[1080,1383,730,764]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Struthiomimus altus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambe" box="[1406,1612,730,764]" firstAuthor="Lambe" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, Geological Survey of Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="25 - 81" part="3" refId="ref136220" refString="LAMBE, L. M. 1902. New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous). Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, Geological Survey of Canada, 3, 25 - 81." title="New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous)" type="journal article" year="1902">Lambe, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[282,980,811,845]" box="[282,979,811,845]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis box="[282,534,811,845]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Temporal range.</emphasis>
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?Hauterivian-Maastrichtian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2052,892,1051]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis box="[283,467,893,927]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Baynshiren Svita, Omnogov, Mongolia; Shinekhuduk Svita, Dundgov, Mongolia; Calizas de La Huérguina Formation, Cuenca, Spain; Nemegt Svita, Bayankhongor, Mongolia; Iren Dabasu Formation, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, China; Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada; Denver Formation, Colorado, USA; Kaiparowits Formation, Utah, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2052,1096,1408]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis box="[280,459,1096,1132]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Maxilla excluded from external nares by broad posterior ascending process of the premaxilla (this is a reversal to the ancestral dinosaurian condition, convergently present in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName authority="Reig, 1963" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis'</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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condition unknown in
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<emphasis box="[983,1432,1188,1224]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barsbold and Perle" authorityYear="1984" box="[983,1409,1188,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Harpymimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okladnikovi">Harpymimus okladnikovi</taxonomicName>
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)',
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</emphasis>
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humerus long, slender and straight; manual unguals only slightly curved or straight, with reduced, distally placed flexor tubercles; obturator process on ischium is small, triangular and placed entirely on the uppermost fifth of the ischial shaft (unknown in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barsbold and Perle" authorityYear="1984" box="[519,773,1325,1361]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Harpymimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okladnikovi">
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<emphasis box="[519,773,1325,1361]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">H. okladnikovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis box="[869,1101,1325,1361]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega and Rasskin-Gutman" authorityYear="1994" box="[869,1079,1325,1361]" class="Reptilia" genus="Pelecanimimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyodon">P. polyodon</taxonomicName>
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)',
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</emphasis>
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pedal unguals ventrally flattened, with a semicircular depression instead of a flexor tubercle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2053,1454,1812]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis box="[280,436,1454,1490]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Orn ithomimids (
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<figureCitation box="[732,932,1454,1490]" captionStart="text" captionStartId="38.[281,355,1923,1950]" captionTargetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382586/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" targetPageId="39">Text-fig. 6e</figureCitation>
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) have long been recognized as a monophyletic clade of theropods (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[366,572,1499,1535]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science, Series 3" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="81 - 86" part="39" refId="ref137402" refString="------ 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 39, 81 - 86." title="Description of new dinosaurian reptiles" type="journal article" year="1890">Marsh 1890</bibRefCitation>
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; Osborn 1916; Russell 1972;
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[1071,1315,1499,1535]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="685 - 688" part="226" refId="ref128157" refString="------ 1976 ". A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 226, 685 - 688. [In Russian]." title="A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1976">Barsbold 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1315,1339,1504,1533]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Óz</emphasis>
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; Barsbold and Osmólska 1990). However, the discovery of primitive forms intermediate between o rnithomimids and other theropods during the last 25 years (
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[443,692,1590,1626]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="28 - 39" part="15" refId="ref128340" refString="------ 1981. oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy, 15, 28 - 39. [In Russian]." title="oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1981">Barsbold 1981</bibRefCitation>
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; Barsbold and Perle 1984;
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Perez-Moreno" box="[1139,1563,1590,1626]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Moreno" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="363 - 367" refId="ref140344" refString="PEREZ-MORENO, B. P., SANZ, J. L " BUSCALIONI, A. D " MORAALLA, J. J., ORTEGA, F. and RASSKIN-GUTMAN, D. 1994. A Unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature, 370, 363 - 367." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
|
Pérez-Moreno
|
|
<emphasis box="[1387,1465,1590,1626]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1994
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) makes a formal diagnosis of this group more problematic, since several characters that were usually used to define o rnithomimids (e.g. Russell 1972) are absent from these more primitive forms or convergently present in other theropods.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2053,1454,1812]" lastBlockId="40.[282,2055,200,555]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" authorityYear="1969" box="[322,706,1729,1765]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirificus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[322,706,1729,1765]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Deinocheirus mirificus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has repeatedly been compared with, or even referred to, the
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[1724,2052,1729,1765]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithomimosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Ornithomimosauria</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Ostrom 1972;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gauthier" box="[537,780,1774,1810]" firstAuthor="Gauthier" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Californian Academy of Science" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 55" part="8" refId="ref133393" refString="GAUTHIER, J. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the Californian Academy of Science, 8, 1 - 55." title="Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds" type="journal article" year="1986">Gauthier 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Paul 1988a), but it was listed as a theropod of uncertain taxonomic position by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Norman" bookContentInfo="733 pp." box="[300,559,206,242]" editor="weishampel, d. b. & dodson, p. & osmOlska, h." firstAuthor="Norman" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" pagination="280 - 305" refId="ref138392" refString="------ 1990. Problematic Theropoda: ' Coelurosaurs'. 280 - 305. In weishampel, d. b., dodson, p. and osmOlska, h. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 733 pp." title="Problematic Theropoda: ' Coelurosaurs'" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">Norman (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<emphasis box="[558,580,206,242]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="39">a</emphasis>
|
|
). However, the differences between ornit homimids and
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1607,1833,206,242]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1607,1833,206,242]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="39">Deinocheirus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
listed by Nicholls and Russell (1985) all represent plesiomorphies in the latter taxon, and might, therefore, only indicate that
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[457,684,298,334]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[457,684,298,334]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="39">Deinocheirus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not a member of the most advanced ornithomimosaurs, the ornithomimids.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" authorityYear="1969" box="[235,435,343,379]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirificus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[235,435,343,379]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="39">D. mirificus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares with all ornithomimosaurs the apomorphic presence of an especially long, slender and straight humerus, and with all members of this clade which are more derived than
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barsbold and Perle" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1769,1985,200,236]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Harpymimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1769,1985,200,236]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Harpymimus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the apomorphic characters of the first metacarpal being subequal in length to metacarpal II, and the presence of a reduced, proximally placed, triangular deltopectoral crest on the humerus. Therefore, the taxon is referred to the Ornithomimosauria here.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382586/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" startId="38.[281,355,1923,1950]" targetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" targetPageId="39">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="38.[280,2052,1893,2574]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
text -fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Campanian)" box="[283,1071,1960,1994]" class="Reptilia" family="Abelisauridae" genus="Camotaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sastrei">
|
|
<emphasis box="[283,596,1960,1994]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Camotaurus sastrei,</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" journalOrPublisher="Contributions in Science" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 42" part="416" refId="ref129397" refString="------------- and CORIA, r. a. 1990. Camotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, the homed, lightly built camosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Patagonia. Contributions in Science, 416, 1 - 42." title="Camotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, the homed, lightly built camosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Patagonia" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
|
Bonaparte
|
|
<emphasis box="[1972,2048,1960,1994]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1990)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson and Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1701,2050,2001,2035]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenerensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1701,2050,2001,2035]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1701,1890,2001,2035]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Suchomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suchomimus</taxonomicName>
|
|
tenerensis
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martill, Cruickshank, Frey, Small and Clark" authorityYear="1996" box="[821,1137,2043,2077]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Irritator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenged">
|
|
<emphasis box="[821,1137,2043,2077]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[821,948,2043,2077]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Irritator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Irritator</taxonomicName>
|
|
challenged
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Charig and Milner" authorityYear="1986" box="[280,560,2084,2118]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
|
<emphasis box="[280,560,2084,2118]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[280,425,2084,2118]" class="Reptilia" family="Spinosauridae" genus="Baryonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Baryonyx</taxonomicName>
|
|
walkeri
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Carcharodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sahariens">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1270,1774,2084,2118]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1270,1598,2084,2118]" class="Reptilia" family="Carcharodontosauridae" genus="Carcharodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carcharodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sahariens,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno
|
|
<emphasis box="[1229,1307,2125,2159]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Campanian)" box="[677,1540,2167,2201]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongoliensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[677,1081,2167,2201]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[677,868,2167,2201]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Velociraptor</taxonomicName>
|
|
mongoliensis,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[429,679,2207,2241]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 117" part="19" refId="ref128366" refString="------ 1983. Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy, 19, 1 - 117. [In Russian]." title="Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1983">Barsbold (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Dromiceiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevitertius">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1792,2049,2207,2241]" class="Reptilia" family="Ornithomimidae" genus="Dromiceiomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dromiceiomimus</taxonomicName>
|
|
brevitertius,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Campanian)" box="[677,1525,2292,2326]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philoceratops">
|
|
<emphasis box="[677,1052,2292,2326]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[677,827,2292,2326]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oviraptor</taxonomicName>
|
|
philoceratops,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" bookContentInfo="733 pp." box="[510,861,2332,2366]" editor="Weishampel, D. B. & Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="408 - 415" refId="ref128465" refString="------ and MARYANSKA,. 1990. Segnosauria. 408 - 415. In weishampel, d. b., dodson, p. and osmOlska, h. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 733 pp." title="Segnosauria" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">
|
|
Barsbold
|
|
<emphasis box="[662,740,2332,2366]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1990)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. G, therizinosauroid
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous" authorityName="Late Cretaceous" box="[1188,1808,2332,2366]" class="Reptilia" family="Segnosauridae" genus="Erlikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1188,1542,2332,2366]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1188,1381,2332,2366]" class="Reptilia" family="Segnosauridae" genus="Erlikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erlikosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
andrewsi,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Clark" box="[1060,1351,2374,2408]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Clark" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 39" part="3115" refId="ref131053" refString="------ perle, a. and NORELL, M. a. 1994. The skull of Erlicosaurus andrewsi, a Late Cretaceous ' segnosaur' (Theropoda: Therizinosauridae) from Mongolia. American Museum Novitates, 3115, 1 - 39." title="The skull of Erlicosaurus andrewsi, a Late Cretaceous ' segnosaur' (Theropoda: Therizinosauridae) from Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1994">
|
|
Clark
|
|
<emphasis box="[1157,1234,2374,2408]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1994)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. H, tyrannosaurid
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Late Cretaceous (Campanian)" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1635,1969,2374,2408]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1635,1964,2374,2408]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1635,1831,2374,2408]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gorgosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
libratus
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar" bookContentInfo="733 pp." box="[1517,1823,2415,2450]" editor="weishampel, d. b. & dodson, p. & osmOlska, h." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="169 - 209" refId="ref137992" refString="------ kurzanov, s. M. and dong, z. 1990. Camosauria. 169 - 209. In weishampel, d. b., dodson, p. and osmOlska, h. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 733 pp." title="Camosauria" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">
|
|
Molnar
|
|
<emphasis box="[1637,1709,2416,2450]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1990)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Barsbold et al. 1990)" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Barsbold" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1903,2052,2457,2491]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1903,2052,2457,2491]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Oviraptor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" bookContentInfo="733 pp." box="[292,611,2499,2533]" editor="Weishampel, D. B. & Dodson, P. & Osmolska, H." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="408 - 415" refId="ref128465" refString="------ and MARYANSKA,. 1990. Segnosauria. 408 - 415. In weishampel, d. b., dodson, p. and osmOlska, h. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 733 pp." title="Segnosauria" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">
|
|
Barsbold
|
|
<emphasis box="[442,515,2499,2533]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1990
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d -g) and 100 mm (a -c, h).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="40.[282,2055,200,555]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
|
Even after the inclusion of the more primitive members, the monophyly of the o rnithomimo saurs is still well supported by apomorphic characters (see above); therefore, they are treated as a single OTU. The phylogenetic relationships within ornithomimosaurs are probably
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barsbold and Perle" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1525,1740,474,510]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Harpymimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Harpymimus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1786,2043,474,510]" class="Reptilia" genus="Pelecanimimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pelecanimimus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,?
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osmolska and Roniewicz" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[300,528,519,555]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinocheiridae" genus="Deinocheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Deinocheirus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Barsbold" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[554,786,519,555]" class="Reptilia" family="Garudimimidae" genus="Garudimimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Garudimimus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
O rnithomimidae))) (modified from Barsbold and Osmólska 1990).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |