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<document id="454BE901376E094EFCC0D566467FAB99" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158660" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a4411fc-062e-4049-902b-e26ff41a7ccb" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461033614551" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferris, Clifford D." docDate="2004" docId="2220FE41111FB104EE65F8F7F5F5F8AB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00738.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 738" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eupithecia miamata Cassino" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="DE198639111DB10EEF6DFFE6F652FFFE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic note on four poorly known Arizona Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Eupitheciini)" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698574158802" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="30AE3495158BE65A3842B501F18CD14B">Taxonomic note on four poorly known Arizona Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Eupitheciini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C8A4881AE335616881AEDDE80741482B">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="18C86AA83CCE49298656FE0AD58F714E">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="21226345706DB543515069796FA39FA6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.158660</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2220FE41111FB104EE65F8F7F5F5F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2220FE41111FB104EE65F8F7F5F5F8AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2220FE41111FB104EE65F8F7F5F5F8AB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC111FB10CEE65F8F7F238F895" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111FB10CEE65F8F7F5A8F8D5" blockId="2.[264,1018,1809,1835]" box="[264,1018,1809,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="F17EF83B111FB10CEE65F8F7F5A8F8D5" bold="true" box="[264,1018,1809,1835]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111FB10CEE65F8F7F5A8F8D5" bold="true" box="[264,1018,1809,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111FB10CEE65F8F7F434F8D5" ID-CoL="3CTYV" authority="Cassino" authorityName="Cassino" box="[264,614,1809,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111FB10CEE65F8F7F7AEF8D5" bold="true" box="[264,508,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eupithecia miamata</emphasis>
Cassino
</taxonomicName>
[New Synonomy] (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111FB10CEC3EF8F7F5F4F8D5" box="[851,934,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[264,368,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1527,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[325,1262,1527,1835]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eupithecia holotype males (MCZ). a, biedermanata; b, miamata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169526/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
b, 4–9)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F57111FB10CEE65F8B7F238F895" blockId="2.[264,1130,1873,1899]" box="[264,1130,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111FB10CEE65F8B7F457F895" bold="true" box="[264,517,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Original description</emphasis>
: Cassino, S. E., 1925.
<emphasis id="98FD9345111FB10CEC7DF8B7F5FEF894" box="[784,940,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lepidopterist</emphasis>
4(6–7): 47–50.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC111EB10DEE55FEFDF214FE00" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE55FEFDF715FE50" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE55FEFDF43AFECB" bold="true" box="[312,616,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DEE55FEFDF727FECB" box="[312,373,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
series and location
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DED14FEFAF4B4FEC8" box="[633,742,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and allotype female in
<collectionCode id="CC98D792111EB10DEB2FFEFAF2D7FEC8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[1090,1157,284,310]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MCZ</collectionCode>
; one
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DEBABFEFAF379FEC8" box="[1222,1323,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male each in
<collectionCode id="CC98D792111EB10DEECAFEA2F7B1FEA0" box="[423,483,324,350]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">CNC</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="CC98D792111EB10DED72FEA2F42FFEA0" box="[543,637,324,350]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NMNH</collectionCode>
; one
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DEDD1FEA2F573FEA0" box="[700,801,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female stated in description not found, second
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DEE2DFE8AF7F7FE78" box="[320,421,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female proved to be
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111EB10DEDD9FE8AF5E0FE78" authority="Cassino" authorityName="Cassino" box="[692,946,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreotata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEDD9FE8AF51BFE7B" box="[692,841,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. vitreotata</emphasis>
Cassino
</taxonomicName>
upon examination of genitalic slide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE55FE5DF257FE28" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,630]" box="[312,1029,443,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE55FE5DF785FE2B" bold="true" box="[312,471,443,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111EB10DEE55FE5DF727FE2B" box="[312,373,443,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: Near Miami [Gila Co.], Arizona,
<date id="DE376997111EB10DEC02FE5AF253FE28" box="[879,1025,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1925-03">March 1925</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE55FE05F214FE00" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,630]" box="[312,1094,483,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE55FE05F41CFE03" bold="true" box="[312,590,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">McDunnough revision</emphasis>
: 1949: fig. 16A male and female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC111EB10AEE55FDEDF230FE00" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE55FDEDF2F0FD88" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE55FDEDF7E8FDDB" bold="true" box="[312,442,523,549]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Typical form immediately separated from other North American species by distinctive ferruginous color, small pale orange DFW discal spot with dark pupil, elongate FW, and small size (FWL = 9.0–10.5 mm, males; 9.0–11.0 mm, females).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FEF61FDF111EB10DEE65FB9DF34CFB6D" box="[264,1310,1147,1171]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[339,1247,741,1120]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE65FB9DF34CFB6D" blockId="3.[264,1310,1147,1171]" box="[264,1310,1147,1171]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE65FB9DF7D8FB6D" bold="true" box="[264,394,1147,1171]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111EB10DEEFCFB9AF43AFB6D" box="[401,616,1148,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEEFCFB9AF43AFB6D" box="[401,616,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eupithecia miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males (AMNH). a, b, with same data; c, pin labels for adult in a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF111EB10DEE65F8C9F55BF897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169530/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[338,1237,1234,1821]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111EB10DEE65F8C9F55BF897" blockId="3.[264,1322,1839,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE65F8C9F7D8F8B9" bold="true" box="[264,394,1839,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of valvae. a,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111EB10DEDC9F8C9F54CF8B8" box="[676,798,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEDC9F8C9F54CF8B8" box="[676,798,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
digitally reproduced from Cassino (1925, p. 49); b,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111EB10DEE4EF8B4F786F897" box="[291,468,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111EB10DEE4EF8B4F786F897" box="[291,468,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cochise Co., Arizona.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA364F571119B10AEE55FEFDF230FE00" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEE55FEFDF46AFECB" bold="true" box="[312,568,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Synoptic description</emphasis>
: The adult facies of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEC4BFEFAF59BFECB" box="[806,969,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEC4BFEFAF59BFECB" box="[806,969,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEB6DFEFAF235FECB" box="[1024,1127,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEB6DFEFAF235FECB" box="[1024,1127,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar, differing in only two aspects: the intensity of DFW maculation; and the proportion of ferruginous and gray scales. Wing shapes are identical, ascertained by overlaying digital photos. Since there are no apparent genitalic differences between the two taxa, I consider
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEE65FE5AF73CFE2B" box="[264,366,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEE65FE5AF73CFE2B" box="[264,366,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a gray phenotype of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEDCBFE5AF51BFE2B" box="[678,841,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEDCBFE5AF51BFE2B" box="[678,841,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has adapted to a different larval host and roosting substrate color. A morphological synopsis is now presented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="AA364F571119B10AEE60FDA0F203FA5A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table id="D889BDF711194EF1EE60FDA0F349FA1A" box="[269,1307,582,1508]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FDA0F349FDA5" box="[269,1307,582,603]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FDA0F72CFDA5" box="[269,382,582,603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEE60FDA0F724FDA5" bold="true" box="[269,374,582,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FDA0F531FDA5" box="[421,867,582,603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEEC8FDA0F47EFDA5" box="[421,556,582,603]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEEC8FDA0F47EFDA5" bold="true" box="[421,556,582,603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="5768246911194EF1EC02FDA0F349FDA5" box="[879,1307,582,603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEC1DFDA0F594FDA5" box="[880,966,582,603]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEC1DFDA0F594FDA5" bold="true" box="[880,966,582,603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FD6AF349FD5F" box="[269,1307,652,673]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FD6AF72CFD5F" box="[269,382,652,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Antennae</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FD6AF531FD5F" box="[421,867,652,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Slightly ciliate, brownish­gray</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FD6AF349FD5F" box="[879,1307,652,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Same</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FD37F349FD18" box="[269,1307,721,742]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FD37F72CFD18" box="[269,382,721,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palpi</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FD37F531FD18" box="[421,867,721,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Short, broad, less than width of eye</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FD37F349FD18" box="[879,1307,721,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Same</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FCF0F349FCB5" box="[269,1307,790,843]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FCF0F72CFCB5" box="[269,382,790,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palpi, head, and thorax</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FCF0F531FCB5" box="[421,867,790,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mixture of brown and pale grayish scales with coppery overtones</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FCF0F349FCB5" box="[879,1307,790,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mixture of grayish­brown and pale gray scales</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FC9DF349FC4E" box="[269,1307,891,944]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FC9DF72CFC4E" box="[269,382,891,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abdomen</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FC9DF531FC4E" box="[421,867,891,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mixture of brown, coppery, and paler scales D; whitish­gray V</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FC9DF349FC4E" box="[879,1307,891,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mixture of grayish­brown and paler scales D; whitish­gray V</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FC06F349FBEB" box="[269,1307,992,1045]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FC06F72CFBEB" box="[269,382,992,1045]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FC06F531FBEB" box="[421,867,992,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mixed brown and whitish scales; tarsi darker and ringed with white scales at joints</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FC06F349FBEB" box="[879,1307,992,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Similar, but paler</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FBA3F349FBA4" box="[269,1307,1093,1114]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FBA3F72CFBA4" box="[269,382,1093,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FWL</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FBA3F531FBA4" box="[421,867,1093,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9.0–10.5 mm</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FBA3F349FBA4" box="[879,1307,1093,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9.0–10.5 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FB6CF349FAA1" box="[269,1307,1162,1375]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FB6CF72CFAA1" box="[269,382,1162,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DFW</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FB6CF531FAA1" box="[421,867,1162,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ferruginous scales in pale areas; broad incom­ plete blackish diagonal median band extending to mid­wing below discal spot; pale orange discal spot with dark pupil; thin brown outer margin line; fringe with short brown white­ tipped scales and long slender gray scales</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FB6CF349FAA1" box="[879,1307,1162,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dull coppery­gray scales in pale areas; very faint incomplete brownish diagonal median band extending to mid­wing below discal spot; pale yellow­orange discal spot with dark pupil; thin, faint brown outer margin line; fringe with short grayish­brown whitetipped scales and long slender gray scales</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14B94D1511194EF1EE60FA69F349FA1A" box="[269,1307,1423,1508]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="5768246911194EF1EE60FA69F72CFA1A" box="[269,382,1423,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">DHW</th>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EEC8FA69F531FA1A" box="[421,867,1423,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gray centrally speckled with a few brown scales; inner margin darker with brown scales; thin marginal line and fringe as in DFW</td>
<td id="5768246911194EF1EC02FA69F349FA1A" box="[879,1307,1423,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Similar, but much paler</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC1119B106EE55F9CDF4B1F895" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AA364F571119B10AEE55F9CDF497F8A0" blockId="4.[264,1324,1579,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEE55F9CDF7EEF9BB" bold="true" box="[312,444,1579,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion</emphasis>
: The male
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51119B10AED29F9CAF4F9F9B8" box="[580,683,1580,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEDBEF9CAF524F9BB" box="[723,886,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEDBEF9CAF524F9BB" box="[723,886,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably was collected near Charles Robert Biederman’s cabin in Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountians, Cochise Co., Arizona. In
<date id="DE3769971119B10AEE65F99AF7DBF968" box="[264,393,1660,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-04">April 2004</date>
I visited the cabin, which is being maintained by the current property owners, and collected
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEEDDF942F401F943" box="[432,595,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEEDDF942F401F943" box="[432,595,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in UV light traps placed below the nearby larval host trees,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41119B10AEE65F92AF56AF918" authority="(A. Gray) Sargent. Hereford" authorityName="(A. Gray) Sargent. Hereford" box="[264,824,1740,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
<emphasis id="98FD93451119B10AEE65F92AF78EF91B" box="[264,476,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Arbutus arizonica</emphasis>
(A. Gray) Sargent. Hereford
</taxonomicName>
, which is the closest community and Post Office, lies outside of Carr Canyon and lacks typical habitat for this moth. Palmerlee was a mining town and Post Office in the late 1800s and early 1900s located at the mouth of Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mountains.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FEF61FDF1118B10BEE65FBD4F432FB4F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169531/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[325,1262,341,1050]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="AA364F571118B10BEE65FBD4F432FB4F" blockId="5.[264,1323,1074,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="98FD93451118B10BEE65FBD4F7D8FBB4" bold="true" box="[264,394,1074,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Male genitalic structures of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41118B10BEDD2FBD4F59FFBB7" box="[703,973,1074,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451118B10BEDD2FBD4F59FFBB7" box="[703,973,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cochise Co., Arizona). a, genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened; b, flattened valvae from another specimen; c, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5b; d, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5a; e, lateral view of uncus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF1118B10BEE65F8C0F77CF89B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169532/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[336,1241,1327,1803]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="AA364F571118B10BEE65F8C0F77CF89B" blockId="5.[264,1322,1830,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="98FD93451118B10BEE65F8C0F7D9F8C0" bold="true" box="[264,395,1830,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41118B10BEEFFF8C1F4F2F8C0" box="[402,672,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451118B10BEEFFF8C1F4F2F8C0" box="[402,672,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aedoeagii variation. a–c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; d, Coconino Co.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA364F57111BB108EE55FEFAF403FB30" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Both
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108EE13FEFAF7E3FEC8" box="[382,433,284,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
specimens are missing their abdomens, and according to
<bibRefCitation id="CE1832A6111BB108EBE5FEFAF7C1FEA0" author="McDunnough" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" refString="McDunnough, J. (1949) Revision of the North American species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 93, Art. 8, pp. 533 - 728, plates 26 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1949">McDunnough (1949: 598)</bibRefCitation>
the abdomen associated with the male was from a specimen of
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EBFAFEA2F378FEA3" box="[1175,1322,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EBFAFEA2F376FEA3" box="[1175,1316,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">E. miamata</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
“An abdomen that had been glued on the
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108ED80FE8AF501FE78" box="[749,851,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male at some time proved on dissection to be that of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EEF7FE72F435FE50" authority="Cassino" authorityName="Cassino" box="[410,615,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EEF7FE72F452FE53" box="[410,512,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
Cassino
</taxonomicName>
, and obviously, therefore, the wrong abdomen. In the female allotype the abdomen is missing.” Cassino illustrated the male valvae of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EBE1FE5AF2A1FE2B" box="[1164,1267,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EBE1FE5AF2A1FE2B" box="[1164,1267,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Cassino &amp; Swett did not for
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ED1AFE02F548FE03" box="[631,794,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ED1AFE02F548FE03" box="[631,794,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I contend that the abdomen examined by McDunnough was in fact that of the HT of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EC64FDEAF5F9FDDB" box="[777,939,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EC64FDEAF5F9FDDB" box="[777,939,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and since he did not have additional specimens of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EE9AFDD2F4C8FDB3" box="[503,666,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EE9AFDD2F4C8FDB3" box="[503,666,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for examination, he did not realize that the genitalia of the two taxa are identical. To my knowledge,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EC72FDBAF5D4FD8B" box="[799,902,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EC72FDBAF5D4FD8B" box="[799,902,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE111BB108EB14FDBAF286FD88" box="[1145,1236,604,630]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
(HT in MCZ,
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108EE3BFD62F7E9FD60" box="[342,443,644,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in CNC, NMNH,
<quantity id="6D71E2B2111BB108EDFEFD62F492FD60" box="[659,704,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
AMNH) and the allotype female (MCZ) whose genitalia McDunnough illustrated. I examined the NMNH genitalic slide “HWC [H. W. Capps] #
<date id="DE376997111BB108EE1EFD32F44AFD10" box="[371,536,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1100-03-10">1100, 10 Mar.</date>
1941” labeled a female
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108EC57FD32F5CDFD10" box="[826,927,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ECA4FD32F27DFD13" box="[969,1071,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ECA4FD32F27DFD13" box="[969,1071,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the genitalia are clearly from
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EEF2FD1AF463FCEB" box="[415,561,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreotata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EEF2FD1AF463FCEB" box="[415,561,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. vitreotata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and bear no resemblance to those of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EC87FD1AF203FCEB" box="[1002,1105,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EC87FD1AF203FCEB" box="[1002,1105,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EB02FD1AF340FCEB" box="[1135,1298,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EB02FD1AF340FCEB" box="[1135,1298,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I could not find Cassino’s second female
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108ED84FCC2F500FCC0" box="[745,850,804,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Specimens from Cochise Co., Arizona identified as
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EEC9FCAAF458FC9B" box="[420,522,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EEC9FCAAF458FC9B" box="[420,522,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several museum collections proved to be typical
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EBEDFCAAF371FC9B" box="[1152,1315,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EBEDFCAAF371FC9B" box="[1152,1315,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This confusion has certainly arisen from McDunnough’s comment. The location of McDunnough’s genitalic slide of the glued­on abdomen from the
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EB58FC7AF28AFC4B" box="[1077,1240,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EB58FC7AF28AFC4B" box="[1077,1240,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
HT is unknown (not at the MCZ). Based on comments about
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ECF6FC22F253FC23" box="[923,1025,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ECF6FC22F253FC23" box="[923,1025,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1941, p. 190), his illustrations (fig. 16A) of the male genitalia probably were made from the
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108EB2AFC0AF2FEFBF8" box="[1095,1196,1004,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
illustrated here in
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EE0CFBF2F7FBFBD0" box="[353,425,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1100,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1100,1657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eupithecia miamata male paratype, genitalic slide, and pin labels (CNC). The adult appears to be slightly deformed with foreshortened FW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169528/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
. Adults of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ED46FBF2F49FFBD3" box="[555,717,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ED46FBF2F49FFBD3" box="[555,717,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are illustrated in
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108ECF1FBF2F5BEFBD0" box="[924,1004,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[264,368,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[343,1238,1045,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[325,1262,1035,1413]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults. Eupithecia biedermanata, Arizona, Cochise Co., Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 1713 m, 20. iv. 2004, C. D. Ferris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169525/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
(pair), 2a (male
<typeStatus id="7532F1F5111BB108EBDFFBF2F34FFBD0" box="[1202,1309,1044,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), 3 (female allotype); adults of the
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EDFDFBDAF4A4FBAB" box="[656,758,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EDFDFBDAF4A4FBAB" box="[656,758,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gray color form are shown in
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EB31FBDAF2F4FBA8" box="[1116,1190,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[264,368,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1527,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[325,1262,1527,1835]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eupithecia holotype males (MCZ). a, biedermanata; b, miamata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169526/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs.2</figureCitation>
b, 3–5. The genitalia of both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ED28FB82F4BAFB83" box="[581,744,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ED28FB82F4BAFB83" box="[581,744,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
match very closely McDunnough’s illustrations for
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EE58FB6AF7C9FB5B" box="[309,411,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EE58FB6AF7C9FB5B" box="[309,411,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(text fig. 16A, p. 724), and Cassino’s drawings of the male valvae (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EB8FFB6AF379FB58" box="[1250,1323,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[338,1237,1234,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[325,1262,1225,1833]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of valvae. a, E. miamata digitally reproduced from Cassino (1925, p. 49); b, E. biedermanata from Cochise Co., Arizona." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169530/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
shows a direct comparison).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F57111BB108EE55FB3AF7C0F8B0" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EE55FB3AF414FB08" bold="true" box="[312,582,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genitalic dissections:</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108ED30FB3AF552FB0B" box="[605,768,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ED30FB3AF552FB0B" box="[605,768,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE111BB108EC7AFB3AF528FB08" box="[791,890,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE111BB108ECE1FB3AF254FB08" box="[908,1030,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
; (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EB4FFB3AF2DBFB0B" box="[1058,1161,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EB4FFB3AF2DBFB0B" box="[1058,1161,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE111BB108EBCDFB3AF2ADFB08" box="[1184,1279,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
by CDF; three prepared slides examined, one by photograph.
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108ECD9FAE2F237FAE0" bold="true" box="[948,1125,1284,1310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EB18FAE2F2A1FAE0" box="[1141,1267,1284,1310]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1839,1863]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,367,1074,1098]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,368,1830,1854]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,368,735,759]" captionStartId-4="7.[264,367,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox-0="[338,1237,1234,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[325,1262,341,1050]" captionTargetBox-2="[336,1241,1327,1803]" captionTargetBox-3="[334,1261,326,711]" captionTargetBox-4="[327,1262,882,1170]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[325,1262,1225,1833]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[325,1262,326,1050]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[329,1258,1327,1803]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[325,1262,326,711]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[325,1262,882,1170]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Comparison of valvae. a, E. miamata digitally reproduced from Cassino (1925, p. 49); b, E. biedermanata from Cochise Co., Arizona." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Male genitalic structures of Eupithecia biedermanata (Cochise Co., Arizona). a, genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened; b, flattened valvae from another specimen; c, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 b; d, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 a; e, lateral view of uncus." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Eupithecia biedermanata aedoeagii variation. a – c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; d, Coconino Co." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Eupithecia biedermanata everted vesicae. a, lateral views of opposite sides of everted and inflated vesica (arrow points to scobinate membrane surface), Arizona, Cochise Co.; b – c, two views of the same flattened preparation; d, Coconino Co., flattened preparation." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Eupithecia biedermanata ventral plate variation. a – c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; a, digitally enhanced image of sclerotized plates (surrounding membrane removed) on the 7 th and 8 th (top) abdominal sternites; b – c, ventral plates; d – e, Coconino Co." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169530/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169531/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/169532/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/169533/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/169534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 6–10</figureCitation>
). As shown in the accompanying illustrations, the genitalic characters vary to some extent. Asymmetric left and right valvae (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EDF2FAB2F4A1FA90" box="[671,755,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1100,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[325,1262,1100,1657]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eupithecia miamata male paratype, genitalic slide, and pin labels (CNC). The adult appears to be slightly deformed with foreshortened FW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169528/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EC6DFAB2F562FA90" box="[768,816,1364,1390]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1839,1863]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,367,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox-0="[338,1237,1234,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[325,1262,341,1050]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[325,1262,1225,1833]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[325,1262,326,1050]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Comparison of valvae. a, E. miamata digitally reproduced from Cassino (1925, p. 49); b, E. biedermanata from Cochise Co., Arizona." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Male genitalic structures of Eupithecia biedermanata (Cochise Co., Arizona). a, genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened; b, flattened valvae from another specimen; c, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 b; d, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 a; e, lateral view of uncus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169530/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6–7</figureCitation>
); chitinous armament of vesica (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EBDFFAB2F370FA90" box="[1202,1314,1364,1390]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="5.[264,368,1830,1854]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,368,735,759]" captionTargetBox-0="[336,1241,1327,1803]" captionTargetBox-1="[334,1261,326,711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[329,1258,1327,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[325,1262,326,711]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Eupithecia biedermanata aedoeagii variation. a – c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; d, Coconino Co." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Eupithecia biedermanata everted vesicae. a, lateral views of opposite sides of everted and inflated vesica (arrow points to scobinate membrane surface), Arizona, Cochise Co.; b – c, two views of the same flattened preparation; d, Coconino Co., flattened preparation." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169532/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169533/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
) consists of a large contorted pointed spade­like piece, a slender slightly contorted parallel strip of essentially equal length, with a patch of the adjoining membrane slightly sclerotized. The surface of one of the globular lobes of the everted and inflated vesica has acute scobinations (arrow in
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108ED79FA12F408F9F0" box="[532,602,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[264,368,735,759]" captionTargetBox="[334,1261,326,711]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[325,1262,326,711]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. Eupithecia biedermanata everted vesicae. a, lateral views of opposite sides of everted and inflated vesica (arrow points to scobinate membrane surface), Arizona, Cochise Co.; b – c, two views of the same flattened preparation; d, Coconino Co., flattened preparation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169533/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Bifid uncus tip (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EC40FA12F526F9F0" box="[813,884,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,341,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[325,1262,326,1050]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalic structures of Eupithecia biedermanata (Cochise Co., Arizona). a, genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened; b, flattened valvae from another specimen; c, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 b; d, flattened genitalia less aedoeagus from adult in Fig. 5 a; e, lateral view of uncus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169531/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
e). Sclerotized plate (ventral plate) on eighth sternite (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EEADF9FAF447F9C8" box="[448,533,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[327,1262,882,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[325,1262,882,1170]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eupithecia biedermanata ventral plate variation. a – c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; a, digitally enhanced image of sclerotized plates (surrounding membrane removed) on the 7 th and 8 th (top) abdominal sternites; b – c, ventral plates; d – e, Coconino Co." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) variable in length, short, bifurcated; chitinization weak and sternite as a whole is delicate. Segment IX two terminal hair pencils poorly developed and sparse, hairs immediately detached and dispersed into the dissection medium.
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EBA2F98AF721F950" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108EEE1F972F449F950" box="[396,539,1684,1710]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="8.[264,368,1022,1046]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,367,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox-0="[325,1251,288,998]" captionTargetBox-1="[353,1237,1169,1780]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[325,1262,288,998]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[326,1262,1159,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Eupithecia biedermanata female genitalia variation. a, ventral views from 3 Cochise Co., Arizona specimens (arrow points to smooth shoulder); b, image­inverted view of a to enhance structural features; c, upper portion of genitalia." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Variation in facies of Eupithecia gilvipennata. a – b, two females, Tex Canyon, 30. iii. 2000, Cochise Co., Arizona, C. D. Ferris; c, adult male and pin labels for specimen illustrated" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169536/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169537/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
). Bursa copulatrix matches McDunnough’s drawings for
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111BB108EBD1F972F371F953" box="[1212,1315,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111BB108EBD1F972F371F953" box="[1212,1315,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Papilla analis and apophyses as shown (
<figureCitation id="32B253D2111BB108ED8AF95AF517F928" box="[743,837,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[331,1223,1381,1773]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[325,1262,1381,1777]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 11. Eupithecia biedermanata female genitalia. a, ventral view of bursa copulatrix; b, dorsal view of bursa copulatrix; c, ovipositor lobes (flattened) and apophyses, Cochise Co., Arizona." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169535/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
c–12c). Ductus bursae enlarged and produced into semicircular smoothly­tapering tube from which ductus seminalis originates. Corpus bursae essentially spherical with evenly­spined patches varying in extent among individuals.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FEF61FDF111AB109EE65FD39F20BFCC2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169533/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[334,1261,326,711]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111AB109EE65FD39F20BFCC2" blockId="7.[264,1322,735,828]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EE65FD39F7DEFD09" bold="true" box="[264,396,735,759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111AB109EEFFFD06F4F3FD09" box="[402,673,736,759]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EEFFFD06F4F3FD09" box="[402,673,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
everted vesicae. a, lateral views of opposite sides of everted and inflated vesica (arrow points to scobinate membrane surface), Arizona, Cochise Co.; b–c, two views of the same flattened preparation; d, Coconino Co., flattened preparation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF111AB109EE65FB4CF5E8FAF9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169534/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[327,1262,882,1170]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111AB109EE65FB4CF5E8FAF9" blockId="7.[264,1323,1194,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EE65FB4CF7CAFB3C" bold="true" box="[264,408,1194,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111AB109EECCFB4DF4E2FB3C" box="[417,688,1195,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EECCFB4DF4E2FB3C" box="[417,688,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ventral plate variation. a–c, Arizona, Cochise Co.; a, digitally enhanced image of sclerotized plates (surrounding membrane removed) on the 7th and 8th (top) abdominal sternites; b–c, ventral plates; d–e, Coconino Co.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF111AB109EE65F8EEF347F8BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169535/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[331,1223,1381,1773]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AA364F57111AB109EE65F8EEF347F8BC" blockId="7.[264,1322,1800,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EE65F8EEF7C4F8DE" bold="true" box="[264,406,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D4111AB109EEF1F8EFF4F9F8DE" box="[412,683,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD9345111AB109EEF1F8EFF4F9F8DE" box="[412,683,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female genitalia. a, ventral view of bursa copulatrix; b, dorsal view of bursa copulatrix; c, ovipositor lobes (flattened) and apophyses, Cochise Co., Arizona.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF1115B106EE65FC18F554FBA5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169536/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[325,1251,288,998]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="AA364F571115B106EE65FC18F554FBA5" blockId="8.[264,1323,1022,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="98FD93451115B106EE65FC18F7CAFBE8" bold="true" box="[264,408,1022,1046]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41115B106EEF2FC18F4FCFBEB" box="[415,686,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451115B106EEF2FC18F4FCFBEB" box="[415,686,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eupithecia biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female genitalia variation. a, ventral views from 3 Cochise Co., Arizona specimens (arrow points to smooth shoulder); b, image­inverted view of a to enhance structural features; c, upper portion of genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FEF61FDF1115B106EE65F8E1F378F8BD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169537/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[353,1237,1169,1780]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="AA364F571115B106EE65F8E1F378F8BD" blockId="8.[264,1323,1799,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="98FD93451115B106EE65F8E1F7CCF8E1" bold="true" box="[264,414,1799,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Variation in facies of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41115B106EDC1F8EEF5E3F8E1" box="[684,945,1800,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451115B106EDC1F8EEF5E3F8E1" box="[684,945,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eupithecia gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a–b, two females, Tex Canyon, 30.iii.2000, Cochise Co., Arizona, C. D. Ferris; c, adult male and pin labels for specimen illustrated
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA364F571115B106EE65F8B2F4B1F895" blockId="8.[264,1323,1799,1899]" box="[264,739,1876,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
by McDunnough in Pl. 31, f. 11 as
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41115B106ED13F8B2F489F895" box="[638,731,1876,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451115B106ED13F8B2F489F895" box="[638,731,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC1114B107EE55FEFDF7D1FBA8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AA364F571114B107EE55FEFDF484FC20" blockId="9.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE55FEFDF7CEFECB" bold="true" box="[312,412,283,309]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
The larval host of typical
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EDB4FEFAF52EFECB" box="[729,892,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EDB4FEFAF52EFECB" box="[729,892,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ECCCFEFAF76FFEA0" authority="(A. Gray) Sargent" authorityName="(A. Gray) Sargent" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107ECCCFEFAF224FECB" box="[929,1142,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arbutus arizonica</emphasis>
(A. Gray) Sargent
</taxonomicName>
, Arizona madrone. Adults emerge in April while the host flowers are budding, with oviposition apparently at the bud bases. Mature larvae feed in the white to pinkish flowers and are cryptically patterned and colored to blend with them; pupation occurs in May (
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB93FE72F378FE53" box="[1278,1322,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fide</emphasis>
N. McFarland). Adult color matches the bark of the newer growth branchlets on which the flowers occur and which are the presumed roosting substrate. Based upon specimen yields in light traps placed at the bases of the host trees and at distances, adults do not normally stray very far from hosts.
<figureCitation id="32B253D21114B107ED50FDD2F4C3FDB0" box="[573,657,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="16.[264,368,1754,1778]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,1382,1730]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[325,1262,1382,1730]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 22. Habitat of E. biedermanata and classicata in Huachuca Mts, Cochise Co., Arizona. a, Carr Canyon ca. 100 m across arroyo from Biederman’s cabin, 21. iv. 2004; b, Ash Canyon with A. arizonica at center and A. pungens at left, 17. iv. 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169546/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
illustrates typical habitat, with vegetation in addition to Arizona madrone including oaks (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EDF5FDBAF5FBFD88" authority="Torrey" authorityName="Torrey" box="[664,937,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emoryi">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EDF5FDBAF501FD8B" box="[664,851,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quercus emoryi</emphasis>
Torrey
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ECD9FDBAF293FD88" authority="Torrey" authorityName="Torrey" box="[948,1217,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107ECD9FDBAF235FD8B" box="[948,1127,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Q. oblongifolia</emphasis>
Torrey
</taxonomicName>
), manzanita (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EE2BFD62F5EFFD60" authority="Humboldt, Bonpland, Knuth" authorityName="Humboldt, Bonpland, Knuth" box="[326,957,644,670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE2BFD62F40DFD63" box="[326,607,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arctostaphylos pungens</emphasis>
Humboldt, Bonpland, Knuth
</taxonomicName>
), and alligator juniper (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EBBEFD62F444FD38" authority="Steudel" authorityName="Steudel" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deppeana">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EBBEFD62F7FEFD3B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Juniperus deppeana</emphasis>
Steudel
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ED42FD4AF555FD3B" box="[559,775,684,709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arbutus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107ED42FD4AF555FD3B" box="[559,775,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arbutus arizonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Cochise, Graham, and Pima counties. The larval host of the gray phenotype may be another shrub with gray or grayishbrown bark to which the moth is color­adapted.Manzanita does occur where the gray form has been collected, but its bark is reddish­brown or mahogany colored. A possible host candidate is quinine bush (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ED3CFCAAF48FFC98" box="[593,733,844,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Garryaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Garryales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Garryaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ED98FCAAF24FFC98" authority="Wats." authorityName="Wats." box="[757,1053,844,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Garryaceae" genus="Garrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Garryales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107ED98FCAAF59DFC9B" box="[757,975,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Garrya flavescens</emphasis>
Wats.
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB20FCAAF34CFC98" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" box="[1101,1310,844,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Garryaceae" genus="Garrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Garryales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB20FCAAF2EBFC9B" box="[1101,1209,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mollis</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
), which is recorded from Coconino and Gila counties with Oak Creek Canyon the
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51114B107EB97FC92F37FFC70" box="[1274,1325,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality for
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EEFDFC7AF7A4FC4B" box="[400,502,924,949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Garryaceae" genus="Garrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Garryales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EEFDFC7AF7A4FC4B" box="[400,502,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This shrub has grayish­green bark and blooms from January to April, depending upon elevation and location.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F571114B107EE55FC0AF7D1FBA8" blockId="9.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE55FC0AF7B0FBF8" bold="true" box="[312,482,1004,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Flight period.</emphasis>
ARIZONA,
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51114B107ED11FC0AF4B1FBF8" box="[636,739,1004,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<date id="DE3769971114B107ED84FC0AF517FBF8" box="[745,837,1004,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1919-02">19 Feb.</date>
; contemporary records from
<date id="DE3769971114B107EBF5FC0AF76CFBD0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11 April to 7 May</date>
in Cochise Co. Gray phenotype: Gila Co., March, 1925;
<date id="DE3769971114B107EC9DFBF2F221FBD0" box="[1008,1139,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1947-03-25">25.iii.1947</date>
; Coconino Co.,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EE65FBDAF72DFBA8" box="[264,383,1084,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1962-05-10">10.v.1962</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC1114B107EE55FB82F575FB58" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA364F571114B107EE55FB82F575FB58" blockId="9.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE55FB82F4D0FB80" bold="true" box="[312,642,1124,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
ARIZONA, Cochise Co., (typical
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB1BFB82F34BFB83" box="[1142,1305,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB1BFB82F34BFB83" box="[1142,1305,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Coconino and Gila counties (gray phenotype).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2931CDC1114B104EE55FB52F5F5F8AB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA364F571114B107EE55FB52F56AFA18" blockId="9.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE55FB52F464FB30" bold="true" box="[312,566,1204,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined:</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107ED20FB52F4A2FB33" box="[589,752,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107ED20FB52F4A2FB33" box="[589,752,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EC7CFB52F51BFB30" box="[785,841,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="36.0">36m</quantity>
, 51f;
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51114B107ECF7FB52F253FB30" box="[922,1025,1204,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by photo): ARIZONA, Cochise Co., nr. Portal, E. side of Chiricahua Mts., ca.
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107ECE5FB3AF5B6FB08" box="[904,996,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1525.0">1525 m</quantity>
,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EC82FB3AF23FFB08" box="[1007,1133,1244,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1988-04-13">13.iv.1988</date>
, G. Balogh (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EB90FB3AF374FB08" box="[1277,1318,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
, 3f); Huachuca Mts.: Copper Canyon,
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EDADFAE2F549FAE0" box="[704,795,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1675.0">1675 m</quantity>
,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EC4BFAE2F5D5FAE0" box="[806,903,1284,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1986-04-15">15.iv.86</date>
, J. Brown (2f); Miller Canyon,
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EB9CFAE2F770FAB8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1775.0">1775 m</quantity>
, 13,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EE34FACAF725FAB8" box="[345,375,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1988-04-15">15</date>
.iv.88, J. Powell (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107ED2CFACAF438FAB8" box="[577,618,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
),
<date id="DE3769971114B107ED12FACAF48DFAB8" box="[639,735,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1986-04-14">14.iv.86</date>
, Powell &amp; Wagner(
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107ECA0FACAF5BCFAB8" box="[973,1006,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
, 2f); Ash Canyon,
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EBA6FACAF375FAB8" box="[1227,1319,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.577" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1577.0">1577 m</quantity>
, 11.vi–7.v.
<date id="DE3769971114B107EE1EFAB2F451FA90" box="[371,515,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1982" valueMax="2004">1982–2004</date>
,N. McFarland (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EDD3FAB2F4B5FA90" box="[702,743,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="8.0">8m</quantity>
, 3f); Ash Canyon,
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107ECA0FAB2F278FA90" box="[973,1066,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.623" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1623.0">1623 m</quantity>
, 17,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EB0BFAB2F2D1FA90" box="[1126,1155,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2004-04-21">21</date>
.iv.2004, C.D. Ferris (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EE33FA9AF7C7FA68" box="[350,405,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="21.0">21m</quantity>
, 37f); Carr Canyon,
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EDE0FA9AF4B9FA68" box="[653,747,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7119999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1712.0">1712 m</quantity>
,
<date id="DE3769971114B107ED95FA9AF50BFA68" box="[760,857,1404,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1904-04-20">20.iv.04</date>
, C. D. Ferris (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EB6BFA9AF27DFA68" box="[1030,1071,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity>
, 4f); (
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB17FA9AF2B2FA6B" box="[1146,1248,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB17FA9AF2B2FA6B" box="[1146,1248,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EB91FA9AF377FA68" box="[1276,1317,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</quantity>
;
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51114B107EE65FA42F73CFA40" box="[264,366,1444,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 2
<typeStatus id="7532F1F51114B107EEABFA42F464FA40" box="[454,566,1444,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
by photo and genitalic slide): ARIZONA, Coconino Co., Oak Creek Canyon,
<date id="DE3769971114B107EED0FA2AF47CFA18" box="[445,558,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1962-05-10">10.v.1962</date>
, R. F. Sternitzky (
<quantity id="6D71E2B21114B107EC6CFA2AF579FA18" box="[769,811,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA364F571114B104EE55FA12F426FCE8" blockId="9.[264,1325,283,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,790]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE55FA12F414F9F0" bold="true" box="[312,582,1524,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Additional discussion</emphasis>
: Because he did not have genitalic preparations of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EBDFFA12F7BFF9C8" authority="McDunnough" authorityName="McDunnough" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EBDFFA12F76EF9CB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
, McDunnough
</taxonomicName>
placed this species in a different group from
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EC97F9FAF232F9CB" box="[1018,1120,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EC97F9FAF232F9CB" box="[1018,1120,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EBF5F9FAF472F9A0" authority="Cassino &amp; Swett, 1922" authorityName="Cassino &amp; Swett" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EBF5F9FAF379F9CB" box="[1176,1323,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">gilvipennata</emphasis>
Cassino &amp; Swett, 1922
</taxonomicName>
. Based upon the genitalia in both sexes,
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB61F9A2F2FDF9A3" box="[1036,1199,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB61F9A2F2FDF9A3" box="[1036,1199,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB81F9A2F734F97B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB81F9A2F734F97B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be closely related, and have asymmetric male genitalia.
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB1AF98AF379F97B" box="[1143,1323,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB1AF98AF379F97B" box="[1143,1323,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broad geographic distribution in western North
<collectingCountry id="D29E0FC71114B107ECEFF972F5B5F950" box="[898,999,1684,1710]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">America</collectingCountry>
from Arizona to southwest British
<collectingCountry id="D29E0FC71114B107EE32F95AF784F928" box="[351,470,1724,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Columbia</collectingCountry>
. Adults are polyphenic (
<figureCitation id="32B253D21114B107ED9EF95AF513F928" box="[755,833,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[353,1237,1169,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[326,1262,1159,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 13. Variation in facies of Eupithecia gilvipennata. a – b, two females, Tex Canyon, 30. iii. 2000, Cochise Co., Arizona, C. D. Ferris; c, adult male and pin labels for specimen illustrated" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169537/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig.13</figureCitation>
) and larger than
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EB6AF95AF2F8F92B" box="[1031,1194,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EB6AF95AF2F8F92B" box="[1031,1194,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen (
<figureCitation id="32B253D21114B107EE37F902F7E7F900" box="[346,437,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[353,1237,1169,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[326,1262,1159,1791]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 13. Variation in facies of Eupithecia gilvipennata. a – b, two females, Tex Canyon, 30. iii. 2000, Cochise Co., Arizona, C. D. Ferris; c, adult male and pin labels for specimen illustrated" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169537/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
c) illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="CE1832A61114B107EDE6F902F207F900" author="McDunnough" box="[651,1109,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" refString="McDunnough, J. (1949) Revision of the North American species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 93, Art. 8, pp. 533 - 728, plates 26 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1949">McDunnough (1949: pl. 31, fig. 11)</bibRefCitation>
as a topotypical
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EE65F8EAF73CF8DB" box="[264,366,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miamata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EE65F8EAF73CF8DB" box="[264,366,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">miamata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proved upon my dissection to be
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B107EC61F8EAF5CCF8DB" box="[780,926,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B107EC61F8EAF5CCF8DB" box="[780,926,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genitalia (
<figureCitation id="32B253D21114B107EB32F8EAF2E4F8D8" box="[1119,1206,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="10.[264,368,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[333,1262,936,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[325,1262,926,1678]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 14. Eupithecia gilvipennata genitalia. a, male genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened (arrow points to heavily chitinized smooth concavity), Cochise Co., Arizona; b, aedoeagus; c, everted vesica; d, sclerotized plates on the 7 th and 8 th (top) abdominal sternites; e, bursa copulatrix (arrow points to notch in shoulder); f, inverted image of e to enhance view of structures; g, female" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169538/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) differ in two major respects: male, the apex of the left valva is narrower and more acute than in
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41114B104EB90F8D2F7D5FECB" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biedermanata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451114B104EB90F8D2F7D5FECB" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">biedermanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and although somewhat variable the concave indentation is smoothly curved with a strongly sclerotized edge; female, there is a distinct notch in the shoulder where the ductus seminalis emerges from the ductus bursae. There are two additional species in Arizona that sometimes have been confused with
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41117B104EC36FE72F5BFFE53" box="[859,1005,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EC36FE72F5BFFE53" box="[859,1005,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EB69FE72F2D5FE53" box="[1028,1159,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">scabrogata</emphasis>
Pearsall and
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EE65FE5AF7DDFE2B" box="[264,399,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">hohokamae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE1832A61117B104EEFBFE5AF21AFE28" author="Rindge" box="[406,1096,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="18" refString="Rindge, F. H. (1963) Notes on and descriptions of North American Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). American Museum Novitates, 2147, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1963">
Rindge (1963: fig.
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE1117B104ED1EFE5AF490FE28" box="[627,706,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
genitalia; fig.
<specimenCount id="BC8F84DE1117B104EC01FE5AF582FE28" box="[876,976,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">7 female</specimenCount>
genitalia)
</bibRefCitation>
.Adults of the latter are polyphenic and look very similar to
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41117B104EDB1FE02F53CFE03" box="[732,878,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EDB1FE02F53CFE03" box="[732,878,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EC10FE02F252FE03" box="[893,1024,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">scabrogata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE1832A61117B104EB62FE02F4F8FDD8" author="McDunnough" pageId="10" pageNumber="18" refString="McDunnough, J. (1949) Revision of the North American species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 93, Art. 8, pp. 533 - 728, plates 26 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1949">McDunnough, 1949: pl. 31, fig. 12, adult; fig. 16B, genitalia</bibRefCitation>
) is nearly uniformly gray with variable fine dark DFW maculation. The valvae in the male genitalia are symmetrical with essentially smooth and convex outer margins; ventral plates are long, slender, and not bifurcated. The female genitalia differ substantially from
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41117B104ED01FD62F4ACFD63" box="[620,766,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104ED01FD62F4ACFD63" box="[620,766,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and from one another. Bolte’s (1990: fig. 286a, b) illustrations of the genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41117B104EDC9FD4AF565FD3B" box="[676,823,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EDC9FD4AF565FD3B" box="[676,823,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the extent of variation in the outer edge of the left valva (cf. fig. 14a). His illustration of the ventral plate (fig. 14e), however, appears to be from
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EE87FD1AF43FFCEB" box="[490,621,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">scabrogata</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FEF61FDF1117B104EE65F940F378F8D3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169538/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[333,1262,936,1677]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="AA364F571117B104EE65F940F378F8D3" blockId="10.[264,1323,1702,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EE65F940F7C5F940" bold="true" box="[264,407,1702,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6D8934D41117B104EEF0F941F4C9F940" box="[413,667,1703,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eupithecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvipennata">
<emphasis id="98FD93451117B104EEF0F941F4C9F940" box="[413,667,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eupithecia gilvipennata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genitalia. a, male genitalia less aedoeagus spread but not flattened (arrow points to heavily chitinized smooth concavity), Cochise Co., Arizona; b, aedoeagus; c, everted vesica; d, sclerotized plates on the 7th and 8th (top) abdominal sternites; e, bursa copulatrix (arrow points to notch in shoulder); f, inverted image of e to enhance view of structures; g, female
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA364F571117B104EE65F8D8F5F5F8AB" blockId="10.[264,1323,1702,1877]" box="[264,935,1854,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ovipositor lobes and apophyses; h, ovipositor lobes (flattened).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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