369 lines
53 KiB
XML
369 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="A8A01368261213733CCF4F949A64FA13" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88a90013-1d2c-412d-ac86-19f77b71223e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283424" ID-ZooBank="305F0208-A49B-4EBB-9249-8B8F8CF5E369" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460580870517" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lotzkat, Sebastian, Hertz, Andreas, Bienentreu, Joe-Felix & Köhler, Gunther" docDate="2013" docId="03FD7A3EFF99FFD0FF0AFF61FB47AF68" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03626p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3626 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dactyloa ibanezi Poe, Latella, Ryan and Schaad 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FFC40246FF87FFCFFF9DFFF6FFC8A910" masterDocTitle="Distribution and variation of the giant alpha anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the genus Dactyloa in the highlands of western Panama, with the description of a new species formerly referred to as D. microtus" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698324274614" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7142735276F4EB20734CA166F2ED0F11">Distribution and variation of the giant alpha anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the genus Dactyloa in the highlands of western Panama, with the description of a new species formerly referred to as D. microtus</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C277A6C7719AA979316EC460FB6B97B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F3AB153FC2DF5DD0D86E12245263E34C">Lotzkat, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E6DB093BC6D36FEDD0728D982F3B2D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7F498C1D5D47BD304EAB1844FD3DAA9B">Hertz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B6FAE29EFD6F851D06B7EF794B20D6E">Bienentreu, Joe-Felix</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="853A583966AD76BB77365E34C50FE706" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1AD74545D30EDF181AD02BE26F4D794D">Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D08A13DE5598DF393B3B6106AA8B8CDA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="767B79CB35B72663FC34250A8CF50525">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="74F81A2510C1C50D5BA7175C49B3045A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="83A4E9A231804B65C21CB718D906FE10" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D710E5D4148252D679F77CD57F89E7E">3626</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FA53CA0CE5A8B24FD75A4EAA2A1124B2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BB3EC7ACD364A8F68BF0F66DFAF4D1C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F43F3315DFC295CBA3E2A2278EC09826" type="Zenodo-Dep">283424</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD7A3EFF99FFD0FF0AFF61FB47AF68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6163809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6163809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD7A3EFF99FFD0FF0AFF61FB47AF68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD7A3EFF99FFD0FF0AFF61FB47AF68" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF99FFD1FF0AFF61FD35A846" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFF61FCF2A9A1" blockId="30.[151,826,151,210]" box="[151,826,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D0A37C44FF99FFD1FF0AFF61FCF2A9A1" bold="true" box="[151,826,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FF0AFF61FCF2A9A1" authority="Poe, Latella, Ryan and Schaad 2009" authorityName="Poe, Latella, Ryan and Schaad" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,826,151,177]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFF61FCF2A9A1" bold="true" box="[151,826,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFF61FEA8A9A1" bold="true" box="[151,352,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
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(Poe, Latella, Ryan and Schaad 2009)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFF4CFE17A9C2" blockId="30.[151,826,151,210]" box="[151,479,186,210]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FF0AFF4CFECBA9C2" box="[151,259,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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; 13; 17J–L; 18H–J.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFEF4FD35A846" blockId="30.[151,1436,258,403]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FF0AFEF4FE17A809" authority="Talbot (1974)" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,479,258,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocorum">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFEF4FE84A808" box="[151,332,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anolis chocorum:</emphasis>
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Talbot (1974)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Myers (1971: in part.); Auth (1994: in part.); Martínez and Rodríguez (1994); Martínez
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FAF4FEF5FA54A808" box="[1385,1436,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(1995); Young
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FEF9FED4FE51A827" box="[356,409,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(1999: in part.); Ibáñez
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FD0AFED4FD04A827" box="[663,716,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(2001: in part.); Fläschendräger and Wijffels (2009: in part.); Hamad (2009); Stadler (2010: in part.); Carrizo (2010: in part.).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF99FFD1FF0AFEA9FB3CA883" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFEA9FBFBA865" blockId="30.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,1075,350,373]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FF0AFEA9FE29A865" authority="Poe et al. (2009)" authorityName="Poe et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[151,481,351,373]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFEA9FEF8A865" box="[151,304,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anolis ibanezi:</emphasis>
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Poe
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FEFFFE96FE5DA865" box="[354,405,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Jaramillo
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FDCDFE96FD4CA865" box="[592,644,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010); Castañeda and de Queiroz (2011).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFE8BFB3CA883" blockId="30.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,1268,381,403]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FF0AFE8BFDEFA882" authority="Savage and Guyer" authorityName="Savage and Guyer" box="[151,551,381,403]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocorum">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFE8BFEA0A883" box="[151,360,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dactyloa chocorum:</emphasis>
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Savage and Guyer
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</taxonomicName>
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(1989: in part.); Savage (2002: in part.); Köhler (2003, 2008: in part.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF99FFD1FF0AFE36FC5AA8EC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF0AFE36FC5AA8EC" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF0AFE36FEC3A8C8" bold="true" box="[151,267,448,472]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<typeStatus id="54EF758AFF99FFD1FF0AFE36FECEA8C8" box="[151,262,448,472]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MSB 72574, male, from the trails of Parque Nacional General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera,
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<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FAFEFE49FA54A8C7" box="[1379,1436,447,471]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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North of El Copé, Coclé province,
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<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF99FFD1FD82FE13FDB0A8EC" box="[543,632,485,508]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Panama</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FD1AFE12FD03A8EC" box="[647,715,484,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1430,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection localities of Dactyloa specimens in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Black circles represent examined specimens and reliable photo records listed in the Appendix, gray circles stand for other localities that are mentioned in the text. One symbol may summarize several localities close to each other. See text for abbreviations and details. (1) Río Changena; (2) Bajo Mono, Sendero La Cascada; (3) Alto Chiquero; (4) Sendero El Pianista, Casa de Calixto; (5) Sendero Pianista, 1500 m; (6) Cerro Guayabo; (7) headwaters of Río Chiriquí Malí; (8) Quebrada Arena; (9) Willie Mazú; (10) Cerro Pata de Macho; (11) Cerro Saguí; (12) Río Flor; (13) Río Hacha; (14) W slope Cerro Santiago, La Nevera; (15) E slope Cerro Santiago, Quebrada Ardilla; (16) Cerro Mariposa; (17) Cerro Negro; (18) Río Chilagres; (19) Distrito de Donoso: between Botija, Brazo, Petaquilla, and Rio del Medio; (20) Camp Summit; (21) La Palma; (22) Cerro Dantas; (23) Parque Nacional Tapantí; (24) Sendero Quetzales on N slope Volcán Barú, 7000 ft = 2130 m; (25) Cerro Horqueta; (26) Boquete; (27) BPPS, transect of Hofer and Bersier (2001); (28) Smithsonian station at RFLF; (29) Quebrada Frank; (30) road to Almirante, 400 m; (31) PNGDOTH north of El Copé; (32) Valle de Antón; (33) Altos de Campana; (34) Isla Barro Colorado; (35) Nusagandí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283425/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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: loc. 31;
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FCAEFE12FC4DA8EC" box="[819,901,484,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1965,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,1121,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[156,1430,1118,1950]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution of Dactyloa ibanezi and D. insignis in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Localities of specimens with 16 S barcodes included in the molecular analyses are marked with an asterisk (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283446/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF99FFD1FF5AFDF1FB9BAA2F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF5AFDF1FB9BAA2F" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF5AFDF1FE89AB30" bold="true" box="[199,321,519,544]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A large species (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FD29FDF1FCCBAB0F" box="[692,771,519,543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 mm</quantity>
|
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) of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FC02FDFEFBCEAB30" box="[927,1030,520,544]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FC02FDFEFBCEAB30" box="[927,1030,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dactyloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB88FDFFFB9BAB30" box="[1045,1107,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Nicholson
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB4EFDFFFAC3AB30" box="[1235,1291,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2012) that is most similar in external morphology to the other members of this clade found in western
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<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF99FFD1FB15FDDBFB29AB54" box="[1160,1249,557,580]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB6FFDDBFD23AB78" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FB6FFDDBFABCAB54" box="[1266,1396,556,580]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casildae">D. casildae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FA1DFDDBFF22AB78" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">D. frenata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FF61FDA7FE55AB78" box="[252,413,592,616]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginaelisae">D. ginaelisae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FE2DFDA7FDFCAB78" box="[432,564,593,616]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">D. insignis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FDDAFDA7FD2FAB78" box="[583,743,592,616]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">D. kunayalae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FCACFDA7FC74AB78" box="[817,956,593,616]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FCACFDA7FC74AB78" box="[817,956,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FC41FDA6FB6AAB78" box="[988,1186,592,616]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FC41FDA6FB6AAB78" box="[988,1186,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can immediately be distinguished from these six species by its unique coloration consisting of immaculate green dorsal and lateral surfaces with several parallel, narrow, diagonal dark stripes on the flanks and bright yellow surrounding the eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FF02FD4AFF3BABC4" box="[159,243,700,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FE09FD4BFDC0ABC4" box="[404,520,700,724]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FE09FD4BFDC0ABC4" box="[404,520,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FD02FD4BFBA4ABC4" box="[671,1132,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FD02FD4BFCF1ABC4" box="[671,825,700,724]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginaelisae">D. ginaelisae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FCD8FD4BFC0BABC4" box="[837,963,701,724]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">D. insignis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FC52FD4BFBA0ABC4" box="[975,1128,700,724]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">D. kunayalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FB38FD4BFAE2ABC4" box="[1189,1322,701,724]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB38FD4BFAE2ABC4" box="[1189,1322,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having long legs (tip of fourth toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to eye or beyond
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FC67FD17FBA6ABE8" box="[1018,1134,736,760]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FC67FD17FBA6ABE8" box="[1018,1134,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB6EFD17FF26AA0C" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FB6EFD17FABDABE8" box="[1267,1397,736,760]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casildae">D. casildae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FA1CFD17FF22AA0C" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">D. frenata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FEB8FCF3FE57AA0C" box="[293,415,773,796]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FEB8FCF3FE57AA0C" box="[293,415,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having fewer subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe (41 or fewer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FB41FCF3FA99AA0C" box="[1244,1361,772,796]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB41FCF3FA99AA0C" box="[1244,1361,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 42 or more) as well as under the fourth finger (28 or fewer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FCBBFCDFFC51AA50" box="[806,921,808,832]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FCBBFCDFFC51AA50" box="[806,921,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 29 or more).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF99FFD0FF5AFCBDFD07AD4A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF5AFCBDFC10AC90" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FF5AFCBDFE91AA74" bold="true" box="[199,345,843,868]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FD94FCBAFDADAA74" box="[521,613,844,868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="278.0">278 mm</quantity>
|
||
(in our material); SVL to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FC17FCBAFC11AA74" box="[906,985,844,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FBF5FCBAFB7FAA74" box="[1128,1207,844,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females; tail very long, about 2.5 times SVL, compressed, without dorsal crest; legs long, tip of fourth toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to eye or beyond; internasals, canthals, and loreals keeled; scales of frontal and prefrontal area mostly rugose or keeled, almost flat in some specimens; IP distinct, surrounded by smaller, rugose scales; parietal eye distinct; scales of SS conspicuously enlarged, rugose; scales of supraorbital disk less conspicuously enlarged, rugose to slightly keeled; an elongate, keeled anterior superciliary scale, less than half as long as horizontal eye diameter, usually followed by a single similarly keeled, but much shorter scale; anterior sublabials slightly enlarged, but not as high as INL, keeled; scales of temporal arch much larger than those above and below; ear opening moderate, about as high as SPL and INL together, not as high as eye, about the size of IP; low nuchal and dorsal crests present; 0–2 rows of keeled middorsal scales slightly enlarged; other dorsal scales as well as lateral scales granular, keeled; ventrals larger than largest dorsals, very slightly keeled; scales on anterodorsal surface of thigh unicarinate; scales on dorsal surface of forearm unicarinate, becoming multicarinate towards wrist; fourth toe with well-developed dilated pad, about three times width of distal phalanx; male dewlap large, extending posteriorly to between one-fourth and one-third of the distance between axilla and groin in large specimens; female dewlap moderate, extending posteriorly to slightly beyond axilla; interspaces between the conspicuously demarcated gorgetal-sternal scale rows almost free of scales in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF5AFA7AFA5EACFC" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The completely everted hemipenis of MHCH 2184 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FC80FA7AFCB2ACB4" box="[797,890,1420,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,241,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,241,1828]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hemipenes of Dactyloa from western Panama: (A – C) Dactyloa casildae, SMF 91454: (A) sulcate, (B) asulcate, and (C) lateral view; (D – F) Dactyloa frenata, SMF 89467: (D) sulcate, (E) asulcate, and (F) lateral view; (G – I) Dactyloa ginaelisae, SMF 89498: (G) sulcate, (H) asulcate, and (I) lateral view; (J – L) Dactyloa ibanezi, MHCH 2184: (J) sulcate, (K) asulcate, and (L) lateral view; (M – O) Dactyloa kunayalae, SMF 91484: (M) sulcate, (N) asulcate, and (O) lateral view; all scale bars equal 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283442/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
J–L) is a medium-sized, slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well-developed sulcal lips, opening at base of apex into two broad concave areas, one on each lobe; large asulcate processus and ridge present; lobes finely calyculate, truncus with transverse folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD1FF5AFA01FAB6AE1C" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Coloration in life. Dorsal and lateral surfaces homogeneously green, grading to yellowish green laterally; three to five parallel, narrow, dark, usually slightly curved lines descending diagonally on flanks; eye surrounded by bright yellow; ventral surfaces white, light gray, or light greenish yellow; iris brown; male dewlap orange with an uninterrupted white margin in young males, in older males only anterior margin white; female dewlap violet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FAF2F992FF7DAF8F" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Our specimens showed little metachrosis, their green color only occasionally changing to greenish brown (compare SMF
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF99FFD1FED9F95AFE6EAFD4" box="[324,422,1708,1732]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2722586" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="89459.0">89459 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FE30F95AFE30AFD4" box="[429,504,1708,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FDB3F95AFD82AFD4" box="[558,586,1708,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">13</figureCitation>
|
||
E), but never throughout the whole animal. However, the intensity and width of the lateral stripes can alter considerably (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FD6FF939FCA0AFF7" box="[754,872,1743,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figures 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B). Color photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF99FFD1FB40F926FA54AFF8" box="[1245,1436,1744,1768]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FB40F926FA54AFF8" box="[1245,1436,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been published by Köhler (2008), Poe
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF99FFD1FDE3F903FD7DAE1C" box="[638,693,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009), Fläschendräger and Wijffels (2009), and Stadler (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF99FFD0FF5AF8E1FDA5A897" blockId="30.[151,1436,447,2020]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 91475,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF99FFD1FCD8F8E1FC69AE3F" box="[837,929,1815,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, G–I) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of body, base of tail, head, and limbs Parrot Green (260) with a suggestion of Lime Green (159), grading into Lime Green (159) with a suggestion of Chartreuse (158) laterally; flanks with a series of Hooker’s Green (162) diagonal stripes; scarce Clay Color (123B) and Hooker’s Green (162) mottling scattered on dorsal and lateral surfaces; tail posterior to base Sepia (219); a Sulfur Yellow (157) ring around eye; ventral surface of head Lime Green (159), those of body and base of tail Pratt’s Payne’s Gray (88) mottled with dirty white; iris Cinnamon (123A); dewlap True Violet (172) with a dirty white margin and gorgetal-sternal stripes where scales of the same color are concentrated. The coloration in life of a male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF758AFF98FFD0FC9DFF4BFCA8A9C5" box="[768,864,189,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SMF 89459;
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FB99FF4AFB9BA9C4" box="[1028,1107,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
; 13E, K, M, N) was recorded as follows (translated from Stadler 2010): Dorsal ground color of body, head, limbs, and tail Lime Green (159) with a suggestion of Yellow-Green (58); flanks with four diagonal, parallel dark green stripes; ventral ground color of body, head, limbs, and tail Chartreuse (158); a dirty white longitudinal stripe running from tip of snout to throat; ventral surface of thighs speckled with dirty white; eyes encircled by a Sulfur Yellow (157) line; dewlap Spectrum Orange (17) with Chartreuse (158) scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFE62FB99A8E4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Coloration in preservative. After 22 months of preservation in 70% ethanol, all green has turned to blue; male dewlaps are cream white with blue scales, female dewlap dark lilac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FC5CFE41FBD7A8DF" box="[961,1055,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 18. Preserved specimens of Dactyloa from western Panama: (A – D) Dactyloa casildae, (A) and (B) young male MHCH 2121, SVL = 69 mm; (C) and (D) female SMF 89453, SVL = 81 mm; (E – G) D. frenata, (E) male SMF 89467, SVL = 132 mm, (F) and (G) young male SMF 91460, SVL = 72 mm; (H – J) D. ibanezi, (H) male paratype SMF 89459, SVL = 78 mm, (I) and (J) female SMF 91475, SVL = 78 mm; (K – M) D. insignis, (K) adult female SMF 89482, SVL = 124 mm, (L) and (M) juvenile female SMF 91477, SVL = 64 mm; (N – Q) D. kunayalae, (N) and (O) male SMF 91484, SVL = 103 mm; (P) and (Q) young female SMF 91485, SVL = 64 mm; (R) and (S) D. ginaelisae, female SMF 91503, SVL = 100 mm; (T) and (U) D. microtus, young male SMF 91499, SVL = 65 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283443/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
H–J). In the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF758AFF98FFD0FB64FE4EFA91A8C0" box="[1273,1369,440,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMF 89459, after four years in preservative, the blue has largely turned to lilac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FC41FE2AFBE5A8E4" box="[988,1069,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 18. Preserved specimens of Dactyloa from western Panama: (A – D) Dactyloa casildae, (A) and (B) young male MHCH 2121, SVL = 69 mm; (C) and (D) female SMF 89453, SVL = 81 mm; (E – G) D. frenata, (E) male SMF 89467, SVL = 132 mm, (F) and (G) young male SMF 91460, SVL = 72 mm; (H – J) D. ibanezi, (H) male paratype SMF 89459, SVL = 78 mm, (I) and (J) female SMF 91475, SVL = 78 mm; (K – M) D. insignis, (K) adult female SMF 89482, SVL = 124 mm, (L) and (M) juvenile female SMF 91477, SVL = 64 mm; (N – Q) D. kunayalae, (N) and (O) male SMF 91484, SVL = 103 mm; (P) and (Q) young female SMF 91485, SVL = 64 mm; (R) and (S) D. ginaelisae, female SMF 91503, SVL = 100 mm; (T) and (U) D. microtus, young male SMF 91499, SVL = 65 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283443/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFE09FCBFAB94" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FF5AFE09FE3CAB08" bold="true" box="[199,500,511,536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FD9CFDF6FD0EAB08" box="[513,710,512,536]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FD9CFDF6FD0EAB08" box="[513,710,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Caribbean versant of eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF98FFD0FA81FE09FA54AB07" box="[1308,1436,511,535]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Limón province near border with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF98FFD0FDB3FDD2FD41AB2C" box="[558,649,548,572]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF758AFF98FFD0FD74FDD3FCD1AB2D" box="[745,793,549,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at PNGDOTH in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF98FFD0FB28FDD3FAD8AB2C" box="[1205,1296,549,572]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at low and premontane elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FE59FDB1FD9DAB4F" box="[452,597,583,607]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="735.0" valueMax="1070.0" valueMin="400.0">400–1070 m</quantity>
|
||
asl. It has been found in the Panamanian provinces of Bocas del Toro, Coclé, Colón, Veraguas, and the Comarca Ngöbe Buglé (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FC8BFD9AFCA1AB94" box="[790,873,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1965,1988]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,1121,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[156,1430,1118,1950]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution of Dactyloa ibanezi and D. insignis in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Localities of specimens with 16 S barcodes included in the molecular analyses are marked with an asterisk (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283446/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFD66FC71AA04" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FF5AFD66FE06ABB8" bold="true" box="[199,462,655,680]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were encountered at night while they were sleeping on leaves
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FAA2FD79FA54ABB7" box="[1343,1436,655,679]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground. The female SMF 91475 and, one night later, the male SMF 91476 were found at virtually the same place, within less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FE39FD21FE1AABFF" box="[420,466,727,751]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
distance between their respective sleeping sites. Around our collection sites of this species, we also found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FE07FD0AFD9FAA04" box="[410,599,764,788]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FE07FD0AFD9FAA04" box="[410,599,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dactyloa frenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FDF8FD0BFD16AA04" box="[613,734,765,788]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FDF8FD0BFD16AA04" box="[613,734,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FC81FD0BFC71AA04" box="[796,953,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FC81FD0BFC7DAA04" box="[796,949,764,788]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">D. kunayalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFCE9FCACAAB4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Our automatized temperature recordings at localities where we encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FB83FCD6FB15AA28" box="[1054,1245,800,824]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FB83FCD6FB15AA28" box="[1054,1245,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FB76FCE9FAA4AA27" box="[1259,1388,799,823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="690.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="480.0">480–900 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) range between 17.7–27.6°C. According to our combined dataset of 18 georeferenced occurrences, the species inhabits LMF, LWF, PMMF, and PMWF, with temperatures between 15.6–31.8°C, mean annual temperatures of 21.6–26.2°C and a total annual precipitation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FD31FC7AFCA8AAB4" box="[684,864,908,932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0375" metricValueMax="3.581" metricValueMin="2.494" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="3037.5" valueMax="3581.0" valueMin="2494.0">2494–3581 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFC59FD07AD4A" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FF5AFC59FEA6AAD8" bold="true" box="[199,366,943,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Jaramillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FE70FC47FDE2AAD8" box="[493,554,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010) calculated an EVS of 8 for
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FC45FC46FB09AAD8" box="[984,1217,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FC45FC46FB75AAD8" box="[984,1213,944,968]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chocorum">Dactyloa chocorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which at the time comprised the populations described by Poe
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FD3DFC23FD14AAFC" box="[672,732,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009) as
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FCC0FC23FC12AAFC" box="[861,986,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FCC0FC23FC1FAAFC" box="[861,983,980,1004]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">D. ibanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and assigned the species to the IUCN category LC. For
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FEFCFC0FFE14AD00" box="[353,476,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FEFCFC0FFE11AD00" box="[353,473,1016,1040]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">D. ibanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we calculated the EVS as 4 (range) + 3 (persecution) + 4 (ecological distribution) = 11. Its extent of occurrence of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FE61FBE9FDA9AD27" box="[508,609,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.336" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="7336.0">7336 km</quantity>
|
||
2 and the continuing deforestation we observed in the region qualify the species for the IUCN category “Vulnerable” (VU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FF98FFD0FF5AFB91FB47AF68" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFB91FAB4AC1F" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FF5AFB91FEF3AD6F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1127,1151]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The female dewlap was described and pictured by Poe
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FC45FB9EFBDDAD6F" box="[984,1045,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009:
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FBE8FB91FB72AD6F" box="[1141,1210,1127,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1823,1846]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,733,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,717,1776]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 Results of molecular analyses. (A) Consensus tree from Bayesian analysis. Scale bar refers to number of substitutions per site. (B) Parsimony network with a 95 % parsimony probability resulting in a connection limit of 10 steps; each node represents a unique haplotype separated from the next by one substitution step. Small circles represent unsampled haplotypes, rectangles the probably ancestral haplotypes. Locality numbers refer to Fig. 1. (C) Consensus tree from Maximum Parsimony analysis. Scale bar refers to number of changes over whole sequence." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283427/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) as “mostly dark orange.” Although the female pictured by these authors appears short-snouted and thus rather young, it remains unclear whether the difference in dewlap coloration between their and our female (with a violet dewlap,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FAB2FB59FAB5ADD7" box="[1327,1405,1199,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
G) is due to individual variation or ontogenetic change. Also, neither of the two possibilities can at this time be ruled out to explain the difference in dewlap coloration among our adult and young males (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFF98FFD0FB27FB01FADAAC1F" box="[1210,1298,1271,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Specimens of Dactyloa ibanezi from western Panama: (A) female SMF 91475 from Willie Mazú in sleeping position and (B) the next day; (C) male MHCH 2184 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) juvenile from Sendero Pianista, photo by Johannes J. Köhler; (E – G) dewlaps of (E) male paratype SMF 89459 from Cerro Mariposa, (F) male SMF 91476 from Willie Mazú, and (G) female SMF 91475; (H) lateral, (I) dorsal, and (J) ventral views of head of SMF 91475; enlarged postcloacal scales of (K) SMF 89459 and (L) MHCH 2184; ventral views of (M) left foot and (N) right hand of SMF 89459." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283437/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
E and F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FF98FFD0FF5AFAECFB47AF68" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1656]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The new records provided herein document for the first time the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FBF1FAEDFAE4AC23" box="[1132,1324,1307,1331]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FBF1FAEDFAE4AC23" box="[1132,1324,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Dactyloa ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Colón province and the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé. According to the catalogue of CHP, the specimen CHP 3529 from “Bocas del Toro” was collected at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FDFFFA94FD70AC6A" box="[610,696,1378,1402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1067.0">1067 m</quantity>
|
||
, which is the highest elevation reported so far for
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FB47FA95FA54AC6B" box="[1242,1436,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFF98FFD0FB47FA95FA51AC6B" box="[1242,1433,1379,1403]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">Dactyloa ibanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Köhler (2008, p. 99: Fig. 196) pictured an individual from “Reserva Forestal
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF98FFD0FC74FA7EFB89AC8F" box="[1001,1089,1416,1439]" name="Wallis and Futuna" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fortuna</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FF98FFD0FBD1FA7EFB6EAC8F" box="[1100,1190,1416,1439]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFF98FFD0FB2CFA71FB3EAC8F" box="[1201,1270,1415,1439]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
asl.” Since the photo was taken on the Caribbean versant (B. Akeret, pers. comm.), the correct locality is BPPS in the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé, and is ubicated more to the north than the corresponding points mapped by Köhler (2008) and Poe
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFF98FFD0FA15FA26FF7BAF1B" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009). On their distribution map, the latter authors plotted a point in the Pacific drainage in southwestern Veraguas province, well south of the Cordillera Central. However, no corresponding specimen is mentioned, and we are unaware of any specimen or observation underlying this distributional record. To our knowledge, the species has not yet been reported from the Pacific versant west of the region around Santa Fé, Veraguas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |