785 lines
117 KiB
XML
785 lines
117 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0C1B895941F5A699D4B339A9572908A2">Delimitation of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860) and Ophioderma unicolor H. L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), including the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FD58551C4B590C82951C29F930E2234">Humara-Gil, Karla J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3450E1D28FCDB59940489D4DBE7C702B">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77F87B24EA7BA94387423699E94576AA" type="email">k.humaragil@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6EAEE6892B83E26788FCE01C837CEEC9">Granja-Fernández, Rebeca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D0B24B8FBA5049A9DB851ECBDD10375">Postdoctoral researcher (CONAHCYT) associated with Programa de Maestría en Biosistemática y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas (BIMARENA) / Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX). Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A318E1D044A075F4A69597398BFCDFA1" type="email">beckygranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F1F014C56DF2BF17397E658A932F2107">Bautista-Guerrero, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CAAF51F328183513717C5929C6914A2">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="55EFF84F9B33A2C5D98DD9586DAF05EB">Colección Nacional de Equinodermos “ Dra. Ma. Elena Caso Muñoz ”, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0EA309282B71DEF918B4F6F34A576C2" type="email">fasolis@cmarl.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="108E43AEEC189CDC6246CC5B3183DBBD">Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DB685B7906EE93493D49B53E6AC9B466">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="338CCFAF2AA38DBA5E7E7CCCC0210D6D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B82014D9E81A355CD55F8F6F82FA662">947</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820856B9B1546154FDEC" blockId="20.[503,1085,576,639]" box="[503,1085,576,603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
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<heading id="D0AD2631FF9D820856B9B1546154FDEC" box="[503,1085,576,603]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D820856B9B15466A5FDEC" authority="H. L. Clark, 1940" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[503,972,576,603]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820856B9B1546794FDEC" bold="true" box="[503,765,576,603]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma unicolor</emphasis>
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H.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D8208540FB15566A5FDEC" author="Clark" box="[833,972,577,603]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9D8208549DB1556154FDEC" box="[979,1085,577,603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9D820855DFB17066CAFDC9" box="[657,931,612,639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820855DFB17066CAFDC9" blockId="20.[503,1085,576,639]" box="[657,931,612,639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9D820855DFB17067B2FDC8" box="[657,731,612,639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[239,1348,265,1851]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860), Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., Ophioderma aija sp. nov., and Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. in the eastern Pacific. A. Gulf of California. B. Revillagigedo Islands. C. Mexican Tropical Pacific. D. Central America and Colombia. E. Galapagos Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9D820855A6B1716790FDC8" box="[744,761,613,639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">7</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6D8A4E6FF9D82085448B17066E1FDC9" box="[774,904,612,638]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStartId-0="5.[185,255,655,683]" captionStartId-1="6.[186,256,582,610]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1897,838,1702]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Table 1. Main external and internal morphological characters that distinguish the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The number of DAP pieces is given as an interval, followed by the mean in parentheses. A dash (–) indicates no data are available due to lack of material. Abbreviations: AL = arm length; DAP = dorsal arm plate; DD = disc diameter." captionText-1="Table 2. Morphometric data with the highest contribution to the differentiation of the studied species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. The ratios and counts are indicated as intervals, followed by the mean in parentheses.Abbreviations: 1VAP_W:L = first ventral arm plate (VAP) width:length ratio; AS_prox_3, 5 = number of arm spines in the 3rd or 5th proximal arm segment; DAPs_med_1, 2, 3 = number of DAP pieces in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd median arm segment; DAPs_prox_3, 4, 5 = number of dorsal arm plate (DAP) pieces in the 3rd, 4th or 5th proximal arm segment; DD = disc diameter; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; OSh_W:L = oral shield width:length ratio; VAP_L:W_med = VAP length:width ratio (median arm section); VAP_pores = number of arm segments with pores present between the proximalmost VAPs." pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6D8A4E6FF9D820854DAB17066CAFDC9" box="[916,931,612,638]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[185,255,645,673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Summary of the comparisons of the analyzed evidence by pairs of species/morphotypes of Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840. A dash (–) indicates no data are available for one or both species/morphotypes compared." pageId="20" pageNumber="150">4</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D820857F3B1B16655FD77" authority="H. L. Clark, 1940: 342" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,828,677,704]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="teres" variety="unicolor">
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B1B164F8FD08" box="[189,401,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D82085684B1B16744FD08" box="[458,557,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">unicolor</emphasis>
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H.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D8208553CB1B16655FD77" author="Clark" box="[626,828,677,704]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="342" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark, 1940: 342</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B1F364F8FCB6" box="[189,401,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9D820856E0B1F367A9FCB6" author="Ziesenhenne F. C." box="[430,704,743,770]" page="191" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D820856E0B1F367A9FCB6" author="Ziesenhenne" box="[430,704,743,770]" firstAuthor="Ziesenhenne" page="191" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref27266" refString="Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 608" type="book chapter" year="1955">Ziesenhenne 1955: 191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(partim, non
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085411B1F36697FCB6" author="Lyman" box="[863,1022,743,769]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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). —
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085379B1F36078FCB6" author="Hickman" box="[1079,1297,743,769]" firstAuthor="Hickman" page="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" refId="ref25518" refString="Hickman C. P. Jr 1998. A Field Guide to Sea Stars and Other Echinoderms of Galapagos. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, Virginia." type="book" year="1998">Hickman 1998: 24</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085650B01F64D4FC93" author="Lyman" box="[286,445,778,805]" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref25910" refString="Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822" type="journal article" year="1860">Lyman, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B03964A3FCDD" blockId="20.[189,1398,743,910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4AB673FF9D820857F3B03964A3FCDD" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D820857F3B039675CFCF0" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,565,813,840]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="teres" variety="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B03964FAFCF0" box="[189,403,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D8208569CB039675CFCF0" box="[466,565,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9D82085519B03A6655FCFF" author="Downey M. E." box="[599,828,813,840]" page="115" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085519B03A6655FCFF" author="Downey" box="[599,828,813,840]" firstAuthor="Downey" page="115" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref24648" refString="Downey M. E. 1969. Catalog of recent ophiuroid type specimens in major collections in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin 293: 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.293" type="journal article" year="1969">Downey 1969: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9D82085490B039601BFCFF" author="Granja-Fernandez M. R." box="[990,1394,813,840]" page="275" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085490B039601BFCFF" author="Granja-Fernandez" box="[990,1394,813,840]" firstAuthor="Granja-Fernandez" page="275 - 279" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" refId="ref24810" refString="Granja-Fernandez M. R. 2019. Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata) del Pacifico oriental tropical. PhD thesis, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico." type="book" year="2019">Granja-Fernández 2019: 275–279</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9D82085656B044642AFCDD" box="[280,323,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" unit="g" value="37.0">37g</quantity>
|
||
–l (partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B06061C1FC39" blockId="20.[189,1398,743,910]" box="[189,1192,884,910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4AB673FF9D820857F3B06061C1FC39" box="[189,1192,884,910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D820857F3B0606492FC39" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,507,884,910]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="teres" subSpecies="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B0606492FC39" box="[189,507,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFBB74CFF9D82085557B0606600FC39" author="Humara-Gil K. J. & Granja-Fernandez R. & Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P." box="[537,873,884,910]" page="373" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085557B0606600FC39" author="Humara-Gil" box="[537,873,884,910]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" page="373" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820855E0B0606781FC39" box="[686,744,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022: 373
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4k, table 1 (stat. nov.).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9D820857F3B0A16777FB96" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B0A1645FFC78" blockId="20.[189,310,949,975]" box="[189,310,949,975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9D820857F3B0A1645FFC78" bold="true" box="[189,310,949,975]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B0A1645FFC78" bold="true" box="[189,310,949,975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B0F06777FB96" blockId="20.[188,1399,996,1057]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Radial shields naked. DAPs divided into multiple pieces (mean = 2, maximum = 6). Coloration uniform brown (preserved specimens).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9D820857F3B75C6415FA73" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B75C64C3FBD5" blockId="20.[189,426,1096,1122]" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9D820857F3B75C64C3FBD5" bold="true" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B75C64C3FBD5" bold="true" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF9D820857A4B76364B0FB60" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Hassler Expedition" country="Ecuador" location="Charles Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" specimenCode="OPH-114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos Islands" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857A4B7636435FB26" blockId="20.[189,1399,1143,1240]" box="[234,348,1143,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857A4B7636435FB26" bold="true" box="[234,348,1143,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9D820857A4B7636435FB26" box="[234,348,1143,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B78E64B0FB60" blockId="20.[189,1399,1143,1240]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9D820857F3B78E6422FB03" box="[189,331,1178,1204]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
• dry preserved specimen;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF9D820855D5B78E661EFB03" box="[667,887,1178,1204]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E85C786FF9D820854C8B78E615FFB03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3204BFF9D820B56B9B15466EBF8EC:8E85C786FF9D820854C8B78E615FFB03" box="[902,1078,1178,1204]" country="Ecuador" name="Charles Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" stateProvince="Galapagos Islands">Charles Island</location>
|
||
; 1872;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AFF48BFF9D820853DDB78E601EFB03" box="[1171,1399,1178,1204]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Hassler Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF9D820857B6B7A96451FB60" box="[248,312,1213,1239]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF9D82085671B7AA6432FB6F" box="[319,347,1214,1240]" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF9D8208562CB7A964BDFB60" box="[354,468,1213,1239]" collectionCode="OPH-" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">OPH-114</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B329B00FF9D820857A4B7EB610FFAD7" collectingDate="1937-12-29" collectingDateMax="1937-12-30" collectingDateMin="1937-12-29" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Zaca Expedition" country="Nicaragua" elevation="4" latitude="12.474444" location="Corinto" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-87.18083" municipality="Cardon Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" specimenCode="OPH-6153" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857A4B7EB6435FAAE" blockId="20.[189,1399,1279,1376]" box="[234,348,1279,1305]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857A4B7EB6435FAAE" bold="true" box="[234,348,1279,1305]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9D820857A4B7EB6435FAAE" box="[234,348,1279,1305]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B6366103FAD7" blockId="20.[189,1399,1279,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9D820857F3B6366402FA8B" box="[189,363,1314,1340]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">NICARAGUA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9D820856C5B63664B6FA8B" box="[395,479,1314,1340]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
(preserved dry);
|
||
<location id="8E85C786FF9D820855FDB6366679FA8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3204BFF9D820B56B9B15466EBF8EC:8E85C786FF9D820855FDB6366679FA8B" box="[691,784,1314,1340]" country="Nicaragua" latitude="12.474444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-87.18083" municipality="Cardon Island" name="Corinto" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Corinto</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B810B27FF9D82085451B63666A2FA8B" box="[799,971,1314,1340]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Cardon Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF9D82085494B634611AFA8B" box="[986,1139,1312,1340]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="28" value="12.474444">12°28′28′′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF9D820853CCB6346048FA8B" box="[1154,1313,1312,1340]" degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-87.18083">87°10′51′′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9D8208527EB636601EFA8B" box="[1328,1399,1314,1340]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="3.6">
|
||
<elevation id="0077766EFF9D8208527EB636601EFA8B" box="[1328,1399,1314,1340]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="3.6">3.6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(2 fathoms) depth;
|
||
<date id="FFE4B79DFF9D820856D3B6516703FAE8" box="[413,618,1349,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" value="1937-12-29" valueMax="1937-12-30" valueMin="1937-12-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA04E75FF9D820856D3B6516703FAE8" box="[413,618,1349,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" value="1937-12-29" valueMax="1937-12-30" valueMin="1937-12-29">29–30 Dec. 1937</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26AFF48BFF9D82085538B652665EFAE8" box="[630,823,1349,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Zaca Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF9D82085437B65166D0FAE8" box="[889,953,1349,1375]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF9D8208548EB65266B5FAD7" box="[960,988,1350,1376]" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFC3926FF9D820854ADB651610FFAD7" box="[995,1126,1349,1376]" collectionCode="OPH-" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">OPH-6153</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857A4B6926415FA73" blockId="20.[189,422,1414,1476]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857A4B69264CFFA17" bold="true" box="[234,422,1414,1440]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
See Supp. file 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9D820857F3B6FF6632F89C" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B6FF67C0F9B2" blockId="20.[189,681,1515,1541]" box="[189,681,1515,1541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9D820857F3B6FF67C0F9B2" bold="true" box="[189,681,1515,1541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B6FF67C0F9B2" bold="true" box="[189,681,1515,1541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Designation of the new status as species</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B50E6632F89C" blockId="20.[188,1400,1562,1835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D820857F3B50E6496F983" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,511,1562,1588]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="teres" subSpecies="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B50E6496F983" box="[189,511,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially considered a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D8208548FB50E606CF983" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[961,1285,1562,1588]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D8208548FB50E6176F984" box="[961,1055,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
(H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085321B50E6194F983" author="Clark" box="[1135,1277,1562,1588]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later categorized as a subspecies based on the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4B0998FF9D820855F6B5296795F9E0" box="[696,764,1597,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085441B52966F4F9E0" author="ICZN" box="[783,925,1597,1623]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" refId="ref25791" refString="ICZN (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / [accessed 1 Jul. 2023]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 45.6.4) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9D82085307B5296002F9E0" author="Humara-Gil" box="[1097,1387,1597,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Humara-Gil" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" pagination="365 - 384" refId="ref25718" refString="Humara-Gil K. J., Granja-Fernandez R., Bautista-Guerrero E. & Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P. 2022. Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 365 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2071179" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Humara-Gil
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820853ACB52A6049F9E0" box="[1250,1312,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the detailed examination of both taxa revealed differences in characters that are diagnostic at the species level within the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D82085513B59766F4F92A" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" box="[605,925,1667,1693]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="teres" subSpecies="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D82085513B59766F4F92A" box="[605,925,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Ophioderma teres unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has naked radial shields, DAPs divided into up to six pieces, and a uniform brown coloration. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D8208535CB5B36107F977" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1042,1134,1703,1729]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D8208535CB5B36107F977" box="[1042,1134,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents radial shields that may be covered or naked, DAPs divided into up to 13 pieces, and a speckled color pattern. Given the differences in these relevant characters, a new status for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D82085439B5F96155F8B0" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" box="[887,1084,1773,1799]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="teres" subSpecies="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D82085439B5F96155F8B0" box="[887,1084,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">O. teres unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is herein proposed, raising its rank from subspecies to species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9D8208552DB4046783F89D" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[611,746,1808,1834]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D8208552DB4046783F89D" box="[611,746,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9D820855BCB4056632F89C" box="[754,859,1809,1835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9D820B57F3B44566DDFDAE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857F3B4456427F8DC" blockId="20.[189,334,1873,1899]" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9D820857F3B4456427F8DC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857F3B4456427F8DC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1873,1899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820857A4B4946435F82D" blockId="20.[189,1400,1920,2017]" box="[234,348,1920,1946]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9D820857A4B4946435F82D" bold="true" box="[234,348,1920,1946]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9D820857A4B4946435F82D" box="[234,348,1920,1946]" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9D820957F3B4B064DBFDAE" blockId="20.[189,1400,1920,2017]" lastBlockId="21.[189,1401,265,538]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="20" pageNumber="150">
|
||
DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9D82085647B4B7641FF809" box="[265,374,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="35.7">35.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9D82085687B4B76747F809" box="[457,558,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="20" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="128.0">128 mm</quantity>
|
||
, AL:DD = 3.6. Disc pentagonal, covered by minute rounded granules, slightly separated from each other. Granule size increasing from center to periphery and decreasing close to arm base. Some granules rubbed off, leaving scales visible. Dorsal disc granule density 39 per mm
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095652B238644CFE8D" attach="left" box="[284,293,300,314]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">2</superScript>
|
||
. Radial shields naked; visible section approximately 1.5 × as long as wide, oval; distance between radial shields about 3 × width of shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209545CB25B661DFEDE" box="[786,884,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small, oval plates of variable size (up to six) close to arm base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095690B2666701FE3A" box="[478,616,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral interradii covered with small granules of uniform size, separated from each other. Four genital slits per interradius. Proximal genital slits oval, in contact with distal section of oral shields and 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095519B2AD670BFE70" attach="left" box="[599,610,441,455]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
LAP. Distal genital slits oval, slightly longer than proximal ones, placed between 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956C2B2CF64F0FE5E" attach="left" box="[396,409,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
and 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956ADB2CF6499FE5E" attach="left" box="[483,496,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
arm segments; surrounded by granule-bearing scales and naked scales next to the arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095608B2EB64CDFDAE" box="[326,420,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820957F3B155676FFCC2" blockId="21.[188,1401,577,885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Oral shields 1.2× as wide as long, rounded triangular; proximal edge convex forming a rounded apex; lateral edges rounded; distal edge straight to concave. Madreporite rounded, broken in two pieces (a probable artifact of preservation), with a central depression; distal edge slightly concave. Adoral shields covered by small granules slightly separated from each other. Jaws with 9–11 oral papillae: LyOs the largest, 2 × as long as wide, angled upwards; AdShSp rounded triangular, pointed; 2°AdShSp similar in shape but slightly smaller than AdShSp; LOPas 3–6, conical, slender; IPa similar to LOPas, more robust; TPa 2–3 at jaw apex, pointed, robust. Teeth five, robust, rounded triangular to quadrangular. OPRSp not evident due to closed mouth. Oral plates covered with granules larger than those covering the adoral shields (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820956D5B04E6491FCC2" box="[411,504,858,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820957F3B0886610F987" blockId="21.[189,1401,924,1584]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Five arms rounded, tapering distally: two almost complete, one regenerating close to arm base and two regenerating from mid-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095572B0AB67F7FC6E" box="[572,670,959,985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm base with some small scales and few granules scattered between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820956A4B0F66725FC4B" box="[490,588,994,1020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). DAPs wider than long, typically divided into three and up to six irregular pieces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820956C6B7116762FB97" box="[392,523,1029,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). DAP pieces sequence of the longest arm: first ten segments, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1; 11
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956EDB73C64D9FB81" attach="right" box="[419,432,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
–20
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095692B73C6480FB81" attach="none" box="[476,489,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1–5; 21
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095517B73C670DFB81" attach="none" box="[601,612,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–30
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820955DEB73C67F4FB81" attach="none" box="[656,669,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 31
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095443B73C6671FB81" attach="none" box="[781,792,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–40
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209540BB73C663BFB81" attach="none" box="[837,850,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–5; 41
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209548CB73C66A4FB81" attach="right" box="[962,973,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–50
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820954B7B73C616FFB81" attach="none" box="[1017,1030,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–6; 51
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095338B73C61E8FB81" attach="none" box="[1142,1153,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–60
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820953E3B73C61D3FB81" attach="none" box="[1197,1210,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 61
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095264B73C605CFB81" attach="none" box="[1322,1333,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–70
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209522CB73C6006FB81" attach="none" box="[1378,1391,1064,1078]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 3–5; 71
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095659B75F644BFBEE" attach="none" box="[279,290,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–80
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095601B75F6435FBEE" attach="none" box="[335,348,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 81
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095688B75F64B8FBEE" attach="none" box="[454,465,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–90
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956B3B75F6763FBEE" attach="none" box="[509,522,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 91
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209553BB75F67E9FBEE" attach="none" box="[629,640,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–100
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820955F5B75F67A1FBEE" attach="none" box="[699,712,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 2–4; 101
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209540FB75F6625FBEE" attach="none" box="[833,844,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–110
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820954C8B75F66FAFBEE" attach="none" box="[902,915,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1–3; 111
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095344B75F617CFBEE" attach="none" box="[1034,1045,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–117
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095301B75F6135FBEE" attach="none" box="[1103,1116,1099,1113]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 1–3. Distalmost DAPs trapezoidal to triangular, entire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095508B77B67CAFB3E" box="[582,675,1135,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). First VAP small, 3× as wide as long, with rounded edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095788B786644DFB1B" box="[198,292,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsequent VAPs quadrangular, slightly longer than wide; distal edge convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820953ABB7866003FB1B" box="[1253,1386,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distalmost VAPs triangular, rounded, slightly longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209548EB7A1617CFB67" box="[960,1045,1205,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of pores between the 3–4 proximalmost VAPs in all five arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820955E0B7CD6663FB44" box="[686,778,1241,1267]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). LAPs conspicuous, wider than long, with up to 13 arm spines. Arm spine sequence of the longest arm (right side, including arm spine bearing segments within disc): first ten segments, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 11
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820954DDB60A66C9FA9B" attach="none" box="[915,928,1310,1324]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
–20
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095482B60A66B0FA9B" attach="none" box="[972,985,1310,1324]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 12–13; 21
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209532EB60B6102FA9A" attach="none" box="[1120,1131,1311,1325]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–30
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820953D9B60A61CDFA9B" attach="none" box="[1175,1188,1310,1324]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 11–12; 31
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095264B60B605CFA9A" attach="none" box="[1322,1333,1311,1325]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–40
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209522CB60A6006FA9B" attach="none" box="[1378,1391,1310,1324]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 11–12; 41
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209567CB6566454FAE7" attach="right" box="[306,317,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–50
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095627B655641FFAF8" attach="none" box="[361,374,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 10–11; 51
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956B7B656676DFAE7" attach="none" box="[505,516,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–60
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209557FB6556757FAF8" attach="none" box="[561,574,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 10–11; 61
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C8209558FB65667A5FAE7" attach="none" box="[705,716,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–70
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820955B6B655666CFAF8" attach="none" box="[760,773,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 9–10; 71
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095435B65666EFFAE7" attach="none" box="[891,902,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–80
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820954FDB65566A9FAF8" attach="none" box="[947,960,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 8–9; 81
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095369B656615BFAE7" attach="right" box="[1063,1074,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–90
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095310B6556102FAF8" attach="none" box="[1118,1131,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 8–10; 91
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820953AFB6566185FAE7" attach="right" box="[1249,1260,1346,1360]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–100
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095269B655605DFAF8" attach="none" box="[1319,1332,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 7–8; 101
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820957A7B671659DFAC4" attach="none" box="[233,244,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–110
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095660B6716452FAC4" attach="none" box="[302,315,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 6–8; 111
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956E0B67164D2FAC4" attach="none" box="[430,443,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
–120
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820956B8B671676AFAC4" attach="none" box="[502,515,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 6–8; 121
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C82095536B67167EAFAC4" attach="none" box="[632,643,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">st</superScript>
|
||
–126
|
||
<superScript id="7C2F3C15FF9C820955F0B67167A2FAC4" attach="none" box="[702,715,1381,1395]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">th</superScript>
|
||
, 4–5. Arm spines conical with blunt tips, flattened, ⅔ LAP length. Dorsalmost arm spine the shortest; ventralmost the longest and more robust, in contact with tentacle scales of the following segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820955FFB6B86661FA71" box="[689,776,1452,1478]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two tentacle scales, rarely three; adradial tentacle scale oval, just over ½ VAP length; abradial tentacle scale shorter and wider, ¾ adradial scale length, triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209560EB6E664ADF9BB" box="[320,452,1522,1548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the distalmost arm section, tentacle scales oval and elongated, adradial being the longest; last arm segments with only one scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095457B5016602F987" box="[793,875,1557,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820957F3B5436065F900" blockId="21.[189,1398,1623,1720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
General coloration uniform brown (dry specimen) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209546EB54366E8F9C6" box="[800,897,1623,1649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal side: disc brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209538FB543604BF9C6" box="[1217,1314,1623,1649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arms brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095655B56E64D4F923" box="[283,445,1658,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7D–F, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral side: interradii brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C8209540AB56E66CAF923" box="[836,931,1658,1684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shields brown; oral papillae and teeth cream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C82095619B58964BEF900" box="[343,471,1693,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). LAPs brown. Arm spines brown with cream bases and tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9C820953E5B5896197F900" box="[1195,1278,1693,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-12@22.[333,1254,265,1704]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm). A. Dorsal disc. B. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit). C. Closeup of a jaw. D. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base. E. Median dorsal arm. F. Distalmost dorsal arm. G. Proximalmost ventral arm. H. Median ventral arm. I. Distalmost ventral arm. J. Lateral arm plates and arm spines. K. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820957F3B5CB6709F94F" blockId="21.[189,608,1758,1785]" box="[189,608,1758,1785]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9C820957F3B5CB6709F94F" bold="true" box="[189,608,1758,1785]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9C820957F3B5CB6709F94F" bold="true" box="[189,608,1758,1785]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9C820957F3B5CB6446F94E" box="[189,303,1759,1785]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and non-type variations
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820957F3B419605FF8D9" blockId="21.[188,1398,1805,1902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9C820957BFB41A643FF89F" box="[241,342,1806,1832]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
was
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9C820956DEB419649EF89F" box="[400,503,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="29.7">29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size (DD). It overall agreed with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9C8209548CB4196140F890" box="[962,1065,1805,1831]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but differed in the following aspects: its oral shields were trilobed rather than rounded triangular, the 20 proximalmost DAPs were divided into more pieces (mostly four), and the maximum number of spines was 12 instead of 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9C820B57F3B48266DDFDAE" blockId="21.[187,1399,1941,2003]" lastBlockId="23.[188,1400,265,538]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="21" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Non-type specimens varied in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9C820955C4B481662DF807" box="[650,836,1941,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.02" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="23.65" valueMax="30.2" valueMin="17.1">17.1 to 30.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(DD). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9C820954FEB4816103F818" box="[944,1130,1941,1967]" count="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9C820953F3B4816003F818" box="[1213,1386,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" metricValueMax="2.07" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="18.9" valueMax="20.7" valueMin="17.1">17.1–20.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the distance between the radial shields was two times the shield width, smaller than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9C820953A8B4AC6038F865" box="[1254,1361,1976,2002]" pageId="21" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. In another specimen (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B56A9B21D673DFE94" box="[487,596,265,291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the distance was four times the shield width.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9E820B5332B21D604AFE94" box="[1148,1315,265,291]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B57F0B2386440FEF1" box="[190,297,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) presented small plates on the disc near the arm base, while the remainder only had granules. All specimens showed divided DAPs, but two of them (DD = 20.5 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B54B3B25B610FFEDE" box="[1021,1126,335,361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="20.7">20.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) had more entire rather than divided plates, with the latter composed of two pieces at most. The maximum number of arm spines varied by size, ranging from ten (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B55CDB2826785FE07" box="[643,748,406,432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to 13 (DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B54C5B282669EFE07" box="[907,1015,406,432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Finally, the coloration varied as follows:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9E820B566AB2AD64BCFE64" box="[292,469,441,467]" count="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, including the one with the lightest general coloration, presented some slightly darker granules on the dorsal disc, particularly in the center; the radial shields were either darker than the disc or the same color but with a significantly darker margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF25C1D5FF9F820A57F3B5CC64FCF85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13310033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310033/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="152" startId="22.[189,232,1752,1778]" targetBox="[333,1254,265,1704]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9F820A57F3B5CC64FCF85F" blockId="22.[188,1401,1752,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A57F3B5CC6462F945" bold="true" box="[189,267,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9F820A565FB5CC67B4F945" authority="H. L. Clark, 1940" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[273,733,1752,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="22" pageNumber="152" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A565FB5CC6766F945" box="[273,527,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">Ophioderma unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9F820A551DB5CC67B4F945" author="Clark" box="[595,733,1752,1778]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="22" pageNumber="152" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9F820A55ADB5CC6627F945" box="[739,846,1752,1778]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype (MCZ IZ OPH-114, DD = 35.7 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A57F2B5EF65B8F8A2" bold="true" box="[188,209,1787,1813]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A5633B5EF64F8F8A2" bold="true" box="[381,401,1787,1813]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral disc (inset: section between the arm and the distal genital slit).
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A524DB5EF6071F8A2" bold="true" box="[1283,1304,1787,1813]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Closeup of a jaw.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A562AB40A6410F88F" bold="true" box="[356,377,1822,1848]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximalmost dorsal arm. Arrowheads indicate the extra plates on the arm base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A57F3B45665B8F8EB" bold="true" box="[189,209,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Median dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A5692B4566487F8EB" bold="true" box="[476,494,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Distalmost dorsal arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A5451B455665FF8EC" bold="true" box="[799,822,1857,1883]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximalmost ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A53D8B45661C4F8EB" bold="true" box="[1174,1197,1858,1884]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Median ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A57B2B471646EF8C8" bold="true" box="[252,263,1893,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Distalmost ventral arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A5573B4716720F8C8" bold="true" box="[573,585,1893,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral arm plates and arm spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9F820A534AB4716171F8C8" bold="true" box="[1028,1048,1893,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="152">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: 2° AdShSp = secondary adoral shield spine; AdShSp = adoral shield spine; IPa = infradental papilla; LOPas = lateral oral papillae; LyOs = Lyman’s ossicle; RS = radial shield; TPa = tooth papilla; vT = ventralmost tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9E820B57F3B1546436FC37" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9E820B57F3B1546486FDED" blockId="23.[189,495,576,603]" box="[189,495,576,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9E820B57F3B1546486FDED" bold="true" box="[189,495,576,603]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B1546486FDED" bold="true" box="[189,495,576,603]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9E820B57F3B17B6436FC37" blockId="23.[188,1401,623,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B57F3B17B64D2FD3E" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[189,443,623,649]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B17B64D2FD3E" box="[189,443,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ophioderma unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B568CB1646742FD3D" box="[450,555,624,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was previously recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B543AB17B66B8FD3E" box="[884,977,623,649]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B5495B17B613EFD3E" box="[987,1111,623,649]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B53DDB17B619CFD3E" box="[1171,1269,623,649]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5255B164643CFD1B" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1940" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="teres" variety="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5255B164601FFD3E" box="[1307,1398,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57BCB186643CFD1B" box="[242,341,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B56EBB1866745FD1A" author="Clark" box="[421,556,658,685]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5577B187678BFD1B" author="Downey" box="[569,738,658,685]" firstAuthor="Downey" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref24648" refString="Downey M. E. 1969. Catalog of recent ophiuroid type specimens in major collections in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin 293: 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.293" type="journal article" year="1969">Downey 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B55A1B186613CFD1A" author="Mireles-Velazquez" box="[751,1109,658,685]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mireles-Velazquez" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="312 - 333" refId="ref26061" refString="Mireles-Velazquez D., Rosales-Contreras G. I., Conejeros-Vargas C. A., Solis-Marin F. A. & Granja-Fernandez R. 2021. Los ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) de la bahia de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 69 (S 1): 312 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 69 iSuppl. 1.46364" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Mireles-Velázquez
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B549DB1876166FD1B" box="[979,1039,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This study confirms its presence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B5607B1A264ABFD67" box="[329,450,694,720]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Cardon Island) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B55F7B1A26672FD67" box="[697,795,694,720]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF9E820B5467B1A2616AFD67" box="[809,1027,694,720]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (see Supp. file 1). On the other hand, the records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B5697B1CD675AFD44" box="[473,563,729,755]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
are invalidated as they correspond to a new species described below (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5789B1E96472FCA1" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,283,765,791]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aija" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5789B1E96472FCA1" box="[199,283,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. aija</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B566BB1E964EFFCA1" box="[293,390,764,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). The northernmost record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B55A3B1E9661FFCA1" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[749,886,764,791]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B55A3B1E9661FFCA1" box="[749,886,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from Cardon Island, Corinto,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B524EB1E86010FCA1" box="[1280,1401,764,790]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF9E820B5786B00B647AFC8E" box="[200,275,799,825]" degrees="12" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" precision="55555" value="12.0">12° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), and the southernmost from Chatham Island (also known as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B54BCB00B618EFC8E" box="[1010,1255,799,825]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">San Cristóbal Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499E5FBFFF9E820B53B3B00B647CFCEB" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B566EB05664EBFCEB" box="[288,386,834,860]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EF79AFF9E820B56DFB05764AAFCEA" box="[401,451,835,861]" degrees="0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" precision="55555" value="-0.0">0° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13618DD8FF9E820B5695B0566749FCEA" box="[475,544,834,861]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[239,1348,265,1851]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Distribution of Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860), Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940 stat. nov., Ophioderma aija sp. nov., and Ophioderma bichi sp. nov. in the eastern Pacific. A. Gulf of California. B. Revillagigedo Islands. C. Mexican Tropical Pacific. D. Central America and Colombia. E. Galapagos Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13310029/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species has been collected in rocks, sand, and algae, at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B57F2B0726432FC37" box="[188,347,870,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.465" metricValueMax="4.57" metricValueMin="0.36" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="24.65" valueMax="45.7" valueMin="3.6">3.6 to 45.7 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C340C2D6FF9E820B57F3B0B366EBF8EC" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9E820B57F3B0B36446FC76" blockId="23.[189,303,935,961]" box="[189,303,935,961]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD2631FF9E820B57F3B0B36446FC76" bold="true" box="[189,303,935,961]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B0B36446FC76" bold="true" box="[189,303,935,961]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9E820B57F3B0C267CCFAC4" blockId="23.[189,1400,982,1395]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
|
||
While establishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B56E6B0C2675DFC47" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[424,564,982,1008]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B56E6B0C2675DFC47" box="[424,564,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B550EB0C267D9FC47" box="[576,688,982,1008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B544FB0C266B5FC47" author="Clark" box="[769,988,982,1008]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="342" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark (1940: 342)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated MCZ IZ OPH-114 as “the type” (=
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9E820B5628B0ED64A6FBA4" box="[358,463,1017,1043]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of the then variety (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B559CB0ED6636FBA4" author="ICZN" box="[722,863,1017,1043]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref25791" refString="ICZN (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / [accessed 1 Jul. 2023]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 73.1.1). He also noted that a specimen from Cardon Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B56FBB7086758FB81" box="[437,561,1052,1078]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, “very similar” to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9E820B5477B70866CAFB81" box="[825,931,1052,1078]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, was in the same collection, along with two other specimens (MCZ IZ OPH-6153) (H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B546CB72B66C7FBEE" author="Clark" box="[802,942,1087,1113]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5347B72B61CDFBEE" author="Clark" box="[1033,1188,1087,1113]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="331 - 352" refId="ref24502" refString="Clark H. L. 1940. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on Echinoderms from the west coast of Central America. Zoologica 25 (3): 331 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 184708" type="journal article" year="1940">Clark (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not formally acknowledge the latter
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9E820B5694B77667F0FBCB" box="[474,665,1122,1148]" count="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9E820B5586B7776651FBCA" box="[712,824,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
but neither excluded them from its type series (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B578BB792643DFB17" author="ICZN" box="[197,340,1158,1184]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref25791" refString="ICZN (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / [accessed 1 Jul. 2023]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 72.4.6).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B554DB79267A9FB17" author="Downey" box="[515,704,1158,1184]" firstAuthor="Downey" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref24648" refString="Downey M. E. 1969. Catalog of recent ophiuroid type specimens in major collections in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin 293: 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.293" type="journal article" year="1969">Downey (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated those specimens as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9E820B5354B79261E3FB17" box="[1050,1162,1158,1184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B53F4B792602CFB17" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1210,1349,1158,1184]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B53F4B792602CFB17" box="[1210,1349,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but reported the lot with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9E820B56F9B7BD670CFB74" box="[439,613,1193,1219]" count="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
instead of three; the third specimen was likely lost. In accordance with the ICZN,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5637B7D8672CFB51" author="Downey's" box="[377,581,1228,1254]" firstAuthor="Downey's" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref24648" refString="Downey M. E. 1969. Catalog of recent ophiuroid type specimens in major collections in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin 293: 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.293" type="journal article" year="1969">Downey’s (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
inclusion of these specimens in the type series was appropriate at the time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B564FB7FB64E2FABE" author="ICZN" box="[257,395,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref25791" refString="ICZN (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / [accessed 1 Jul. 2023]." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 72.4.1). Nonetheless, the recent examination of the material revealed that one of the specimens (currently MCZ IZ OPH-167471, DD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA23CB8FF9E820B5408B60666D8FA9A" box="[838,945,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) did not correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B538CB6076023FA9B" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1218,1354,1298,1325]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B538CB6076023FA9B" box="[1218,1354,1298,1325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but to a different species (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B56BAB622672FFAF8" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[500,582,1334,1360]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aija" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B56BAB622672FFAF8" box="[500,582,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. aija</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B5503B62267C0FAE7" box="[589,681,1334,1360]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Remarks). Consequently, the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B53FBB6226054FAE7" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1205,1341,1334,1360]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B53FBB6226054FAE7" box="[1205,1341,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now comprises the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E12FFFFF9E820B5629B64D64A7FAC4" box="[359,462,1369,1395]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5C5AD4FF9E820B5549B64D67C8FAC4" box="[519,673,1369,1395]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE5915DFF9E820B57F3B68E66EBF8EC" blockId="23.[189,1402,1434,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B57F3B68E64D4FA03" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[189,445,1434,1460]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B68E64D4FA03" box="[189,445,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ophioderma unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B5686B68F675AFA02" box="[456,563,1435,1461]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has often been misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B54FDB68F6179FA03" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[947,1040,1435,1461]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B54FDB68F6179FA03" box="[947,1040,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B536CB68E6196FA02" author="Ziesenhenne" box="[1058,1279,1434,1461]" firstAuthor="Ziesenhenne" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="185 - 201" refId="ref27266" refString="Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 608" type="book chapter" year="1955">Ziesenhenne 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5243B68E6594FA6F" author="Hickman" firstAuthor="Hickman" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref25518" refString="Hickman C. P. Jr 1998. A Field Guide to Sea Stars and Other Echinoderms of Galapagos. Sugar Spring Press, Lexington, Virginia." type="book" year="1998">Hickman 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5647B6A9674BFA6F" author="Granja-Fernandez" box="[265,546,1469,1496]" firstAuthor="Granja-Fernandez" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref24810" refString="Granja-Fernandez M. R. 2019. Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata) del Pacifico oriental tropical. PhD thesis, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico." type="book" year="2019">Granja-Fernández 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; KJHG pers. obs.), but there are morphological differences between both species (see Designation of the new status as species). Despite the frequent confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B525FB6F56019FA4C" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1297,1392,1505,1531]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B525FB6F56019FA4C" box="[1297,1392,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. teres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B57F3B5106477F9A9" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,286,1540,1566]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B5106477F9A9" box="[189,286,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DF034FF9E820B5667B51064EDF9A9" box="[297,388,1540,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the EP (described below) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5472B5106010F9A9" authority="Muller & Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[828,1401,1540,1566]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5472B510612CF9A9" box="[828,1093,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Ophioderma cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
Müller & Troschel, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western Atlantic are more similar in appearance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B54D7B53C6148F9F6" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[921,1057,1575,1602]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B54D7B53C6148F9F6" box="[921,1057,1575,1602]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The three species share the covered adoral shields, DAPs divided into multiple pieces, and brown coloration. However, they differ in the following: 1) naked radial shields (sometimes with a darker margin) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B53F6B57A602BF930" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1208,1346,1645,1672]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B53F6B57A602BF930" box="[1208,1346,1645,1672]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B57F3B5856427F91C" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[189,334,1681,1707]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B57F3B5856427F91C" box="[189,334,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but covered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5548B585670CF91C" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[518,613,1681,1707]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5548B585670CF91C" box="[518,613,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) section between the arm and distal genital slits with naked and granule-bearing scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B56A8B5A06705F979" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[486,620,1716,1742]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B56A8B5A06705F979" box="[486,620,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B55EBB5A0665DF979" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[677,820,1716,1742]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B55EBB5A0665DF979" box="[677,820,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and only with granule-bearing scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B525EB5A06007F979" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1296,1390,1716,1742]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B525EB5A06007F979" box="[1296,1390,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) arms uniformly brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5540B5CC67FFF946" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[526,662,1751,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5540B5CC67FFF946" box="[526,662,1751,1778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B559EB5CC6646F946" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[720,815,1751,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B559EB5CC6646F946" box="[720,815,1751,1778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but banded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B54AFB5CC6119F946" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[993,1136,1752,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B54AFB5CC6119F946" box="[993,1136,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B539AB5CC6035F946" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1236,1372,1751,1778]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B539AB5CC6035F946" box="[1236,1372,1751,1778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the Pacific coast of Central America and the Galapagos Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B5326B5EF61A0F8A3" authorityName="Humara-Gil & Granja-Fernández & Bautista-Guerrero & Solís-Marín & Rodríguez-Troncoso" authorityYear="2024" box="[1128,1225,1786,1813]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5326B5EF61A0F8A3" box="[1128,1225,1786,1813]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. bichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Islands, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEADEFF9E820B55AEB40A6618F880" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[736,881,1822,1848]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cinereum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B55AEB40A6618F880" box="[736,881,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">O. cinereum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B54F5B409613DF880" box="[955,1108,1821,1847]" name="Bahamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34DD1CDFF9E820B5335B40961AAF880" box="[1147,1219,1821,1847]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B539DB4096592F8EB" author="Hendler" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hendler" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" refId="ref25357" refString="Hendler G., Miller J. E., Pawson D. L. & Kier P. M. 1995. Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B5272B40A6019F880" box="[1340,1392,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B5646B45567E9F8EC" author="Hernandez-Herrejon" box="[264,640,1857,1883]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hernandez-Herrejon" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="83 - 167" refId="ref25402" refString="Hernandez-Herrejon L. A., Solis-Marin F. A. & Laguarda-Figueras A. 2008. Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) de las aguas mexicanas del golfo de Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56 (3): 83 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 56 i 3.27082" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hernández-Herrejón
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B554EB4566752F8EC" box="[512,571,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBECACFF9E820B55C2B455661CF8EC" author="Gondim" box="[652,885,1857,1883]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gondim" pageId="23" pageNumber="153" pagination="45 - 96" refId="ref24736" refString="Gondim A. I., Alonso C., Dias T. L. P., Manso C. L. C & Christoffersen M. L. 2013. A taxonomic guide to the brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 307: 45 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 307.4673" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gondim
|
||
<emphasis id="B92E4D4FFF9E820B55BDB456664EF8EC" box="[755,807,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="153">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |