220 lines
32 KiB
XML
220 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="F391C7C5182C03A77BC88967F19BDC98" ID-DOI="10.5070/P939056976" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13743778" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726019530669" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cicimurri, David J., Knight, James L. & Ebersole, Jun A." docDate="2022" docId="03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.39.1.1-38.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 39 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0E19E0F9495DF1C9BA1290CB4A0EE6FA.1:PaleoBios.2022.journal_article" docStyleId="0E19E0F9495DF1C9BA1290CB4A0EE6FA" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2022.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Paralichthyidae REGAN 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFE67031413DFFD03D08FFB0FFC5FF90" masterDocTitle="Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1726020553803" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4175171C59133B1C84F13092AFFC091C">Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FE2BB0E03660DA75BAB1473B13567D0">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF56377DC669BC24897F76F1DED1CB42">Knight, James L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43F19DDF3177E59BB46DAEBAAF56F646">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B358B39E8CE62804C7016DA08E58D709">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6807FF31FD25CA929A4831394A418F93">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412AFFC73ED4FE2EFB3FFE46" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73ED4FE2EFA91FE26" blockId="23.[899,1453,318,506]" box="[988,1364,414,438]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0810E33412AFFC73ED4FE2EFA91FE26" allCaps="true" box="[988,1364,414,438]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC73ED4FE2EFA91FE26" ID-CoL="626JX" ID-ENA="171414" authority="REGAN, 1910" authorityName="REGAN" authorityYear="1910" box="[988,1364,414,438]" family="Paralichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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PARALICHTHYIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412AFFC739CCFE2EFA91FE26" author="Regan, C. T." box="[1220,1364,414,438]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="484 - 496" refId="ref34029" refString="Regan, C. T. 1910. The origin and evolution of the teleostean fishes of the order Heterosomata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 6 (35): 484 - 496." type="journal article" year="1910">REGAN, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73930FE0EFB3FFE46" blockId="23.[899,1453,318,506]" box="[1080,1274,446,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0810E33412AFFC73930FE0EFB3FFE46" allCaps="true" box="[1080,1274,446,470]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" reason="2">GEN. ET SP. INDET.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412AFFC73969FE52FA1EFB86" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73969FE52FB0AFE69" blockId="23.[899,1453,318,506]" box="[1121,1231,482,506]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<figureCitation id="134DA5DA412AFFC73969FE52FB0AFE69" box="[1121,1231,482,506]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="22.[112,187,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[147,1485,216,1027]" captionTargetId="figure-260@22.[112,1518,192,1045]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 9. Teleost teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Albula sp. tooth, SC2015.29.204 in profile (A) and basal (B) views. C, D. Osteoglossidae indet. tooth, SC2015.29.218 in profile (C) and basal (D) views. E–H. Sphyraena sp. cheek tooth, SC2007.36.120 in close-up showing serrations (E), labial (F), carinal (G), and basal (H) views. I–K. Sphyraena sp. laniary tooth, SC2007.36.190 in labial (I), basal (J), and anterior (K) views. L, M. Paralichthyidae indet. tooth, SC2007.36.259 in labial (L) and distal (M) views. N. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2015.29.185 in profile view. O. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2007.36.210 in profile view. P–R. Palaeocybium sp. tooth, SC2007.36.122 in labial (P), carinal (Q), and basal (R) views. S–U. Scomberomorus sp. tooth, SC2015.29.221 in lingual (S), carinal (T), and basal (U) views. Scale bar=0.4 mm in O; 0.5 mm in C, D, L–N, S–U; 1 mm in A, B, I–K; 3 mm in E–H, P–R." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743794/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">FIG. 9L, M</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73E68FDBFFA56FDBA" blockId="23.[832,1521,527,1891]" box="[864,1427,527,554]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC73E68FDBFFB74FDB9" bold="true" box="[864,1201,527,553]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Referred specimen (n=1)</emphasis>
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—SC2015.36.259.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73E68FD83FA1EFB86" blockId="23.[832,1521,527,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC73E68FD83FBC0FDDD" bold="true" box="[864,1029,563,589]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
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—This tooth is thin, needle-like, and measures approximately 1.0 mm in total height. In labial view, the margins of the tooth are relatively straight but gradually taper to a sharp point. In mesial and distal views, the tooth has a conspicuous lingual curvature, with a uniformly convex labial margin and a concave lingual margin. The main body of the tooth lacks carinae, but short labial and lingual cutting edges occur at the apex. The apex is slightly upturned and labiolingually flared. The tooth lacks ornamentation, and the enameloid at the crown apex is flared, semi-translucent, and lighter in color than that of the remainder of the tooth. The tooth has a conical cross section, and the base has a circular outline, is thin-walled and bears a shallow pulpcavity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36CEAD4412AFFC83E68FB90FE3BFE31" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F412AFFC73E68FB90FA35F8F3" blockId="23.[832,1521,527,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC73E68FB90FC1EFBAA" bold="true" box="[864,987,1056,1082]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
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—The combination of features occurring on SC2015.36.259 has also been observed by us on the teeth of Recent members of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC739E0FBD6FA5DFB10" box="[1256,1432,1126,1152]" family="Lepisosteidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepisosteiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lepisosteidae</taxonomicName>
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(gars) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC73E71FB39FBF8FB33" authorityName="REGAN" authorityYear="1910" box="[889,1085,1161,1187]" family="Paralichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paralichthyidae</taxonomicName>
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(large-tooth flounders). However, specimen SC2015.36.259 lacks finely striated enameloid ornamentation and has a more evenly convex labial edge when compared to any of the Recent gar teeth we examined. Our specimen, however, compares very well to the dentary incisors of a Recent
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC7399CFA89FBC4FAE6" authority="Jordan and Gilbert" authorityName="Jordan and Gilbert" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Paralichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethostigma">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC7399CFA89FA78FAC3" box="[1172,1469,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Paralichthys lethostigma</emphasis>
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Jordan and Gilbert
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412AFFC7392FFAECFA82FAE7" author="Jordan, D. S. & S. E. Meek" box="[1063,1351,1372,1399]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="235 - 237" refId="ref30842" refString="Jordan, D. S., and S. E. Meek. 1884. List of fishes observed in the Saint John's River at Jacksonville, Florida. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7 (427): 235 - 237." type="journal article" year="1884">
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<collectingCountry id="F361F9CF412AFFC7392FFAECFBBFFAE6" box="[1063,1146,1372,1398]" name="Jordan" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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and Meek, 1884
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</bibRefCitation>
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specimen we studied (MSC 42999), indicating that this tooth belongs to an Oligocene member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC739C5FA13FA57FA2D" authorityName="REGAN" authorityYear="1910" box="[1229,1426,1443,1469]" family="Paralichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paralichthyidae</taxonomicName>
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. Extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC73E48FA76FBC6FA70" authorityName="REGAN" authorityYear="1910" box="[832,1027,1478,1504]" family="Paralichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paralichthyidae</taxonomicName>
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is an extremely diverse family consisting of at least 14 genera and approximately 111 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412AFFC73E43F9BCFBEEF9B6" author="Nelson, J. S. & T. C. Grande & M. V. H. Wilson" box="[843,1067,1548,1575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32830" refString="Nelson, J. S., T. C. Grande, and M. V. H. Wilson. 2016. Fishes of the World, fifth edition. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. 752 pp." type="book" year="2016">Nelson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Unfortunately, the diversity within this family and our lack of Recent comparative material does not allow us to identify this tooth beyond the familial level. Nevertheless,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE412AFFC73976F9C6FA40F900" author="Ebersole, J. A. & D. J. Cicimurri & G. L. Stringer" box="[1150,1413,1654,1681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="481 - 518" refId="ref28424" refString="Ebersole, J. A., D. J. Cicimurri, and G. L. Stringer. 2021. Marine fishes (Elasmobranchii, Teleostei) from the Glendon Limestone Member of the Byram Formation (Oligocene, Rupelian) at site AWa- 9, Washington County, Alabama, USA, including a new species of gobiid (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae). Acta Geologica Polonica 71 (4): 481 - 518. [doi. org / 10.24425 / agp. 2020.134561]" type="journal article" year="2021">Ebersole et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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recently confirmed two unspeciated, otolith-based paralichthyid genera (
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC73EA2F90CFB88F946" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1862" box="[938,1101,1724,1750]" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Citharichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC73EA2F90CFB88F946" box="[938,1101,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Citharichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC412AFFC73986F90DFB31F949" authorityName="Ranzani" authorityYear="1842" box="[1166,1268,1725,1753]" family="Paralichthyidae" genus="Syacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902654D412AFFC73986F90DFB31F949" box="[1166,1268,1725,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Syacium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) from the Rupelian Glendon Limestone Member of the Byram Formation in
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<collectingRegion id="49B277BD412AFFC73E48F8B3FC10F88D" box="[832,981,1795,1821]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Washington</collectingRegion>
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County,
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<collectingRegion id="49B277BD412AFFC73949F8B3FB74F88D" box="[1089,1201,1795,1821]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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. These occurrences show that members of the family were well-established in the nearby Gulf Coastal Plain of the
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<collectingCountry id="F361F9CF412AFFC739B0F8F9FB2EF8F3" box="[1208,1259,1865,1891]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
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during the Oligocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83DE6FF73FDB6FF6A" blockId="24.[191,721,195,417]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83DE6FF73FDB6FF6A" authority="RAFINESQUE, 1810 b SCOMBROIDEI BLEEKER, 1859" authorityName="RAFINESQUE, 1810 b SCOMBROIDEI BLEEKER" authorityYear="1859" class="Actinopterygii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scombriformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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SCOMBRIFORMES
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83CCBFF73FD67FF4B" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[451,674,195,219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref33821" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1810 b. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana ossia catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale eseguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina, Italy. 70 pp." type="book" year="1810">RAFINESQUE, 1810b</bibRefCitation>
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SCOMBROIDEI
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83CC2FF53FDB6FF6A" author="Bleeker, P." box="[458,627,226,250]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref26689" refString="Bleeker, P. 1859. Enumeratio specierum piscium hucusque in Archipelago indico observatarum. Acta Societatis scientiarum Indo - Neerlandae 6: 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="1859">BLEEKER, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83DF7FEB3FD57FE8B" blockId="24.[191,721,195,417]" box="[255,658,259,283]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83DF7FEB3FD57FE8B" authority="RAFINESQUE, 1810 b" authorityName="RAFINESQUE" authorityYear="1810" box="[255,658,259,283]" family="Trichiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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TRICHIURIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83CBBFEB3FD57FE8B" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[435,658,259,283]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref33821" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1810 b. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana ossia catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale eseguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina, Italy. 70 pp." type="book" year="1810">RAFINESQUE, 1810b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83DF6FE93FD57FEAB" blockId="24.[191,721,195,417]" box="[254,658,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
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TRICHIURINAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83CBBFE93FD57FEAB" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[435,658,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref33821" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1810 b. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana ossia catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale eseguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina, Italy. 70 pp." type="book" year="1810">RAFINESQUE, 1810b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83C13FEF6FDB0FECE" blockId="24.[191,721,195,417]" box="[283,629,326,350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83C13FEF6FDB0FECE" authority="WINKLER, 1874" authorityName="WINKLER" authorityYear="1874" box="[283,629,326,350]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C13FEF6FE07FECD" box="[283,450,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">TRICHIURIDES</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83CCFFEF6FDB0FECE" author="Winkler, T. C." box="[455,629,326,350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="16 - 48" refId="ref36779" refString="Winkler, T. C. 1874. Deuxieme memoire sur dents de poisons fossils du terrain Bruxellien. Archives du Musee Teyler 4 (1): 16 - 48." type="journal article" year="1874">WINKLER, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83DB7FED6FE3BFE31" blockId="24.[191,721,195,417]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83DB7FED6FE91FEED" authorityName="WINKLER" authorityYear="1874" box="[191,340,358,381]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83DB7FED6FE91FEED" box="[191,340,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">TRICHIURIDES</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CF.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83C74FED4FD14FEEE" authority="WINKLER, 1874" authorityName=", Winkler" authorityYear="1874" box="[380,721,356,382]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagittidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C74FED4FE4EFEED" box="[380,395,356,381]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C9EFED6FDD8FEED" box="[406,541,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">SAGITTIDENS</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83F2CFED6FD14FEEE" author="Winkler, T. C." box="[548,721,358,382]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="16 - 48" refId="ref36779" refString="Winkler, T. C. 1874. Deuxieme memoire sur dents de poisons fossils du terrain Bruxellien. Archives du Musee Teyler 4 (1): 16 - 48." type="journal article" year="1874">WINKLER, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="134DA5DA4125FFC83C9AFE39FE3BFE31" box="[402,510,393,417]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="22.[112,187,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[147,1485,216,1027]" captionTargetId="figure-260@22.[112,1518,192,1045]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 9. Teleost teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Albula sp. tooth, SC2015.29.204 in profile (A) and basal (B) views. C, D. Osteoglossidae indet. tooth, SC2015.29.218 in profile (C) and basal (D) views. E–H. Sphyraena sp. cheek tooth, SC2007.36.120 in close-up showing serrations (E), labial (F), carinal (G), and basal (H) views. I–K. Sphyraena sp. laniary tooth, SC2007.36.190 in labial (I), basal (J), and anterior (K) views. L, M. Paralichthyidae indet. tooth, SC2007.36.259 in labial (L) and distal (M) views. N. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2015.29.185 in profile view. O. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2007.36.210 in profile view. P–R. Palaeocybium sp. tooth, SC2007.36.122 in labial (P), carinal (Q), and basal (R) views. S–U. Scomberomorus sp. tooth, SC2015.29.221 in lingual (S), carinal (T), and basal (U) views. Scale bar=0.4 mm in O; 0.5 mm in C, D, L–N, S–U; 1 mm in A, B, I–K; 3 mm in E–H, P–R." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743794/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">FIG. 9N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CEAD44125FFC83D98FE07FE27FDAB" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83D98FE07FE51FE65" blockId="24.[112,801,439,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83D98FE07FE8CFE41" bold="true" box="[144,329,439,465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD07FD4125FFC83D98FE07FF10FE41" box="[144,213,439,465]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83C60FE07FF74FE65" authority=", Winkler, 1874" authorityName=", Winkler" authorityYear="1874" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagittidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C60FE07FD5AFE41" box="[360,671,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Trichiurides sagittidens</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83FB9FE07FF74FE65" author="Winkler, T. C." pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="16 - 48" refId="ref36779" refString="Winkler, T. C. 1874. Deuxieme memoire sur dents de poisons fossils du terrain Bruxellien. Archives du Musee Teyler 4 (1): 16 - 48." type="journal article" year="1874">Winkler, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361F9CF4125FFC83DB7FE6AFEEDFE64" box="[191,296,474,500]" name="Belgium" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Eocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83D98FE4DFE27FDAB" blockId="24.[112,801,439,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83D98FE4DFE60FD87" bold="true" box="[144,421,509,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Referred specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83CB4FE4DFE34FD87" bold="true" box="[444,497,509,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">n=2</emphasis>
|
||
)—SC2007.36.210 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134DA5DA4125FFC83FF8FE4EFF53FDAB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="22.[112,187,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[147,1485,216,1027]" captionTargetId="figure-260@22.[112,1518,192,1045]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 9. Teleost teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Albula sp. tooth, SC2015.29.204 in profile (A) and basal (B) views. C, D. Osteoglossidae indet. tooth, SC2015.29.218 in profile (C) and basal (D) views. E–H. Sphyraena sp. cheek tooth, SC2007.36.120 in close-up showing serrations (E), labial (F), carinal (G), and basal (H) views. I–K. Sphyraena sp. laniary tooth, SC2007.36.190 in labial (I), basal (J), and anterior (K) views. L, M. Paralichthyidae indet. tooth, SC2007.36.259 in labial (L) and distal (M) views. N. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2015.29.185 in profile view. O. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2007.36.210 in profile view. P–R. Palaeocybium sp. tooth, SC2007.36.122 in labial (P), carinal (Q), and basal (R) views. S–U. Scomberomorus sp. tooth, SC2015.29.221 in lingual (S), carinal (T), and basal (U) views. Scale bar=0.4 mm in O; 0.5 mm in C, D, L–N, S–U; 1 mm in A, B, I–K; 3 mm in E–H, P–R." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743794/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9O</figureCitation>
|
||
), SC2015.29.185 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134DA5DA4125FFC83C7FFD91FE10FDAB" box="[375,469,545,571]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="22.[112,187,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[147,1485,216,1027]" captionTargetId="figure-260@22.[112,1518,192,1045]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 9. Teleost teeth from the Givhans Ferry Member, Ashley Formation (Rupelian), Dorchester County, South Carolina. A, B. Albula sp. tooth, SC2015.29.204 in profile (A) and basal (B) views. C, D. Osteoglossidae indet. tooth, SC2015.29.218 in profile (C) and basal (D) views. E–H. Sphyraena sp. cheek tooth, SC2007.36.120 in close-up showing serrations (E), labial (F), carinal (G), and basal (H) views. I–K. Sphyraena sp. laniary tooth, SC2007.36.190 in labial (I), basal (J), and anterior (K) views. L, M. Paralichthyidae indet. tooth, SC2007.36.259 in labial (L) and distal (M) views. N. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2015.29.185 in profile view. O. Trichiurides cf. T. sagittidens laniary tooth, SC2007.36.210 in profile view. P–R. Palaeocybium sp. tooth, SC2007.36.122 in labial (P), carinal (Q), and basal (R) views. S–U. Scomberomorus sp. tooth, SC2015.29.221 in lingual (S), carinal (T), and basal (U) views. Scale bar=0.4 mm in O; 0.5 mm in C, D, L–N, S–U; 1 mm in A, B, I–K; 3 mm in E–H, P–R." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13743794/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CEAD44125FFC83D98FDF4FCE5FB48" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83D98FDF4FCE5FB48" blockId="24.[112,801,439,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83D98FDF4FEF7FDCE" bold="true" box="[144,306,580,606]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Description</emphasis>
|
||
—Our sample consists of two ablated laniary teeth. As preserved, specimen SC2015.29.185 consists of a laterally compressed crown and some of the peduncle. In labial view the crown apex has a low, subtriangular outline, and in posterior view the enameloid-covered labial and lingual faces are weakly convex. The enameloid is smooth at the apex but is not preserved on the remainder of the specimen. The anterior and posterior margins are formed into a smooth, continuous and bi-convex cutting edge, and a small barb is located towards the apex on the posterior edge. The peduncle consists of dentine and is cylindrical and slightly curved medio-posteriorly. In basal view the tooth has a circular outline and a medially located pulp cavity is visible. Specimen SC2007.36.210 consists of a minute but well preserved crown apex. The crown of this specimen is triangular but taller than that of SC 2015.29.185, and the cutting edges are straight to weakly concave. The enameloid is smooth and a posterior barb is conspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36CEAD44125FFC83D98FB51FD1BF931" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9B95F4125FFC83D98FB51FD1BF931" blockId="24.[112,801,439,1697]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83D98FB51FECDFB6B" bold="true" box="[144,264,1249,1275]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
—The teeth in our sample clearly differ from the Ashley Formation
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83C85FAB4FD89FA8F" box="[397,588,1284,1312]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Sphyraenidae" genus="Sphyraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C85FAB4FDCAFAB0" box="[397,527,1284,1312]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Sphyraena</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
laniary teeth by having a highly laterally compressed enameloid apex and narrow, cylindrical neck. The overall morphology of these teeth, especially the size and shape of the posterior barb, is morphologically similar to Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83F3EFA21FEEAFA5F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83F3EFA21FCE5FA3B" box="[566,800,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Trichiurus lepturus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83D78FA04FEEAFA5F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[112,303,1460,1487]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" refId="ref31591" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, regnum animale, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis synonymis, locis. Tenth edition, volume 1, L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. 532 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSC 42592) laniary teeth, as well as to those of the Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C76C2DC4125FFC83C54FA67FCE5FA61" authority="Winkler, 1874" authorityName=", Winkler" authorityYear="1874" box="[348,800,1495,1521]" family="Trichiuridae" genus="Trichiurides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagittidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902654D4125FFC83C54FA67FDB4FA61" box="[348,625,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Trichiurides sagittidens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83F7EFA67FCE5FA61" author="Winkler, T. C." box="[630,800,1495,1521]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="16 - 48" refId="ref36779" refString="Winkler, T. C. 1874. Deuxieme memoire sur dents de poisons fossils du terrain Bruxellien. Archives du Musee Teyler 4 (1): 16 - 48." type="journal article" year="1874">Winkler, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE7C4AE4125FFC83DA0FA4AFE56F985" author="Ebersole, J. A. & D. J. Cicimurri & G. L. Stringer" box="[168,403,1530,1557]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref28341" refString="Ebersole, J. A., D. J. Cicimurri, and G. L. Stringer. 2019. Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths. European Journal of Taxonomy, 585: 1 - 274. [https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.585]" type="journal article" year="2019">Ebersole et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the Ashley Formation teeth could belong to the latter taxon,we only tentatively refer them to this species due to their incomplete preservation. Nevertheless, these teeth represent the first Oligocene records of cutlassfish in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B277BD4125FFC83F28F937FD1FF931" box="[544,730,1671,1697]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |