1090 lines
137 KiB
XML
1090 lines
137 KiB
XML
<document id="A3F6A16D555462CF186587BC85B20CC6" ID-CLB-Dataset="29078" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b17dc9b-12a0-4571-bffe-24d48324f7a0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1457567" ID-ZooBank="4A96289B-8C0A-4E5A-B2C0-B3D6E594B3CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539263455256" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souto, Camilla & Martins, Luciana" docDate="2018" docId="03D94A5DFC6FFFE1CF8BFA3CFAEEABFF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4457.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4457 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kassandrina Souto & Martins 2018, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4818B633-8D35-4F72-927A-A2E33ED62CD9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FFE03225FC63FFF5CF1CFFB8FF97AA77" masterDocTitle="Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)" updateTime="1698576870566" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EFC6E7FF6F602353B571DD60069E0036">
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<mods:title id="884FCA5B04133F8A9EF750D1CD902763">Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B0D88AB04031D2B5A5E09F93E59B917">Souto, Camilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED5FE61ABD4B8E9CCAE463C737994256">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="740D9CEF79031837719671CE3F4443D7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2A0C303E3B0977C78F3B406F954ADAE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B6690BF8F70D80E636C8C0CA31CEAD2">
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<mods:date id="C35CFFE3DA3A44390999691AC5DCBAA9">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B905274B738B48681AFEB143013AB7F7">2018-08-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3AAEE8E664A85513CC10C0F5F6A727A3">4457</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D94A5DFC6FFFE1CF8BFA3CFAEEABFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5978157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148691880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5978157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4818B633-8D35-4F72-927A-A2E33ED62CD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D94A5DFC6FFFE1CF8BFA3CFAEEABFF" lastPageId="20" pageId="12">
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<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFEB7AFC8" pageId="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFE32AFE9" blockId="12.[151,421,1412,1471]" box="[151,421,1412,1438]" pageId="12">
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<heading id="D0874C27FC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFE32AFE9" bold="true" box="[151,421,1412,1438]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFE32AFE9" bold="true" box="[151,421,1412,1438]" pageId="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFEA7AFE9" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,304,1412,1438]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CF8BFA3CFEA7AFE9" bold="true" box="[151,304,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="12">Kassandrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6FFFF9CE2BFA3CFE32AFE9" box="[311,421,1412,1438]" pageId="12" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CF8BFA1EFEB7AFC8" blockId="12.[151,421,1412,1471]" box="[151,288,1446,1471]" pageId="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6FFFF9CF83FA1EFE8FAFC8" box="[159,280,1446,1471]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionStartId-3="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetBox-2="[190,1395,863,1958]" captionTargetBox-3="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[190,1396,863,1958]" captionTargetId-3="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1457585/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Figs. 7–10</figureCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6FFFF9CF8BFA56FC05AC54" pageId="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CF8BFA56FBBBAC73" blockId="12.[151,1068,1518,1571]" box="[151,1068,1518,1541]" pageId="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB60DC65FC6FFFF9CF8BFA56FBBBAC73" box="[151,1068,1518,1541]" pageId="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6FFFF9CF8BFA56FE91AC73" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,262,1518,1540]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CF8BFA56FE91AC73" box="[151,262,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cassidulus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CE08FA48FED6AC72" box="[276,321,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12">pars</emphasis>
|
||
) —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1DD5AFC6FFFF9CE6CFA56FDA1AC73" author="" box="[368,566,1518,1540]" page="435" pageId="12">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CE6CFA56FD92AC73" box="[368,517,1518,1540]" pageId="12" refId="ref11139" refString="Gregory, J. W. (1892) Further additions to Australian fossil Echinoidea. Geological Magazine, 9, 433 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800190739" type="journal article">Gregory, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 435
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–436;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1DD5AFC6FFFF9CD69FA56FC89AC73" author="" box="[629,798,1518,1540]" page="81" pageId="12">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CD69FA56FD6CAC73" box="[629,763,1518,1540]" pageId="12" refId="ref12014" refString="Mooi, R. (1990 b) Living cassiduloids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): a key and annotated list. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 130 (1), 63 - 85." type="journal article">Mooi, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CC31FA48FCCDAC72" box="[813,858,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="12">pars</emphasis>
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||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1DD5AFC6FFFF9CC6CFA56FBBFAC73" author="" box="[880,1064,1518,1540]" page="53" pageId="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CC6CFA56FB95AC73" box="[880,1026,1518,1540]" pageId="12" refId="ref11175" refString="Holmes, F. C. (1999) Australian Tertiary Apatopygidae (Echinoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Uictoria, 111, 51 - 70." type="journal article">Holmes, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CF8BF9B5FC05AC54" blockId="12.[151,1068,1518,1571]" box="[151,914,1549,1571]" pageId="12">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB60DC65FC6FFFF9CF8BF9B5FC05AC54" box="[151,914,1549,1571]" pageId="12">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6FFFF9CF8BF9B5FEB1AC54" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,294,1549,1571]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CF8BF9B5FEB1AC54" box="[151,294,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="12">Procassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CE28F9B6FEF6AC54" box="[308,353,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="12">pars</emphasis>
|
||
) —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1DD5AFC6FFFF9CE93F9B6FDEDAC54" author="" box="[399,634,1549,1571]" page="223" pageId="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CE93F9B6FDDDAC54" box="[399,586,1549,1571]" pageId="12" refId="ref12053" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IU. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 363 pp." type="book">Mortensen, 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–226;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1DD5AFC6FFFF9CDA6F9B6FC1AAC54" author="" box="[698,909,1549,1571]" page="1" pageId="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CDA6F9B6FCE1AC54" box="[698,886,1549,1571]" pageId="12" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6FFFF9CF8BF9E8FC78AC1E" box="[151,1007,1616,1641]" pageId="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CF8BF9E8FC78AC1E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1616,2037]" box="[151,1007,1616,1641]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CF8BF9E8FEA5AC1E" bold="true" box="[151,306,1616,1641]" pageId="12">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6FFFF9CE25F9E8FCBAAC1E" authority="Mortensen, 1948 b" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[313,813,1616,1641]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CE25F9E8FDC1AC1F" box="[313,598,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12">Procassidulus malayanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6FFFF9CD42F9E9FCBAAC1E" box="[606,813,1616,1641]" pageId="12" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; here designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6FFFF9CFDBF9CCFB78AD6B" pageId="12" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CFDBF9CCFB78AD6B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1616,2037]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CFDBF9CCFED6ACFA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1652,1677]" pageId="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Apical disc monobasal with 4 gonopores. Petals with equal columns of respiratory podia. Ambulacral plates beyond petals with pores running along the middle. Interambulacrum 5 with 11–12 plates between basicoronal 5 and aboral edge of periproct. Naked zone along oral midline developed and pitted. Phyllodes short and with few occluded plates. Peristome transverse and pentagonal. Bourrelets bulged outwards because of internal depression on the basicoronal plates. Periproct aboral, longitudinal, and narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6FFFFACFDBF890FE0DAB90" lastPageId="15" pageId="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF9CFDBF890FDDFADFE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1616,2037]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6FFFF9CFDBF890FECEAD36" bold="true" box="[199,345,1832,1857]" pageId="12">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test oval (TW 70–80% TL), aboral region arched and not much inflated, oral region concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6FFFF9CF83F8F4FF74AD13" box="[159,227,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical disc anterior, monobasal with 4 gonopores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6FFFF9CC2EF8F4FC1BAD13" box="[818,908,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
); hydropores few and restricted to the center of the plate or numerous and widespread.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6FFFF8CFDBF82CFB22ABA7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1616,2037]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="13" pageId="12">
|
||
Petals short, not tapering, with roughly same L and W (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6FFFF9CC23F82CFC53ADDB" box="[831,964,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Figs. 7A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6FFFF9CCCCF82CFC63ADDB" box="[976,1012,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="12">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
); columns of respiratory podia equal, pore-pairs conjugated, inner pore round and outer pore elongated. Inner columns of pores straight or slightly bowed; outer columns straight or slightly bowed on posterior petals, and always bowed on anterior petals. Two to 3 primary tubercles per plate, at least one of them in poriferous zone. Ambulacra beyond petals increase 125–175% in relation to end-petal W; unipores in plates beyond petals: aboral plates wider than long (cubic in small specimens), pores on plate suture, in the middle of plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CC31FF67FC1FAA8F" box="[813,904,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and oral ambulacral plates longer than wide, pores on middle of plate suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CEE2FEBCFDCFAB6B" box="[510,600,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phyllodes with unipores, short (usually 4 pores per half), with 1–2 (rarely 3) occluded plates, not sunken, broad, greatest W proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CC57FE9FFC58AB48" box="[843,975,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Figs. 7C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CCC6FE90FB84AB37" box="[986,1043,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="13">8F–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner pores usually straight, outer pores piercing at an angle (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CEDAFEF5FE67AB13" box="[454,496,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="13">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
phyllodes are narrower on the inside). Pore on last plate displaced inwards (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CA54FEF5FAE6AB13" box="[1352,1393,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="13">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
not in an occluded plate). Ambulacral basicoronal plates pierced by large buccal pore and one per ambulacrum also pierced by a phyllopore in the sequence a, a, b, a, b from phyllode I–V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CCFFFE2CFBADABDB" box="[995,1082,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Buccal pores near phyllodes, facing upwards. Phyllodes with 6–7 round sphaeridia in open pits near buccal pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6EFFF8CB53FE0FFB3FABA7" box="[1103,1192,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC6EFFF8CF8BF8D7FEDEAD96" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="13" startId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" targetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6EFFF8CF8BF8D7FEDEAD96" blockId="13.[151,1436,1903,2017]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CF8BF8D7FE84ADF3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1903,1925]" pageId="13">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6EFFF8CE07F8D7FD9FADF2" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[283,520,1903,1925]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CE07F8D7FD9FADF2" box="[283,520,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="13">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6EFFF8CD13F8D7FD13ADF3" box="[527,644,1903,1924]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CD13F8D7FD13ADF3" bold="true" box="[527,644,1903,1924]" pageId="13">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6EFFF8CB7AF835FAC3ADD4" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1126,1364,1933,1955]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CB7AF835FAC3ADD4" box="[1126,1364,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13">Kassandrina florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6EFFF8CA47F836FF54ADB5" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6EFFF8CA47F836FF54ADB5" bold="true" pageId="13">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC6DFFFBCF8BF9CEFD66AD70" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="14" startId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" targetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6DFFFBCF8BF9CEFD66AD70" blockId="14.[151,1436,1654,1799]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6DFFFBCF8BF9CEFE83ACFB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1654,1676]" pageId="14">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6DFFFBCE00F9CEFD9DACFB" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[284,522,1654,1676]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6DFFFBCE00F9CEFD9DACFB" box="[284,522,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6DFFFBCD0EF9CFFD10ACFB" box="[530,647,1655,1676]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6DFFFBCD0EF9CFFD10ACFB" bold="true" box="[530,647,1655,1676]" pageId="14">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6DFFFACFDBF896FC61AA8C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1838,2007]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,845]" lastPageId="15" pageId="14">
|
||
Peristome transverse and pentagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6DFFFBCD92F896FC8FAD30" box="[654,792,1838,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 7C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth opening in center of peristomial membrane. Bourrelets bulged outwards because of internal depression on the interambulacral basicoronal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6DFFFBCA16F8EAFA18AD1C" box="[1290,1423,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 10C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
); bourrelets 1 and 4 narrower and least developed. Basicoronal plates elongated. Interambulacrum 5 with 11–12 plates between basicoronal plate and aboral edge of periproct; plates 2 and 3 much longer than wide. Naked zone along oral midline developed and pitted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6DFFFBCD6AF806FD69ADA0" box="[630,766,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Figs. 7B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6DFFFBCC10F807FCB8ADA0" box="[780,815,1983,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="14">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproct aboral, longitudinal and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6DFFFBCA28F806FA18ADA0" box="[1332,1423,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[184,1391,481,1866]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457581/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
); surrounding plates bend, forming a groove. Periproct framed adorally by 7th–9th plates, and adapically by 11th–13th plates. Periproctal membrane with one row of large plates forming a U and anus sitting on center of adapical region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6CFFFACF83FF5AFF61AA8C" box="[159,246,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[190,1396,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457583/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). A second large plate and smaller plates may be also present inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6CFFFACFDBFEBEFE0DAB90" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,845]" pageId="15">
|
||
Primary tubercles perforate and slightly crenulate. Ophicephalous pedicellariae numerous at ambitus. Valves (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACF83FE90FEAFAB37" box="[159,312,296,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.325" metricValueMax="2.67" metricValueMin="1.98" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="232.5" valueMax="267.0" valueMin="198.0">198–267 mm</quantity>
|
||
L;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6CFFFACE7FFE90FE49AB37" box="[355,478,296,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,863,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1396,863,1958]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457585/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Fig. 9A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with coarse teeth along whole blade margin; tip of blade with two series of teeth: upper series with small teeth, lower series with large, thick teeth. Hinge broad, handles conspicuous. Stem (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACA7EFEF2FF61ABF5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="385.0" valueMax="390.0" valueMin="380.0">380– 390 mm</quantity>
|
||
L;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6CFFFACE3CFED2FEE1ABF4" box="[288,374,362,387]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,863,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1396,863,1958]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457585/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) thin with broad cup. Tridentate pedicellariae small, in periproct groove. Oral tubercles with displaced mamelon and larger than aboral tubercles. Spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC6CFFFACC55FE34FC0AABD3" box="[841,925,396,421]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,863,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1396,863,1958]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457585/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
) hollow, shaft serrated along entire length or only distally, aboral spines short and straight, spines on lip above periproct and oral spines long and thin, bourrelet spines thin and curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6CFFFACFDBFE48FB91A826" pageId="15" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6CFFFACFDBFE48FB91A826" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,845]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACFDBFE48FED9A87E" bold="true" box="[199,334,496,521]" pageId="15">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Cassandra of Troy, depicted in the myth of Hecuba and Priam’s family as the odd sibling.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACFEDFDACFE62A85B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[241,501,532,556]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACFEDFDACFE62A85B" box="[241,501,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="15">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6CFFFACEE0FDAEFDF8A85C" box="[508,623,534,555]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACEE0FDAEFDF8A85C" bold="true" box="[508,623,534,555]" pageId="15">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is an odd
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACDFEFDACFCCAA85B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[738,861,532,556]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACDFEFDACFCCAA85B" box="[738,861,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="15">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Spelled with an initial “K” so that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC6CFFFACA08FDADFAD3A85A" box="[1300,1348,533,557]" pageId="15">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species abbreviation can be distinguished from the old combination. Gender feminine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FCE2A8CB" pageId="15" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FCE2A8CB" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,845]" pageId="15">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18F116FC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FB3FA8EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917076105" collectingDate="1922-05-10" collectingDateMax="1922-05-12" collectingDateMin="1922-05-10" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="Indonesia" elevation="270" location="Material" municipality="Kei Islands" pageId="15" specimenCode="ZMUC 236, ZMUC 521" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FD18A802" bold="true" box="[199,655,604,629]" pageId="15">
|
||
<location id="8EAFAD90FC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FEB8A802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D94A5DFC6FFFE1CF8BFA3CFAEEABFF:8EAFAD90FC6CFFFACFDBFDE4FEB8A802" box="[199,303,604,629]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Kei Islands" name="Material" pageId="15">Material</location>
|
||
examined (included species).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACD8BFDE4FC0AA803" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[663,925,604,628]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACD8BFDE4FC0AA803" box="[663,925,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="15">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6CFFFACCBAFDE6FB8CA804" box="[934,1051,606,627]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACCBAFDE6FB8CA804" bold="true" box="[934,1051,606,627]" pageId="15">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6CFFFACB30FDE4FA97A802" box="[1068,1280,604,629]" pageId="15" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAB6131FC6CFFFACA09FDE4FA00A802" box="[1301,1431,604,629]" pageId="15">Kei Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC6CFFFACF8BFD38FE90A8EE" box="[151,263,640,665]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="005D1C78FC6CFFFACE09FD38FE0EA8EF" box="[277,409,640,665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="15" unit="m" value="270.0" valueMax="290.0" valueMin="250.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACE09FD38FE0EA8EF" box="[277,409,640,665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="15" unit="m" value="270.0" valueMax="290.0" valueMin="250.0">250–290 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A2463FC6CFFFACEB5FD38FDD0A8EF" box="[425,583,640,664]" pageId="15" value="1922-05-10" valueMax="1922-05-12" valueMin="1922-05-10">
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC6CFFFACEB5FD38FDD0A8EF" box="[425,583,640,664]" pageId="15" value="1922-05-10" valueMax="1922-05-12" valueMin="1922-05-10">10–12.V.1922</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACD9FFD38FC83A8EF" box="[643,788,640,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="19.25" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="13.5">13.5–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD65330FC6CFFFACC3AFD38FC3AA8EE" box="[806,941,640,665]" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="15">ZMUC 236</specimenCode>
|
||
[S],
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD65330FC6CFFFACCF7FD38FBE7A8EE" box="[1003,1136,640,665]" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="15">ZMUC 521</specimenCode>
|
||
[S])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18F116FC6CFFFACBA4FD38FCE2A8CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917076094" collectingDate="2007-06-18" country="Indonesia" elevation="439" location="Off Bedwell Island" pageId="15" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<location id="8EAFAD90FC6CFFFACBA4FD38FA00A8EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D94A5DFC6FFFE1CF8BFA3CFAEEABFF:8EAFAD90FC6CFFFACBA4FD38FA00A8EE" box="[1208,1431,640,665]" country="Indonesia" name="Off Bedwell Island" pageId="15" stateProvince="Western Australia">Off Bedwell Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC6CFFFACF8BFD1DFEF5A8CA" box="[151,354,676,701]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="15">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="005D1C78FC6CFFFACE72FD1CFE21A8CB" box="[366,438,676,700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" pageId="15" unit="m" value="439.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACE72FD1CFE21A8CB" box="[366,438,676,700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" pageId="15" unit="m" value="439.0">439 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A2463FC6CFFFACEDEFD1CFDD2A8CB" box="[450,581,676,700]" pageId="15" value="2007-06-18">
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC6CFFFACEDEFD1CFDD2A8CB" box="[450,581,676,700]" pageId="15" value="2007-06-18">18.VI.2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACD65FD1CFD5FA8CB" box="[633,712,676,701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(AM J.24441).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC6CFFE5CFDBFD70F8FCAC48" lastPageId="16" pageId="15" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6CFFFACFDBFD70FACFA93B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,845]" pageId="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACFDBFD70FDDCA897" authority="(Gregory)" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[199,587,712,736]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACFDBFD70FE47A897" box="[199,464,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="15">Kassandrina florescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Gregory)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6CFFFACD48FD72FD5DA8A8" box="[596,714,714,735]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACD48FD72FD5DA8A8" bold="true" box="[596,714,714,735]" pageId="15">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACDC2FD70FB10A897" authority="Gregory, 1892" authorityName="Gregory" authorityYear="1892" box="[734,1159,712,736]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACDC2FD70FC44A897" box="[734,979,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="15">Cassidulus florescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC6CFFFACCC1FD70FB10A897" box="[989,1159,712,736]" pageId="15" refId="ref11139" refString="Gregory, J. W. (1892) Further additions to Australian fossil Echinoidea. Geological Magazine, 9, 433 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800190739" type="journal article">Gregory, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): Point Addis Lst., Late Oligocene–Early Miocene, Fyansford Hill, South Australia (NHM-UK E3772–3773 [Syntypes, TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACA14FD54FA1EA973" box="[1288,1417,748,772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22 mm</quantity>
|
||
]). Point Addis Fm., Late Oligocene, Point Addis and Airey’s Inlet, South Australia (CASG 71853 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACA0EFCA8FA06A95F" box="[1298,1425,784,808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="22.0">22–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
], LACMIP 4 2070.1 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC6CFFFACE80FC8CFD8CA93B" box="[412,539,820,844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="22.0">22–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
]). Janjukian Fm., Oligocene, Airey’s Inlet, South Australia (MV P82080).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC6CFFFACF8BF807FB51AD84" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457585/files/figure.png" pageId="15" startId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" targetBox="[190,1395,863,1958]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC6CFFFACF8BF807FB51AD84" blockId="15.[151,1436,1983,2035]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACF8BF807FE82ADA3" bold="true" box="[151,277,1983,2005]" pageId="15">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC6CFFFACE01F807FD9BADA2" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[285,524,1983,2005]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACE01F807FD9BADA2" box="[285,524,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="15">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC6CFFFACD08F807FD1DADA3" box="[532,650,1983,2004]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC6CFFFACD08F807FD1DADA3" bold="true" box="[532,650,1983,2004]" pageId="15">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC73FFE5CF8FFDF3FA15A817" box="[147,1410,587,608]" pageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC73FFE5CF8FFDF3FA15A817" blockId="16.[147,1410,587,608]" box="[147,1410,587,608]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CF8FFDF3FF6FA817" bold="true" box="[147,248,587,608]" pageId="16">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic morphological traits distinguishing the extant cassidulid species. Numbers in parentheses indicate rare occurrences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC73FFE5CEC4FDC1F8DBAF8F" pageId="16">
|
||
<table id="F97009EBFC73000ACF8FFDC1F8C1AF8F" box="[147,1878,633,1528]" colsContinueIn="17.[147,1860,730,1415]" gridcols="8" gridrows="12" pageId="16">
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFDC1F8C1A8B1" box="[147,1878,633,710]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FDC1FDF2A8B1" box="[427,613,633,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CEC4FDC1FDA4A8B1" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CEC4FDC1FDD1A8DD" italics="true" pageId="16">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACD99FDC1FCA9A8B1" box="[645,830,633,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CDADFDC1FD6CA8B1" authority="Krau" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" box="[689,789,633,710]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CDADFDC1FD6EA8DD" box="[689,789,633,682]" italics="true" pageId="16">Cassidulus mitis</emphasis>
|
||
Krau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACC42FDC1FB81A8B1" box="[862,1046,633,710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CC7BFDC1FC7BA8DD" authority="Mortensen" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CC7BFDC1FB98A8F9" box="[871,1039,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="16">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
Mortensen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACB28FDC1FB40A8B1" box="[1076,1239,633,710]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CB4BFDC1FB1DA8DD" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CB4BFDC1FB1DA8DD" italics="true" pageId="16">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC73FFE5CB93FD2DFB40A8DD" box="[1167,1239,661,682]" pageId="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FDC1FA24A8B1" box="[1273,1459,633,710]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CA0CFDC1FA17A8B1" authority="(A. Agassiz)" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CA0CFDC1FAE6A8DD" box="[1296,1442,633,682]" italics="true" pageId="16">Rhyncholampas pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Agassiz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACACFFDC1F916A8B1" box="[1491,1665,633,710]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5CAEBFDC1F9D7A8DD" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5CAEBFDC1F9D7A8DD" italics="true" pageId="16">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC73FFE5C95AFD2DF99BA8B1" pageId="16">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FDC1F8C1A8B1" box="[1707,1878,633,710]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC73FFE5C9A3FDC1F8B3A8DD" authority="Mooi" authorityName="Mooi" authorityYear="1990" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Eurhodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="relicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5C9A3FDC1F8C1A8F9" box="[1727,1878,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="16">Eurhodia relicta</emphasis>
|
||
Mooi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFCB2F8C1A94C" box="[147,1878,778,827]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFCB2FEE8A94C" box="[147,383,778,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16">Transversal cross-section of adult test1</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFCF9F8C1A917" box="[147,1878,833,864]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FCF9FDF2A917" box="[427,613,833,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FCF9FCA9A917" box="[645,830,833,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Domed</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FCF9FB81A917" box="[862,1046,833,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Domed</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FCF9FB40A917" box="[1076,1239,833,864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Domed</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FCF9FA24A917" box="[1273,1459,833,864]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFCF9F916A917" box="[1491,1665,833,864]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FCF9F8C1A917" box="[1707,1878,833,864]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="16">Domed</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFC21F8C1A9BD" box="[147,1878,921,970]" gridrow="3" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFC21F8C1A9BD" box="[147,1878,921,970]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16">Longitudinal cross-section of adult test1</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFC54F8C1AE6B" box="[147,1878,1004,1052]" gridrow="4" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFC54FEE8AE6B" box="[147,383,1004,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16">Greatest height of test</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FC54FDF2AE6B" box="[427,613,1004,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FC54FCA9AE6B" box="[645,830,1004,1052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FC54FB81AE6B" box="[862,1046,1004,1052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16">Posterior to apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FC54FB40AE6B" box="[1076,1239,1004,1052]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FC54FA24AE6B" box="[1273,1459,1004,1052]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFC54F916AE6B" box="[1491,1665,1004,1052]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FC54F8C1AE6B" box="[1707,1878,1004,1052]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="16">At apical disc</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFB97F8C1AE28" box="[147,1878,1071,1119]" gridrow="5" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFB97FEE8AE28" box="[147,383,1071,1119]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Occluded plates in phyllodes</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FB97FDF2AE28" box="[427,613,1071,1119]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FB97FCA9AE28" box="[645,830,1071,1119]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FB97FB81AE28" box="[862,1046,1071,1119]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FB97FB40AE28" box="[1076,1239,1071,1119]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FB97FA24AE28" box="[1273,1459,1071,1119]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFB97F916AE28" box="[1491,1665,1071,1119]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FB97F8C1AE28" box="[1707,1878,1071,1119]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="16">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFBC9F8C1AED4" box="[147,1878,1137,1187]" gridrow="6" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFBC9FEE8AED4" box="[147,383,1137,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16">Outer row of phyllopores organized in a column</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FBC9FDF2AED4" box="[427,613,1137,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FBC9FCA9AED4" box="[645,830,1137,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FBC9FB81AED4" box="[862,1046,1137,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FBC9FB40AED4" box="[1076,1239,1137,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FBC9FA24AED4" box="[1273,1459,1137,1187]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="16">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFBC9F916AED4" box="[1491,1665,1137,1187]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="16">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FBC9F8C1AED4" box="[1707,1878,1137,1187]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="16">Yes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFB15F8C1AE8D" box="[147,1878,1197,1274]" gridrow="7" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFB15FEE8AE8D" box="[147,383,1197,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16">Organization of large plates in periproctal membrane</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FB15FDF2AE8D" box="[427,613,1197,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FB15FCA9AE8D" box="[645,830,1197,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FB15FB81AE8D" box="[862,1046,1197,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FB15FB40AE8D" box="[1076,1239,1197,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FB15FA24AE8D" box="[1273,1459,1197,1274]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFB15F916AE8D" box="[1491,1665,1197,1274]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="16">1 row</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FB15F8C1AE8D" box="[1707,1878,1197,1274]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="16">1 row</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFAA9F8C1AF35" box="[147,1878,1297,1346]" gridrow="8" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFAA9FEE8AF35" box="[147,383,1297,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Columns of respiratory podia in paired petals</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FAA9FDF2AF35" box="[427,613,1297,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Differ by more than 1 pore-pair</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FAA9FCA9AF35" box="[645,830,1297,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Differ by more than 1 pore-pair</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FAA9FB81AF35" box="[862,1046,1297,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Differ by more than 1 pore-pair</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FAA9FB40AF35" box="[1076,1239,1297,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Differ by more than 1 pore-pair</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FAA9FA24AF35" box="[1273,1459,1297,1346]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Differ by more than 1 pore-pair</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFAA9F916AF35" box="[1491,1665,1297,1346]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Equal</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FAA9F8C1AF35" box="[1707,1878,1297,1346]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="16">Equal</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFAEFF8C1AFFF" box="[147,1878,1367,1416]" gridrow="9" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFAEFFEE8AFFF" box="[147,383,1367,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16">Number of plates framing periproct</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FAEFFDF2AFFF" box="[427,613,1367,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16">8[9]</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FAEFFCA9AFFF" box="[645,830,1367,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16">[7]8</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FAEFFB81AFFF" box="[862,1046,1367,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FAEFFB40AFFF" box="[1076,1239,1367,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FAEFFA24AFFF" box="[1273,1459,1367,1416]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="16">[7]8–9</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFAEFF916AFFF" box="[1491,1665,1367,1416]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="16">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FAEFF8C1AFFF" box="[1707,1878,1367,1416]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="16">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFA13F8C1AFB7" box="[147,1878,1451,1472]" gridrow="10" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFA13FEE8AFB7" box="[147,383,1451,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Periproct orientation</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FA13FDF2AFB7" box="[427,613,1451,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FA13FCA9AFB7" box="[645,830,1451,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FA13FB81AFB7" box="[862,1046,1451,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FA13FB40AFB7" box="[1076,1239,1451,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FA13FA24AFB7" box="[1273,1459,1451,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFA13F916AFB7" box="[1491,1665,1451,1472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Longer than wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FA13F8C1AFB7" box="[1707,1878,1451,1472]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC73000ACF8FFA5BF8C1AF8F" box="[147,1878,1507,1528]" gridrow="11" pageId="16">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC73000ACF8FFA5BFEE8AF8F" box="[147,383,1507,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Peristome orientation</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACEB7FA5BFDF2AF8F" box="[427,613,1507,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACD99FA5BFCA9AF8F" box="[645,830,1507,1528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACC42FA5BFB81AF8F" box="[862,1046,1507,1528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACB28FA5BFB40AF8F" box="[1076,1239,1507,1528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACBE5FA5BFA24AF8F" box="[1273,1459,1507,1528]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000ACACFFA5BF916AF8F" box="[1491,1665,1507,1528]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Wider than long</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC73000AC9B7FA5BF8C1AF8F" box="[1707,1878,1507,1528]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="16">Longer than wide</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC73FFE5C950F991F8FCAC48" blockId="16.[1612,1899,1577,1599]" box="[1612,1899,1577,1599]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC73FFE5C950F991F8FCAC48" box="[1612,1899,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC72FFE4CF8FFD0AFEFEA8B0" box="[147,361,690,711]" pageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC72FFE4CF8FFD0AFEFEA8B0" blockId="17.[147,361,690,711]" box="[147,361,690,711]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CF8FFD0AFF66A8B0" bold="true" box="[147,241,690,711]" pageId="17">TABLE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. (Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC72FFE4CEC9FD62F88EAFF0" pageId="17">
|
||
<table id="F97009EBFC72000ACF8FFD62F8D3AFF0" box="[147,1860,730,1415]" colsContinueFrom="16.[147,1878,633,1528]" gridcols="8" gridrows="8" pageId="17">
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFD62F8D3A951" box="[147,1860,730,806]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACED0FD62FDD6A951" box="[460,577,730,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CEC9FD62FDB8A951" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CEC9FD62FDD6A97C" italics="true" pageId="17">Cassidulus caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACDB0FD62FC98A951" box="[684,783,730,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CDB0FD62FD63A951" authority="Krau" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" box="[684,783,730,806]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CDB0FD62FD64A97C" box="[684,783,730,779]" italics="true" pageId="17">Cassidulus mitis</emphasis>
|
||
Krau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACC7CFD62FB90A951" box="[864,1031,730,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CC7CFD62FC74A97C" authority="Mortensen" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CC7CFD62FB90A887" box="[864,1031,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="17">Cassidulus infidus</emphasis>
|
||
Mortensen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACB2EFD62FB5BA951" box="[1074,1228,730,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CB51FD62FBE8A97C" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CB51FD62FBE8A97C" italics="true" pageId="17">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC72FFE4CB98FD4EFB5BA97C" box="[1156,1228,758,779]" pageId="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACA1FFD62FA04A951" box="[1283,1427,730,806]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CA1FFD62FAE4A951" authority="(A. Agassiz)" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CA1FFD62FAF4A97C" box="[1283,1427,730,779]" italics="true" pageId="17">Rhyncholampas pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Agassiz)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACAC8FD62F9E6A951" box="[1492,1649,730,806]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CAF5FD62F9A7A97C" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CAF5FD62F9A7A97C" italics="true" pageId="17">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC72FFE4C92AFD4EFA6AA951" pageId="17">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000AC9B2FD62F8D3A951" box="[1710,1860,730,806]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4C9B2FD62F885A97C" authority="Mooi" authorityName="Mooi" authorityYear="1990" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Eurhodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="relicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4C9B2FD62F8D3A887" box="[1710,1860,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="17">Eurhodia relicta</emphasis>
|
||
Mooi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFCC8F8D3A9CC" box="[147,1860,880,955]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACF8FFCC8FE16A9CC" box="[147,385,880,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17">Teeth on base of blade of ophicephalous pedicellariae</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACB2EFCC8FB5BA9CC" box="[1074,1228,880,955]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000AC9B2FCC8F8D3A9CC" box="[1710,1860,880,955]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFC71F8D3A994" box="[147,1860,969,995]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACED0FC71FDD6A994" box="[460,577,969,995]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACDB0FC71FC98A994" box="[684,783,969,995]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17">1 row</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACC7CFC71FB90A994" box="[864,1031,969,995]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17">1 row</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACA1FFC71FA04A994" box="[1283,1427,969,995]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17">2 rows</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACAC8FC71F9E6A994" box="[1492,1649,969,995]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17">2 rows</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFC51F8D3AE6D" box="[147,1860,1001,1050]" gridrow="3" pageId="17">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACF8FFC51FE16AE6D" box="[147,385,1001,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Large tridentate pedicellariae</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACED0FC51FDD6AE6D" box="[460,577,1001,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACDB0FC51FC98AE6D" box="[684,783,1001,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Not found</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACC7CFC51FB90AE6D" box="[864,1031,1001,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Not found</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACB2EFC51FB5BAE6D" box="[1074,1228,1001,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACA1FFC51FA04AE6D" box="[1283,1427,1001,1050]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACAC8FC51F9E6AE6D" box="[1492,1649,1001,1050]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17">Not found</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000AC9B2FC51F8D3AE6D" box="[1710,1860,1001,1050]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFBEAF8D3AEF5" box="[147,1860,1106,1154]" gridrow="4" pageId="17">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACF8FFBEAFE16AEF5" box="[147,385,1106,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Blade of narrow tridentate pedicellariae</th>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACED0FBEAFDD6AEF5" box="[460,577,1106,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACDB0FBEAFC98AEF5" box="[684,783,1106,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Narrow</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACC7CFBEAFB90AEF5" box="[864,1031,1106,1154]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Narrow</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACB2EFBEAFB5BAEF5" box="[1074,1228,1106,1154]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACA1FFBEAFA04AEF5" box="[1283,1427,1106,1154]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Narrow</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACAC8FBEAF9E6AEF5" box="[1492,1649,1106,1154]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="17">Narrow</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000AC9B2FBEAF8D3AEF5" box="[1710,1860,1106,1154]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFB27F8D3AEC3" box="[147,1860,1183,1204]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACB2EFB27FB5BAEC3" box="[1074,1228,1183,1204]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACAC8FB27F9E6AEC3" box="[1492,1649,1183,1204]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="17">?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFB46F8D3AF59" box="[147,1860,1278,1326]" gridrow="6" pageId="17">
|
||
<th id="76919075FC72000ACF8FFB46F8D3AF59" box="[147,1860,1278,1326]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17">Teeth on base of narrow tridentate pedicellariae</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540F909FC72000ACF8FFAD7F8D3AFF0" box="[147,1860,1391,1415]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACED0FAD7FDD6AFF0" box="[460,577,1391,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACDB0FAD7FC98AFF0" box="[684,783,1391,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACC7CFAD7FB90AFF0" box="[864,1031,1391,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000ACA1FFAD7FA04AFF0" box="[1283,1427,1391,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76919075FC72000AC9B2FAD7F8D3AFF0" box="[1710,1860,1391,1415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="17">Absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC72FFE4CF8FFA37FD5FAFA6" pageId="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC72FFE4CF8FFA37FF0AAFD5" blockId="17.[147,1859,1423,1489]" box="[147,157,1423,1442]" pageId="17">1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC72FFE4CF81FA22FD5FAFA6" blockId="17.[147,1859,1423,1489]" pageId="17">
|
||
Drawings were based on µCT images of the cross-section of the test along the center of the peristome, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CA0CFA21FAE6AFC6" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1296,1393,1433,1457]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CA0CFA21FAE6AFC6" box="[1296,1393,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17">C. infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC72FFE4CABEFA22FA68AFC6" authorityName="Mooi" authorityYear="1990" box="[1442,1535,1433,1457]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Eurhodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="relicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC72FFE4CABEFA22FA68AFC6" box="[1442,1535,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17">E. relicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose drawings were based on photographs and peristome opening could not be drawn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC71FFE7CFDBFF2FFD38ABDA" pageId="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFF2FFD81AB13" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBFF2FFCBFAAC7" bold="true" box="[199,808,151,176]" pageId="18">Comparative material of other species examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC2FFF20FA84AAC7" authority="(Gregory, 1890)" authorityName="Gregory" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Gregory" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[819,1299,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC2FFF20FBDDAAC7" box="[819,1098,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18">Australanthus longianus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CB42FF20FA9CAAC7" box="[1118,1291,152,176]" pageId="18" refId="ref11102" refString="Gregory, J. W. (1890) Some additions to the Australian Tertiary Echinoidea. Geological Magazine, 7, 481 - 492. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800195573" type="journal article">Gregory, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Tortachilla Lst., Middle–Late Eocene,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC71FFE7CED1FF04FDE9AAA2" box="[461,638,188,213]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="18">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CD0BFF04FDE9AAA2" box="[535,638,188,213]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(NHM-UK
|
||
<accessionNumber id="942366A8FC71FFE7CC17FF04FCF5AAA3" box="[779,866,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E42428" pageId="18" type="EnaNcbi">E42428</accessionNumber>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC71FFE7CC6DFF04FC45AAA3" box="[881,978,188,212]" pageId="18" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CB16FF04FBF7AAA3" box="[1034,1120,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
], MV P19225 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CA27FF04FA06AAA3" box="[1339,1425,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
|
||
], MV P19229 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CE45FF58FE3AAA80" box="[345,429,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
], MV P20197,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC71FFE7CD4AFF58FD3CAA80" box="[598,683,224,247]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
460548 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CC23FF58FC03AA8F" box="[831,916,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
|
||
]). Janjukian Fm., Late Eocene, Aldinga,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC71FFE7CA47FF67FF69AB6A" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="18">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CF8BFEBCFF69AB6A" box="[151,254,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC71FFE7CE0EFEBCFEFEAB6B" box="[274,361,260,284]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
96252 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CD1DFEBCFDCCAB6B" box="[513,603,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
]). Kingscote Lst., Eocene–Oligocene, Kangaroo Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CBEEFEBCFACFAB6A" box="[1266,1368,260,285]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MV P146827 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CE29FE9FFE1DAB48" box="[309,394,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
], MV P146451–146462 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CDCFFE9FFCC5AB37" box="[723,850,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="54.0">54–74 mm</quantity>
|
||
]). Miocene (?), Thompson’s Beach,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC71FFE7CBF0FE9FFA0BAB37" box="[1260,1436,295,320]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="18">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CA29FE9FFA0BAB37" box="[1333,1436,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61638EFC71FFE7CF82FEF4FF78AB13" box="[158,239,332,356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="18">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
318988 [TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CE98FEF4FD94AB13" box="[388,515,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="31.0">31–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFED7FD38ABDA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBFED7FD08ABFF" bold="true" box="[199,671,367,392]" pageId="18">Current distribution (extended herein).</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC71FFE7CDBBFEC8FCE7ABFF" box="[679,880,367,392]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18">
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CC16FED7FCE7ABFF" box="[778,880,367,392]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Kei Island,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8856AEFC71FFE7CB32FED7FB39ABF0" box="[1070,1198,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.445" metricValueMax="4.39" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="18" unit="m" value="344.5" valueMax="439.0" valueMin="250.0">250–439 m</quantity>
|
||
deep.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CBE6FED7FA0BABFF" bold="true" box="[1274,1436,367,392]" pageId="18">Fossil record.</emphasis>
|
||
Oligocene to Early Miocene of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B435A9FC71FFE7CEE5FE2CFD3CABDA" box="[505,683,404,429]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="18">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367BBDBFC71FFE7CD5DFE2CFD3CABDA" box="[577,683,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC71FFE7CFDBFE0FFAE4AB82" pageId="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFE0FFAE4AB82" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBFE0FFEECABA7" bold="true" box="[199,379,439,464]" pageId="18">Biological note.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD1FFE01FD06ABA7" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[515,657,440,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD1FFE01FD06ABA7" box="[515,657,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CD85FE0FFC8FABA7" box="[665,792,439,464]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD85FE0FFC8FABA7" bold="true" box="[665,792,439,464]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have larger gonopores than the males. More specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CF8BFE65FEB4AB83" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,291,476,500]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CF8BFE65FEB4AB83" box="[151,291,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CE36FE64FE30AB82" box="[298,423,476,501]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE36FE64FE30AB82" bold="true" box="[298,423,476,501]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are needed to check whether this slight sexual dimorphism is characteristic of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AA8C0FC71FFE1CFDBFE47FAEEABFF" lastPageId="20" pageId="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFE47FD77A8DF" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBFE47FD09A86F" bold="true" box="[199,670,511,536]" pageId="18">
|
||
Note on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC71FFE7CE31FE47FEF6A86F" box="[301,353,511,536]" pageId="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD16FDB8FD09A86F" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[522,670,511,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD16FDB8FD09A86F" bold="true" box="[522,670,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CDB9FDBAFC8DA860" box="[677,794,514,535]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CDB9FDBAFC8DA860" bold="true" box="[677,794,514,535]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CB46FDB9FB7DA86F" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1114,1258,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CB46FDB9FB7DA86F" box="[1114,1258,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CBEFFDBAFAFFA860" box="[1267,1384,514,535]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CBEFFDBAFAFFA860" bold="true" box="[1267,1384,514,535]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was very poor and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CE26FD9DFD86A84A" box="[314,529,548,573]" pageId="18" refId="ref12086" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) New Echinoida (Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida). Uidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 111, 67 - 72." type="journal article">Mortensen (1948b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned only the H, even though he included data from two specimens within the bathymetric range. He later provided a thorough description in his
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CCA4FDF0FA9BA817" box="[952,1292,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="18">Monograph of the Echinoidea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CA07FDF0FF4AA8F3" pageId="18" refId="ref12053" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IU. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 363 pp." type="book">Mortensen, 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and mentioned that there were two specimens: a larger specimen (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC71FFE7CB3FFDD4FBC2A8F3" box="[1059,1109,620,644]" pageId="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
) and a smaller specimen he designated as the co-type (considered here as the P).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFD0CFC73AED7" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBFD0CFAA6A8BA" bold="true" box="[199,1329,692,717]" pageId="18">The morphology of the bourrelets, and the classification and composition of the new genus:</emphasis>
|
||
A major difference between the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD0EFD6FFD36A887" authorityName="L. Agassiz & Desor" authorityYear="1847" box="[530,673,727,752]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cassidulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CDFEFD6FFCF6A887" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1905" box="[738,865,727,752]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Faujasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the shape of the bourrelets, which are round mounds in the former and tooth-like in the latter. However, there are intermediate states between these two forms, and some genera classified as faujasiids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CDD6FC98FCF4A94F" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1921" box="[714,867,800,824]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Petalobrissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CDD6FC98FCF4A94F" box="[714,867,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18">Petalobrissus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC80FC98FBAEA94F" authorityName="Bittner" authorityYear="1892" box="[924,1081,800,824]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC80FC98FBAEA94F" box="[924,1081,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18">Australanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, do not always have tooth-like bourrelets. SRµCT images of the taxa described herein have shown that bourrelets in cassiduloids are built in different ways. Bourrelets seen externally as mounds may be formed by an accretion of stereom on the interambulacral basicoronal plates, as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CDBDFC34FC8BA9D3" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[673,796,908,932]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CDBDFC34FC8BA9D3" box="[673,796,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC71FFE7CC30FC34FC04A9D3" box="[812,915,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), or by a depression on the interior surface of the basicoronal plate, which makes these plates project outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BE7CEFC71FFE7CC62FC17FB92A9BF" box="[894,1029,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[190,1396,447,1606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Fig. 10D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer surface of the bourrelets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CFA8FC6DFED4A99B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[180,323,980,1004]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFA8FC6DFED4A99B" box="[180,323,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CE56FC6EFE2AA99C" box="[330,445,982,1003]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE56FC6EFE2AA99C" bold="true" box="[330,445,982,1003]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD80FC6CFC80A99B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[668,791,980,1004]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD80FC6CFC80A99B" box="[668,791,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC3BFC6DFCDDA99B" box="[807,842,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, round mounds), and this may be the reason why this species has remained within the cassidulids rather than the faujasiids. However, our analyses show that the bourrelets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CE28FBA5FE50AE43" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[308,455,1052,1076]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE28FBA5FE50AE43" box="[308,455,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CECEFBA6FDDEAE44" box="[466,585,1054,1075]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CECEFBA6FDDEAE44" bold="true" box="[466,585,1054,1075]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was formed by a depression on the basicoronal plate, which means this species does not belong in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD4FFBF8FD59AE2F" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[595,718,1088,1112]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD4FFBF8FD59AE2F" box="[595,718,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor in any of the other extant cassiduloid genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CA3DFBF9FAC8AE2F" box="[1313,1375,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CA76FB87FF73AE0A" pageId="18" refId="ref11259" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144, 1 - 262." type="journal article">Kier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We also looked extensively for an extinct genus whose diagnosis would include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CB9AFBDDFA80AE0B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1158,1303,1124,1148]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CB9AFBDDFA80AE0B" box="[1158,1303,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CA03FBDEFA03AE0C" box="[1311,1428,1126,1147]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CA03FBDEFA03AE0C" bold="true" box="[1311,1428,1126,1147]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; however, we did not find a genus that conformed to the species description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFB14FD2AAFEC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
Amongst the valid cassiduloid genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD67FB15FD2EAEB3" box="[635,697,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CDDDFB14FCDFAEB2" box="[705,840,1196,1221]" pageId="18" refId="ref11259" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144, 1 - 262." type="journal article">Kier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC8CFB15FBB4AEB3" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[912,1059,1196,1220]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC8CFB15FBB4AEB3" box="[912,1059,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CB37FB16FB37AEB4" box="[1067,1184,1198,1219]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CB37FB16FB37AEB4" bold="true" box="[1067,1184,1198,1219]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
fits the description of the new genus. Although apparently common in the fossil record (based on the number of specimens deposited together in museum collections), there is not much information about this species in the literature.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CA11FB4CFE9FAF47" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CA11FB4CFE9FAF47" italics="true" pageId="18">Kassandrina florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CE0BFAA2FE04AF58" box="[279,403,1306,1327]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE0BFAA2FE04AF58" bold="true" box="[279,403,1306,1327]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC1EFAA0FCEAAF47" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[770,893,1304,1328]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC1EFAA0FCEAAF47" box="[770,893,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CCDBFAAFFBEEAF47" box="[967,1145,1303,1328]" pageId="18" refId="ref11175" refString="Holmes, F. C. (1999) Australian Tertiary Apatopygidae (Echinoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Uictoria, 111, 51 - 70." type="journal article">Holmes (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
implied that the genus classification could be wrong.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CD0CFA84FD5FAF23" box="[528,712,1340,1365]" pageId="18" refId="ref12480" refString="Sullivan, J. (2007) Australanthus florescens (Gregory, 1892). In: Smith, A. B. & Kroh, A. (Eds.), The Echinoid Directory. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / our-science / data / echinoid-directory / taxa / taxon. jsp? id = 1875 (accessed 17 July 2018)" type="url">Sullivan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed this genus in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CB7EFA84FB68AF23" authorityName="Bittner" authorityYear="1892" box="[1122,1279,1340,1364]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CB7EFA84FB68AF23" box="[1122,1279,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18">Australanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although no justification was given. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB45E9FC71FFE7CD59FAD8FDE2AF0F" box="[581,629,1376,1400]" pageId="18">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CDEAFAD8FC04AF0F" authorityName="Bittner" authorityYear="1892" box="[758,915,1376,1400]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CDEAFAD8FC04AF0F" box="[758,915,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18">Australanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CCBEFAD8FBA7AF0F" baseAuthorityName="Gregory" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[930,1072,1376,1400]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CCBEFAD8FBA7AF0F" box="[930,1072,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18">A. longianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has tooth-like bourrelets rather than round mounds as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CEADFA3DFDD4AFEB" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[433,579,1412,1436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CEADFA3DFDD4AFEB" box="[433,579,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CD55FA3EFD2AAFEC" box="[585,701,1414,1435]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD55FA3EFD2AAFEC" bold="true" box="[585,701,1414,1435]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE7CFDBFA10FAABAC02" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18">
|
||
Our analyses also showed that a depression is also present on the interior surface of the basicoronal plate of some faujasiids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CEAFFA75FD80AF93" box="[435,535,1485,1508]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Faujasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CEAFFA75FD80AF93" box="[435,535,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="18">Faujasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD4DFA74FD44AF93" authorityName="Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[593,723,1484,1508]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Hardouinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD4DFA74FD44AF93" box="[593,723,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="18">Hardouinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it may be of phylogenetic importance. Cladistic analyses are necessary to test this hypothesis; until these are performed, we have decided to leave the genus unclassified (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFBCF9ADFEF7AC5B" box="[160,352,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18">incertae familiae</emphasis>
|
||
) instead of arbitrarily choosing the family that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC98F9ADFB82AC5B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[900,1045,1556,1580]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC98F9ADFB82AC5B" box="[900,1045,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CB02F9AEFB03AC5C" box="[1054,1172,1558,1579]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CB02F9AEFB03AC5C" bold="true" box="[1054,1172,1558,1579]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CBA2F9ADFAC6AC5B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1214,1361,1556,1580]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="florescens" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CBA2F9ADFAC6AC5B" box="[1214,1361,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. florescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CA47F9AEFF54AC38" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CA47F9AEFF54AC38" bold="true" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are currently classified under (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD3AF980FDC7AC38" box="[550,592,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD44F98FFD70AC27" authorityName="L. Agassiz & Desor" authorityYear="1847" box="[600,743,1591,1616]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Cassidulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC3CF98FFC35AC27" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1905" box="[800,930,1591,1616]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Faujasiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively). Also, because the uncertainty in the phylogenetic placement of this genus, we decided to provide a more detailed and broader diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC71FFE6CFDBF9C7FD62AA8F" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="19" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFDBF9C7FDF6ACEF" bold="true" box="[199,609,1663,1688]" pageId="18">
|
||
Taxonomic history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CED1F938FDF6ACEF" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[461,609,1663,1688]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CED1F938FDF6ACEF" bold="true" box="[461,609,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD75F93AFBDDACEF" bold="true" box="[617,1098,1663,1688]" pageId="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CD75F93AFD4AACE0" box="[617,733,1666,1687]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and genus-level relationships:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CB4EF938FABEACEF" box="[1106,1321,1664,1688]" pageId="18" refId="ref12053" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IU. 1. Holectypoida, Cassiduloida. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 363 pp." type="book">Mortensen (1948a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CF8BF91DFEBCACCB" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,299,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CF8BF91DFEBCACCB" box="[151,299,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="18">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC71FFE7CE29F91EFE3AACCC" box="[309,429,1702,1723]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE29F91EFE3AACCC" bold="true" box="[309,429,1702,1723]" pageId="18">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CD4FF91CFD67ACCB" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1918" box="[595,752,1700,1724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CD4FF91CFD67ACCB" box="[595,752,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="18">Procassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unaware that this genus had a tetrabasal apical disc. The periproct position and groove were also quite different, but Mortensen did not consider them of generic importance.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CE38F954FE3FAD72" box="[292,424,1772,1797]" pageId="18" refId="ref11259" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144, 1 - 262." type="journal article">Kier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
finally described the apical disc of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC23F954FBF4AD73" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[831,1123,1772,1796]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lapiscancri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC23F954FBF4AD73" box="[831,1123,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18">Procassidulus lapiscancri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as tetrabasal, leading
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CA43F954FF78AD5F" pageId="18" refId="ref12014" refString="Mooi, R. (1990 b) Living cassiduloids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): a key and annotated list. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 130 (1), 63 - 85." type="journal article">Mooi (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to place “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CE79F8A9FE6CAD5F" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[357,507,1808,1832]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE79F8A9FE6CAD5F" box="[357,507,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18">P. malayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” temporarily in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC31F8A8FC3FAD5F" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[813,936,1808,1832]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC31F8A8FC3FAD5F" box="[813,936,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CCABF8A8FBC4AD5F" box="[951,1107,1807,1832]" pageId="18" refId="ref12609" refString="Suter, S. J. (1994 b) Cladistic analysis of the living cassiduloids (Echinoidea), and the effects of character ordering and successive approximations weighting. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112, 363 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1994.1048" type="journal article">Suter (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tested this classification in a phylogenetic framework and the preferred phylogeny revealed that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CC82F88CFBAFAD3B" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" box="[926,1080,1844,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CC82F88CFBAFAD3B" box="[926,1080,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18">C. malayanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was sister taxon to the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CF8BF8E0FEDDAD07" authorityName="A.Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,330,1880,1904]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CF8BF8E0FEDDAD07" box="[151,330,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18">Rhyncholampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CE9CF8E0FE6CAD07" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[384,507,1880,1904]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CE9CF8E0FE6CAD07" box="[384,507,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CD14F8E0FD34AD07" box="[520,675,1879,1904]" pageId="18" refId="ref12609" refString="Suter, S. J. (1994 b) Cladistic analysis of the living cassiduloids (Echinoidea), and the effects of character ordering and successive approximations weighting. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112, 363 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1994.1048" type="journal article">Suter (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that this species did not fit Kier’s description of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CF8BF8C4FE85ADE3" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,274,1916,1940]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CF8BF8C4FE85ADE3" box="[151,274,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, he emphasized the need to analyze the fossil species before attempting to reclassify it. Indeed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC71FFE7CFEDF818FEFBADCF" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[241,364,1952,1976]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC71FFE7CFEDF818FEFBADCF" box="[241,364,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains many fossil species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CDF3F818FB94ADCE" box="[751,1027,1952,1977]" pageId="18" refId="ref11820" refString="Lambert, J. & Thiery, P. (1909 - 1925) Essai de nomenclature raisonnee des echinides. Libraire Septime Ferriere, Chaumont, 607 pp." type="book">
|
||
Lambert & Thiéry,
|
||
<date id="FFCEDD8BFC71FFE7CCD6F818FB94ADCE" box="[970,1027,1952,1977]" pageId="18" value="1909" valueMax="1925">1909</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1925;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC71FFE7CB4BF818FAD8ADCF" box="[1111,1359,1952,1977]" pageId="18" refId="ref11325" refString="Kier, P. M. & Lawson, M. H. (1978) Index of living and fossil echinoids 1924 - 1970. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 34, 1 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.34.1" type="journal article">Kier & Lawson, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kroh, 2010), but most of them have been mistakenly placed in this genus. In addition, morphological characters supporting the new genus are numerous, among them the longitudinal and aboral periproct, the absence of a lip above the periproct, equal
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CEA2FF05FE5BAAA3" box="[446,460,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19">a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD1DFF04FD98AAA3" box="[513,527,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="19">b</emphasis>
|
||
columns of respiratory podia, sphaeridia placed in open pits, internally depressed basicoronal plate, and phyllodes with occluded plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC70FFE6CFDBFEBCFF44ABFF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="19">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC70FFE6CE7CFEBCFE6AAB6A" box="[352,509,260,285]" pageId="19" refId="ref12609" refString="Suter, S. J. (1994 b) Cladistic analysis of the living cassiduloids (Echinoidea), and the effects of character ordering and successive approximations weighting. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112, 363 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1994.1048" type="journal article">Suter (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CD14FEBCFD00AB6B" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[520,663,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD14FEBCFD00AB6B" box="[520,663,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="19">Kassandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC70FFE6CD81FEBCFC91AB6A" box="[669,774,260,285]" pageId="19" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD81FEBCFC91AB6A" bold="true" box="[669,774,260,285]" pageId="19">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the sister taxon to the clade composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CBEEFEBCFAFAAB6B" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1266,1389,260,284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CBEEFEBCFAFAAB6B" box="[1266,1389,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="19">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CF8BFE90FEDDAB37" authorityName="A.Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,330,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CF8BFE90FEDDAB37" box="[151,330,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyncholampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synapomorphies that supported the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CC27FE90FC5DAB37" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[827,970,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CC27FE90FC5DAB37" box="[827,970,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19">Kassandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CCCEFE9FFBDBAB37" bold="true" box="[978,1100,295,320]" pageId="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC70FFE6CCCEFE9FFBABAB37" box="[978,1084,295,320]" pageId="19" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CB50FE90FB50AB37" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1100,1223,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CB50FE90FB50AB37" box="[1100,1223,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CBCAFE90FA1EAB37" authorityName="A.Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[1238,1417,296,320]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CBCAFE90FA1EAB37" box="[1238,1417,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyncholampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) were: transverse peristome, phyllode W expanded beyond bourrelets, and ophicephalous pedicellariae with smooth neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FABC3FC70FFE6CF8BF9E5FAC1AD7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457587/files/figure.png" pageId="19" startId="19.[151,250,1629,1651]" targetBox="[190,1395,447,1606]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC70FFE6CF8BF9E5FAC1AD7A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1628,1805]" pageId="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CF8BF9E5FEB6AC05" bold="true" box="[151,289,1629,1651]" pageId="19">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CC8FF9E5FBC8AC04" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[915,1119,1629,1651]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CC8FF9E5FBC8AC04" box="[915,1119,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="19">Cassidulus briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC70FFE6CB7BF9E4FB28AC04" box="[1127,1215,1628,1651]" pageId="19" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CB7BF9E4FB28AC04" bold="true" box="[1127,1215,1628,1651]" pageId="19">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CE67F9C4FDF0ACE5" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[379,615,1660,1682]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CE67F9C4FDF0ACE5" box="[379,615,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="19">Kassandrina malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC70FFE6CD71F9C5FD77ACE5" box="[621,736,1661,1682]" pageId="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD71F9C5FD77ACE5" bold="true" box="[621,736,1661,1682]" pageId="19">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CBF2F924FA9AACC6" box="[1262,1293,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, cross section (x – x’ axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y’ axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFFB4BFC70FFE1CFDBF8E5FAEEABFF" blockId="19.[151,1436,1885,2018]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="20" pageId="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CFDBF8E5FDBBAD01" bold="true" box="[199,556,1885,1910]" pageId="19">Comparison among genera.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CD5CF8E5FD58AD02" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[576,719,1885,1909]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD5CF8E5FD58AD02" box="[576,719,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19">Kassandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC70FFE6CDF8F8E5FCCDAD01" box="[740,858,1885,1910]" pageId="19" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CDF8F8E5FCCDAD01" bold="true" box="[740,858,1885,1910]" pageId="19">gen. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CB0AF8E5FB06AD02" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1046,1169,1885,1909]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CB0AF8E5FB06AD02" box="[1046,1169,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19">Cassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CBB0F8E5FAC8AD02" authorityName="A.Agassiz" authorityYear="1869" box="[1196,1375,1885,1909]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CBB0F8E5FAC8AD02" box="[1196,1375,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyncholampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CF8BF83AFEB7ADED" authorityName="Duncan & Sladen" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,288,1922,1946]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Paralampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CF8BF83AFEB7ADED" box="[151,288,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="19">Paralampas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a longitudinal periproct; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CDEEF83AFCCCADED" box="[754,859,1922,1946]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Eurhodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CDEEF83AFCCCADED" box="[754,859,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="19">Eurhodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CC76F83AFC75ADED" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1918" box="[874,994,1922,1946]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Glossaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CC76F83AFC75ADED" box="[874,994,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="19">Glossaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CB05F83AFB0FADED" authorityName="Duncan" authorityYear="1889" box="[1049,1176,1922,1946]" class="Echinoidea" family="Gitolampadids" genus="Oligopodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CB05F83AFB0FADED" box="[1049,1176,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="19">Oligopodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a transverse peristome; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CE45F81DFE66ADCA" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1921" box="[345,497,1957,1981]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Petalobrissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CE45F81DFE66ADCA" box="[345,497,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="19">Petalobrissus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CD1FF81DFD36ADCA" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1918" box="[515,673,1957,1981]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Procassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CD1FF81DFD36ADCA" box="[515,673,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="19">Procassidulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CDC2F81DFC16ADCA" box="[734,897,1957,1981]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Rhynchopygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CDC2F81DFC16ADCA" box="[734,897,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhynchopygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a monobasal apical disc; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC70FFE6CF8BF872FEA3AD95" authorityName="Bittner" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,308,1994,2018]" class="Echinoidea" family="Faujasiidae" genus="Australanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CF8BF872FEA3AD95" box="[151,308,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="19">Australanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having occluded plates in the phyllodes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC70FFE6CC28F872FCC4AD96" box="[820,851,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="19">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
absence of occluded plates; inner pore is displaced from edge of plate), large sphaeridial pits by themselves or in double rows (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CCF4FF21FB91AAC7" box="[1000,1030,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="20">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
tiny sphaeridial pits in groups of 2– 4), pores of respiratory podia in the outer edge of the ambulacral plate at the end of the posterior petals (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CA26FF05FACFAAA3" box="[1338,1368,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="20">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
porepairs migrate towards the middle of the plate at the end of the posterior petals), small expansion of the ambulacra W between the end of the petal and the ambitus (2–2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CC09FEBDFCA4AB6B" box="[789,819,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="20">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
3–4.5 times the W at end-petal), and bulging, but not tooth-like phyllodes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CE92FE91FE3AAB37" box="[398,429,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="20">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
tooth-like phyllodes).
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2CEF0FC77FFE1CDAAFE9FFC9BAB37" box="[694,780,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[147,224,587,608]" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic morphological traits distinguishing the extant cassidulid species. Numbers in parentheses indicate rare occurrences." pageId="20">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
depicts the main morphological differences between the living cassiduloid species possessing a complete naked zone:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CC4CFEF4FB95AB13" authorityName="? Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[848,1026,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaearum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CC4CFEF4FB95AB13" box="[848,1026,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20">C. caribaearum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CB0DFEF4FBFEAB13" authorityName="Krau" authorityYear="1954" box="[1041,1129,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CB0DFEF4FBFEAB13" box="[1041,1129,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20">C. mitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CB64FEF4FB71AB13" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1144,1254,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CB64FEF4FB71AB13" box="[1144,1254,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20">C. infidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CBE9FEF4FAE3AB13" authority="Souto & Martins, 2018" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" box="[1269,1396,332,356]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Cassidulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="briareus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CBE9FEF4FAE3AB13" box="[1269,1396,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="20">C. briareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC77FFE1CA60FEF4FF51ABF0" pageId="20" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CA60FEF4FF51ABF0" bold="true" pageId="20">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CFC8FEC8FD58ABFF" authority="(A. Agassiz, 1863)" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[212,719,367,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Rhyncholampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CFC8FEC8FE65ABFF" box="[212,498,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20">Rhyncholampas pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC77FFE1CD1EFEC8FD50ABFF" box="[514,711,367,392]" pageId="20" refId="ref10292" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article">A. Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CDC7FEC9FCFDABFF" authorityName="Souto & Martins" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Souto & Martins" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[731,874,368,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Kassandrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="malayana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CDC7FEC9FCFDABFF" box="[731,874,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20">K. malayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2379A22FC77FFE1CC6DFECAFC73ABF0" box="[881,996,370,391]" pageId="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CC6DFECAFC73ABF0" bold="true" box="[881,996,370,391]" pageId="20">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7080C8FC77FFE1CB3EFEC8FAE2ABFF" authority="Mooi, 1990 a" authorityName="Mooi" authorityYear="1990" box="[1058,1397,367,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassidulidae" genus="Eurhodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="relicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9042759FC77FFE1CB3EFEC8FB4CABFF" box="[1058,1243,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20">Eurhodia relicta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE186BAFC77FFE1CBFEFED7FAE2ABFF" box="[1250,1397,367,392]" pageId="20" refId="ref11973" refString="Mooi, R. (1990 a) A new " living fossil " echinoid (Echinodermata) and the ecology and paleobiology of Caribbean cassiduloids. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (3), 688 - 700." type="journal article">Mooi, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |