treatments-xml/data/03/C6/BB/03C6BB62C972F21CFC7CFF53FDC4FBEE.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252006000300001" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647335" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1617111099717" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Carvalho, Tiago Pinto &amp; Bertaco, Vinicius Araújo" docDate="2006" docId="03C6BB62C972F21CFC7CFF53FDC4FBEE" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.4.3.301-308.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (3)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hyphessobrycon melanostichos Carvalho &amp; Bertaco 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" masterDocId="FFFFC31AC973F21FFFF0FF91FFECFFB7" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, Central Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="308" masterPageNumber="301" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" updateTime="1617112441949" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajós basin on Chapada dos Parecis, Central Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Tiago Pinto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bertaco, Vinicius Araújo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2006-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>301</mods:start>
<mods:end>308</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000300001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4647335</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6BB62C972F21CFC7CFF53FDC4FBEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6BB62C972F21CFC7CFF53FDC4FBEE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[908,1399,194,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[908,1399,194,218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho &amp; Bertaco, 2006" authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Bertaco" authorityYear="2006" box="[908,1256,194,218]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[908,1256,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1269,1399,194,217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[1108,1200,226,249]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[151,190,1924,1947]" captionStartId-1="2.[158,196,707,730]" captionStartId-2="2.[158,197,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,802,190,687]" captionTargetBox-2="[173,1458,1419,1929]" captionTargetId-0="figure-591@1.[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetId-1="figure-553@2.[158,803,190,687]" captionTargetId-2="figure-573@2.[173,1459,1419,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 39510, holotype, 34.7 mm SL, female; rio Doze de Outubro, tributary of rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 38396, paratype, 37.3 mm SL. Scanning electron microscope photograph of right side upper and lower jaws." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 38396, paratype, 33.8 mm SL, male, color just after fixation." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647337" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647339" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647343" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4647337/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4647339/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4647343/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1477,290,512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 39510" collectingDate="2004-07-14" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="R. E. Reis &amp; P. A. Buckup &amp; A. R. Cardoso &amp; E. H. L. Pereira." country="Brazil" latitude="-12.9775" location="rio Doze de Outubro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.008335" municipality="Comodoro" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,931,290,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<typeStatus box="[831,927,290,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[936,1051,290,311]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP39510" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<collectionCode box="[936,987,290,311]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">MCP</collectionCode>
39510
</accessionNumber>
(
<quantity box="[1063,1148,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="34.7">34.7 mm</quantity>
SL, female), 
<collectingCountry box="[1276,1337,290,311]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1346,1473,290,311]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[831,935,319,340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Comodoro</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6BB62C972F21CFC7CFF53FDC4FBEE:8EB05CAFC972F21EFC5FFEAEFB83FEE3" box="[943,1135,319,340]" country="Brazil" latitude="-12.9775" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-60.008335" municipality="Comodoro" name="rio Doze de Outubro" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Doze de Outubro</location>
on road BR 364 
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Comodoro" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" secondLocation="Vilhena">between Comodoro and Vilhena</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[957,1069,347,368]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-12.9775">12º58’39&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1074,1195,347,368]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-60.008335">60º00’30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1204,1317,347,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" value="2004-07-14">
<collectingDate box="[1204,1317,347,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" value="2004-07-14">14 Jul 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1325,1424,347,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">R. E. Reis</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="1" pageNumber="302">P. A. Buckup</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[918,1057,376,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">A. R. Cardoso</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1088,1248,376,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">E. H. L. Pereira.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1477,290,512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 38396" box="[831,1476,405,426]" collectionCode="MCP, MZUSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,941,405,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<typeStatus box="[831,937,405,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[948,1067,405,426]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP38396" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<collectionCode box="[948,999,405,426]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">MCP</collectionCode>
38396
</accessionNumber>
(203, 3 c&amp;s, 13.0- 
<quantity box="[1251,1340,405,426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7299999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="37.3">37.3 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectionCode box="[1395,1476,405,426]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">MZUSP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
89646 (25, 
<quantity box="[943,1081,434,455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="1.3699999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="24.1" valueMax="34.5" valueMin="13.7">13.7-34.5 mm</quantity>
SL), collected with the 
<typeStatus box="[1316,1405,434,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1477,290,512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 39808" collectionCode="MCP" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" specimenCount="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1179,463,484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<typeStatus box="[831,1042,463,484]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Additional material</typeStatus>
(non types).
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[1188,1310,463,484]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP39808" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<collectionCode box="[1188,1239,463,484]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">MCP</collectionCode>
39808
</accessionNumber>
(110, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" metricValueMax="2.63" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="18.6" valueMax="26.3" valueMin="10.9">10.9-26.3 mm</quantity>
SL), collected with the 
<typeStatus box="[1104,1193,491,512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1476,553,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,949,553,576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Bertaco" authorityYear="2006" box="[957,1298,553,576]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[957,1298,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all remaining species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: a conspicuous longitudinal broad black band, beginning on the posterior margin of orbit and reaching the distal tip of middle caudal fin rays; humeral spot vertically elongate and distinct from lateral band; and 16 to 18 branched anal-fin rays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1477,809,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,970,809,832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho &amp; Bertaco" authorityYear="2006" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented in 
<tableCitation box="[1071,1153,841,864]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[158,221,194,217]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of holotype (H) and paratypes of Hyphessobrycon melanostichos (n = 24 including the holotype) and H. notidanos (n = 23 including the holotype) from the upper rio Tapajós basin." pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body shape somewhat variable in a depressed to a more lozenge-shaped and deeper form; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal body profile gently curved from nostril to supraocciptal spine, moderately convex from that point to dorsal-fin origin; posteroventrally declined at dorsal-fin base; straight from last dorsal-fin ray base to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally inclined and gently convex. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1477,809,1312]" lastBlockId="2.[158,801,832,1399]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Snout convex from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal. Posterior tip of maxilla almost reaching a vertical through middle of orbit. Maxilla positioned at approximately 45 degrees relative to longitudinal body axis. Dorsal border of maxilla nearly straight, anteroventral border concave, and posteroventral border slightly convex.</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647337/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" startId="1.[151,190,1924,1947]" targetBox="[166,1451,1367,1899]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1474,1924,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,222,1924,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[230,642,1924,1947]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[230,571,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
39510, holotype, 34.7 mm SL, female; rio Doze de Outubro, tributary of rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" startId="2.[158,196,707,730]" targetBox="[158,802,190,687]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,801,707,794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,225,707,730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[230,624,707,730]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[230,557,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
38396, paratype, 37.3 mm SL. Scanning electron microscope photograph of right side upper and lower jaws.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,801,832,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 2-3, tricuspid to pentacuspid teeth with central cusp larger; inner row teeth 5, gradually decreasing in length from first to fourth teeth, last tooth smaller, with 5-7 cusps and central cusp longer and broader than other cusps. One to 3 maxillary teeth, each with 3-6 cusps, central cusp slightly longer. Five anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5-7 cusps, followed by 5-7 smaller sized teeth with 3 cusps or conical in shape; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than remaining cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and towards interior of mouth (
<figureCitation box="[329,393,1280,1303]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,196,707,730]" captionTargetBox="[158,802,190,687]" captionTargetId="figure-553@2.[158,803,190,687]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 38396, paratype, 37.3 mm SL. Scanning electron microscope photograph of right side upper and lower jaws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,801,832,1399]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1482,194,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line incomplete, perforated scales 8-12 (10*, mean = 10.3, n = 24). Longitudinal scale series including lateral-line scales 31-34 (32*, mean = 32.4, n = 22). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5-6 (5*, mean = 5.4, n = 24); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4-5, usually 4 (4*, mean = 4.1, n = 24). Predorsal scales 9-11, arranged in regular series (9*, mean = 10.1, n = 24). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14 (n = 15). Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 5-8 scales in single series (6*, n = 24), extending posteriorly to base of fifth to seventh branched rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,194,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Dorsal-fin rays ii,9 (n = 24); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray, its tip reaching first bifurcation of first branched ray. Dorsal-fin origin posterior to middle of body and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Anal-fin rays iii-iv, 16-18 (16*, mean = 16.5, n = 24). Anal-fin profile slightly concave in females and gently convex to straight in males. Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-11 (11*, one specimen with 9 and other with 12, n = 24). Change of larval pectoral-fin stage to juvenile rayed fin at about 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3399999999999999" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="mm" value="13.399999999999999" valueMax="13.7" valueMin="13.1">13.1- 13.7 mm</quantity>
SL. Pelvic-fin rays i,7 (7*, n = 24). Pelvic-fin origin anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Caudal-fin forked, with 19 principal rays (19*, one specimen with 18, n = 24). Dorsal procurrent rays 10-11 (n = 3). Ventral procurrent rays 9 (n = 3). Adipose fin present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,194,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Precaudal vertebrae 15-16; caudal vertebrae 16-17; total vertebrae 32. Supraneurals 4. Gill-rakers 5/ 
<quantity box="[1309,1362,962,985]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
two specimens and 6/ 
<quantity box="[968,1006,994,1017]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
one specimen (n = 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,1058,1401]" lastBlockId="3.[151,794,194,377]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,1025,1058,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Color in alcohol</emphasis>
. Dorsal and dorsolateral portions of head and body dark. Infraorbitals and opercular region almost plain covered with some sparse scattered dark chromatophores. Scales of mid-dorsal row dark brown. Black longitudinal stripe from posterior margin of orbit to end of middle caudal fin rays. Longitudinal stripe broad approximately two series of scales wide, not expanded on peduncle neither reaching dorsal and ventral edges of caudal peduncle. Longitudinal stripe situated above lateral line and three scale series below dorsal-fin origin. One rounded black humeral spot below longitudinal stripe and vertically elongate, located over three to five lateral line scales and vertically extended over 3-4 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Five median caudal-fin rays with a dark stripe (
<figureCitation box="[471,532,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[151,190,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-591@1.[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 39510, holotype, 34.7 mm SL, female; rio Doze de Outubro, tributary of rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Small black chromatophores scattered over rays of all fins. Anal-fin with small black chromatophores along its distal border forming a narrow stripe in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647343" box="[158,1273,1955,1978]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" startId="2.[158,197,1955,1978]" targetBox="[173,1458,1419,1929]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,1273,1955,1978]" box="[158,1273,1955,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,227,1955,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[232,635,1955,1978]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[232,567,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
38396, paratype, 33.8 mm SL, male, color just after fixation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,418,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,429,418,441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Color just after fixation.</emphasis>
Color pattern similar to described for alcohol preserved specimens. One male examined soon after fixation in formalin had all fins reddish and midlateral and ventral body with scattered red pigment (
<figureCitation box="[634,699,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,197,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[173,1458,1419,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-573@2.[173,1459,1419,1929]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 38396, paratype, 33.8 mm SL, male, color just after fixation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,578,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,383,578,601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 38396" collectionCode="MCP" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
Five 
<typeStatus box="[448,551,578,601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">paratypes</typeStatus>
were dissected (
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP38396" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<collectionCode box="[735,793,578,601]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">MCP</collectionCode>
38396
</accessionNumber>
), including three mature males (
<quantity box="[555,705,610,633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.995" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="2.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="29.95" valueMax="33.8" valueMin="26.1">26.1-33.8 mm</quantity>
SL) and two mature females (
<quantity box="[378,532,642,665]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.71" metricValueMin="3.2399999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="34.75" valueMax="37.1" valueMin="32.4">32.4-37.1 mm</quantity>
SL), but no bony hooks were observed on the fin rays. Usually males have a deeper and more lozenge-shaped body (
<figureCitation box="[501,566,706,729]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,197,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[173,1458,1419,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-573@2.[173,1459,1419,1929]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 38396, paratype, 33.8 mm SL, male, color just after fixation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), and females have a less deep and more elongate body (
<figureCitation box="[536,600,738,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[151,190,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-591@1.[166,1451,1367,1899]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon melanostichos, MCP 39510, holotype, 34.7 mm SL, female; rio Doze de Outubro, tributary of rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4647337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Anal-fin profile slightly concave in females and gently convex to straight in males. Mature males lack gill gland on first gill arch
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,866,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,298,866,889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[303,639,866,889]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[303,639,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Hyphessobrycon melanostichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from rio Doze de Outubro, a tributary of rio Juruena, in the headwaters of the rio Tapajós basin, Chapada dos Parecis, Comodoro, 
<collectingRegion box="[276,415,962,985]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[423,491,962,985]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,793,1026,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,1026,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name 
<taxonomicName box="[472,621,1026,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hyphessobrycon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostichos">
<emphasis box="[472,621,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">melanostichos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Greek, 
<emphasis box="[151,229,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">melano</emphasis>
a black and 
<emphasis box="[355,428,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">stichos</emphasis>
meaning row, line. Referring to the black longitudinal stripe on the body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>