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<document id="CF29B7B1734ED94D041A4E2DD32EE7AE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5447.4.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11150638" ID-ZooBank="AAD9675B-FE19-4662-BC46-A376549E3098" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1715182414130" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer" docDate="2024" docId="03C6B8529D14FF84FF6CE4F1FDF4F88E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5447.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5447 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Petiolachertus Hansson 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="563" masterDocId="FFFFC02A9D15FF85FFFBE546FFF9FF8B" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of Eulophinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), including four new species parasitoids on Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) leaf miners in Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="572" masterPageNumber="562" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1715182844604" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3026E720004737E2D315A3A64265C1AB">Two new genera of Eulophinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), including four new species parasitoids on Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) leaf miners in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C580582C19C0128F45B54E9B37567AE0">Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3C24C727C5F4B615181C40EB71B20D27">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E8B1065951FEF5873672055B0ECD5CAB">2024-05-08</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="96E40CEBCC3212843002F67A8A3ED1CD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2FCD27CA05026F169A95E134B2C5287C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5447.4.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="55F79D3E50C0653970DFD5FFF8375F45" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C6B8529D14FF84FF6CE4F1FDF4F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11150651" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6B8529D14FF84FF6CE4F1FDF4F88E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6B8529D14FF84FF6CE4F1FDF4F88E" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<subSubSection id="C3755ACF9D14FF84FF6CE4F1FE42FE5A" box="[151,443,439,466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF6CE4F1FE42FE5A" blockId="1.[151,443,439,466]" box="[151,443,439,466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<heading id="D098BE289D14FF84FF6CE4F1FE42FE5A" bold="true" box="[151,443,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF6CE4F1FE42FE5A" bold="true" box="[151,443,439,466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FF6CE4F1FEBCFE59" authority="Hansson, 2024" authorityName="Hansson" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,325,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Petiolachertus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF6CE4F1FEBCFE59" bold="true" box="[151,325,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Petiolachertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A228682D9D14FF84FEB6E4F1FE42FE5A" box="[333,443,439,465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3755ACF9D14FF84FF6CE4B9FD71FD91" box="[151,648,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF6CE4B9FD71FD91" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,1798]" box="[151,648,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF6CE4B9FED2FD92" bold="true" box="[151,299,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<typeStatus id="54D4B7E69D14FF84FF6CE4B9FF2BFD92" box="[151,210,511,537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FEC1E4B9FDD3FD92" authority="Hansson, 2024" authorityName="Hansson" authorityYear="2024" box="[314,554,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Petiolachertus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FEC1E4B9FDD3FD92" box="[314,554,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Petiolachertus castor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A228682D9D14FF84FDCAE746FD71FD91" box="[561,648,512,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3755ACF9D14FF84FF3CE765FBE9FDEA" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF3CE765FBE9FDEA" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF3CE765FEB1FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,328,547,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name is from the Latin
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FD64E765FD01FDB6" box="[671,760,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">petiolus</emphasis>
= stalk, and from the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FBBCE765FB39FDB6" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" box="[1095,1216,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Elachertus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FBBCE765FB39FDB6" box="[1095,1216,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Elachertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the very elongate gastral petiole and the affinity to
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FD8BE701FD10FDEA" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" box="[624,745,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Elachertus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FD8BE701FD10FDEA" box="[624,745,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Elachertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3755ACF9D14FF84FF3CE72DFC43FBBE" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF3CE72DFCEFFC0A" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF3CE72DFEC3FD0E" bold="true" box="[199,314,619,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Head with postoccipital carina indicated but weak with edge rounded (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FBB4E72DFB48FD0E" box="[1103,1201,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
). Eyes strongly hairy (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FF64E7C9FEFCFD21" box="[159,261,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 4, 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FEEAE7C9FEC8FD22" box="[273,305,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,417,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-88@9.[189,1398,417,1884]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. Petiolachertus &amp; Macroplectron spp. nov.; 21–23. Head in frontal view; 21 M. nishidai, female paratype; 22 M. nishidai, male paratype; 23 M. safron, female holotype; 24–26. Vertex; 24 M. nishidai, female holotype; 25 M. safron, female holotype; 26 P. castor, female holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150655/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">26</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum with distinct and complete notauli and surface ±covered with evenly distributed setae (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FF64E7F5FEFBFD46" box="[159,258,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutellum with strong reticulation and either with large meshes throughout (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FB66E7F5FB19FD46" box="[1181,1248,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), or with smaller meshes medially and large meshes along lateral and posterior margins (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FC46E791FBFBFD7A" box="[957,1026,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Dorsellum excavate with posterior margin raised and with a median carina (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FD98E7BDFD30FC9E" box="[611,713,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
). Propodeum with a strong and complete median carina (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FAB5E7BDFF5EFCB2" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
). Mesepimeron with a transverse sulcus (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FD83E659FD24FCB1" box="[632,733,799,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 1, 5</figureCitation>
). Petiole very long and slender (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FBB3E659FB54FCB2" box="[1096,1197,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 3, 6</figureCitation>
), 3.4–3.8× as long as wide, with dorsal surface smooth and shiny, or with very weak small-meshed reticulation. Hind leg with two strong tibial spurs (
<figureCitation id="135415C19D14FF84FED9E621FE7CFC09" box="[290,389,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[189,1398,179,1846]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–7. Petiolachertus spp. nov., females; 1–4. P.castor; 1holotype,habitus in lateral view; 2paratype, head+mesosoma in dorsal view; 3 paratype, metasoma in dorsal view; 4 holotype, head in frontal view; 5–7. P. pollux; 5 holotype, habitus in lateral view; 6 paratype, habitus in dorsal view; 7 paratype, head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11150641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11150641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Figs 3, 5</figureCitation>
), longest spur as long as basitarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF3CE6CDFC43FBBE" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF3CE6CDFE90FC2E" bold="true" box="[199,361,907,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Identification</emphasis>
. There are currently no identification tools for the 41
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FC3DE6CDFBBFFC2E" box="[966,1094,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eulophinae">Eulophinae</taxonomicName>
genera hitherto recorded from the Neotropical region, but
<taxonomicName id="4C6F72C79D14FF84FE33E6E9FD92FC42" authorityName="Hansson" authorityYear="2024" box="[456,619,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Petiolachertus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FE33E6E9FD92FC42" box="[456,619,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Petiolachertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily identified through the following combination of characters: eyes strongly hairy; mesoscutum with ±distinct and complete notauli and surface ±covered with evenly distributed setae; dorsellum excavate with posterior margin raised and with a median carina; hind leg with longest tibial spur equal in length to basitarsus; gastral petiole very long, 3.4–3.8× as long as wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3755ACF9D14FF84FF3CE179FDF4F88E" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD009449D14FF84FF3CE179FDF4F88E" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B91BD5569D14FF84FF3CE179FEA8FBD2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Description</emphasis>
. Head with eyes with dense short hairs; malar sulcus present; clypeus undelimited, with ventral margin ±straight; mandibles with two large teeth at apex and with a row of three small teeth above these; antennal scrobes undelimited; without occipital and postoccipital carinae; occipital margin with a sharp edge behind ocelli. Antenna inserted above lower level of eyes, scape not reaching anterior ocellus; male scape very similar to female; with six large flagellomeres: four funiculars and two clavomeres, funiculars with a short peduncle at apex, with one small anellus; male with unbranched flagellomeres. Pronotum ±bell-shaped, with strong reticulation except smooth posterior margin, with ±evenly dispersed setae, without a carina along anterior margin of pronotal collar. Mesoscutum with ±distinct and complete notauli; strongly reticulate and ±evenly covered with strong setae and with two pairs of long and strong setae close to posterior margin. Mesoscutellum with strong reticulation, meshes ±isodiametric; without sublateral grooves; with two pairs of long and strong setae attached on lateral parts, one pair in anterior part and one pair in posterior part. Axillae not advanced forward of transscutal articulation, and not meeting medially. Dorsellum excavate with posterior margin raised and with a median carina. Propodeum with a strong and complete median carina with anterior part triangular and part in front of triangle forming a transverse cup, and with complete plicae; propodeal callus with 6–7 setae in a single row. Mesepimeron with a transverse sulcus. Fore wing with 6–7 setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein; speculum present and closed below and towards base of wing; costal cell with numerous scattered setae throughout on ventral surface, and with a complete row of setae along margin on dorsal surface; postmarginal vein 1.2× as long as stigmal vein. Hind leg with two tibial spurs, 1.0× and 0.6× as long as basitarsus. Petiole very elongate, 3.4–3.6× as long as wide, smooth and shiny or with very weak reticulation on dorsal surface. Gaster ovate with apex pointed. Apart from internal genital structures the female and male are very similar.
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