221 lines
29 KiB
XML
221 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A673D4F4D670342675FCB4CEA50BB4AC" ID-CLB-Dataset="2869" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab021" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9ad2cd5f-60d4-4c02-819f-fea89dda74f7" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799206" ID-ZooBank="A93B7D7A-1F8E-4E59-B86D-67814E01F797" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640158773547" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shiganova, Tamara A. & Abyzova, Galina A." docDate="2022" docId="03A38E58FFA3AB305C82397926B0B12E" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab021.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Beroe mitrata" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FF9AF620FFADAB3F5F2B3B55270AB74E" masterDocTitle="Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="311" updateTime="1699472940828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B3BCEAC5C79FAF73EA0883B099A65AAC">Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5496680FAC4F400BDC9D66F86971BC7F">Shiganova, Tamara A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2605ECF518C2B49FD98AD21714E3551">Abyzova, Galina A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D9C35351A3DCB88E88AC6CD89FEF588D">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A38E58FFA3AB305C82397926B0B12E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191711124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38E58FFA3AB305C82397926B0B12E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38E58FFA3AB305C82397926B0B12E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA3AB315C823979221AB50A" box="[937,1296,555,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA3AB315C823979221AB50A" blockId="14.[937,1296,555,580]" box="[937,1296,555,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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<heading id="D0FD8822FFA3AB315C823979221AB50A" box="[937,1296,555,580]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315C823979221AB50A" ID-CoL="68K5S" authority="(MOSER, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[937,1296,555,580]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C823979236BB50D" box="[937,1121,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">BEROE MITRATA</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315B5B397E220DB50A" author="Moser F" box="[1136,1287,555,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref17777" refString="Moser F. 1907. Neues uber Ctenophoren. Mitteilung II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 449 - 454." type="journal article" year="1907">MOSER, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA3AB315C023921220AB5C7" box="[809,1280,628,649]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA3AB315C023921220AB5C7" blockId="14.[809,1426,628,1508]" box="[809,1280,628,649]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C0239212493B5C7" box="[809,921,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Synonym:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315C87392123F3B5C7" authority="Moser, 1907" authorityName="Moser" authorityYear="1907" box="[940,1273,628,649]" class="Entomophthoromycetes" family="Entomophthoraceae" genus="Pandora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Entomophthorales" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Entomophthoromycota" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C8739212361B5C7" box="[940,1131,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Pandora mitrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315B59392123F3B5C7" author="Moser F" box="[1138,1273,628,649]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref17777" refString="Moser F. 1907. Neues uber Ctenophoren. Mitteilung II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 449 - 454." type="journal article" year="1907">Moser, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA3AB315C6A39C72232B2AA" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA3AB315C6A39C72232B2AA" blockId="14.[809,1426,628,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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Adult individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315B6A39C623E3B5E6" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1089,1257,659,680]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315B6A39C623E3B5E6" box="[1089,1257,659,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Beroe mitrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not large compared to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315CD439E72396B589" box="[1023,1180,689,711]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315CD439E72334B589" box="[1023,1086,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Beroe</emphasis>
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species.
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</taxonomicName>
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Their average length is about
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<quantity id="4CF292ABFFA3AB315CBA398524EBB5AB" box="[913,993,720,742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315CD8398523FAB5AB" author="Wrobel D & Mills C" box="[1011,1264,720,742]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" refId="ref19790" refString="Wrobel D, Mills C. 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates. A guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey: Sea Challengers & Monterey Bay Aquarium." type="book" year="1998">Wrobel & Mills, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). The body is mitre-shaped, flattened in cross-section. Its length to width ratio (l/w) is 1.33–1.78. Inside the large mouth, a macrocilia carpet is located, covering about 50% of the total area of the stomodaeum cavity. Macrocilia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315C6C383F24C9B431" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[839,963,874,895]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C6C383F24C9B431" box="[839,963,874,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">B. mitrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to that of
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315BFE383F2251B430" box="[1237,1371,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">B. forskaIii</emphasis>
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and have blunt, serrated tips, as viewed at the end of the effective stroke. The aboral end is oval or slightly tapered (
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<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA3AB315CB938902319B495" box="[914,1043,965,987]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[163,242,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetId="figure-494@15.[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Beroe mitrata: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799241/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
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). The aboral pole is fringed with a row of short branched papillae (
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<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA3AB315B9038B12214B4B7" box="[1211,1310,996,1018]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[163,242,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetId="figure-494@15.[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Beroe mitrata: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799241/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). Like all
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315C023F57248CB356" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[809,902,1026,1048]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Beroida</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315CB93F562302B356" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[914,1032,1027,1048]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315CB93F562302B356" box="[914,1032,1027,1048]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">B. mitrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has eight meridional canals with eight comb rows, which are located beginning from the aboral organ and elongated maximally to the middle of the body. Comb rows might be of various lengths, extending from about half or two-thirds to threequarters of the body length. Meridional canals have many diverticulae that all bend toward the mouth. The numbers of branches of meridional canals increase with the growth of the individual (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315BDA3FAD2283B243" author="Moser F" box="[1265,1417,1272,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref17777" refString="Moser F. 1907. Neues uber Ctenophoren. Mitteilung II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 449 - 454." type="journal article" year="1907">Moser, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315C023E4324B5B262" author="Komai T" box="[809,959,1302,1324]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="451 - 474" refId="ref16654" refString="Komai T. 1915. On ctenophores of the neighbourhood of Misaki. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses / Nihon Dobutsugaku Iho 9: 451 - 474." type="journal article" year="1915">Komai, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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). They are simple, showing only a few bifurcations and no anastomoses appear among them. Meridional canals are extremely flexible and can even turn inside-out as it was noted by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315BE83E262257B2C6" author="Moser F" box="[1219,1373,1394,1416]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref17777" refString="Moser F. 1907. Neues uber Ctenophoren. Mitteilung II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 449 - 454." type="journal article" year="1907">Moser (1907)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315C023EC42326B2E9" author="Wrobel D & Mills C" box="[809,1068,1425,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" refId="ref19790" refString="Wrobel D, Mills C. 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates. A guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey: Sea Challengers & Monterey Bay Aquarium." type="book" year="1998">Wrobel & Mills (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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. The overall colour is white or pale pink, with diffuse orange or red spots or pair of stripes on either side of the body (
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<figureCitation id="133123CBFFA3AB315B803E9B2222B2AA" box="[1195,1320,1486,1508]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[163,242,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetId="figure-494@15.[163,1443,195,897]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Beroe mitrata: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799241/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA3AB305C023D5826E4B3DD" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA3AB315C023D5824B4B056" blockId="14.[809,1426,1549,1908]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C023D582217B16D" box="[809,1309,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
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Geographical distribution:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315B5C3D5B2217B16D" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1143,1309,1550,1571]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">Beroe mitrata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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was first described from Japanese waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315B823D79223BB10F" author="Moser F" box="[1193,1329,1580,1601]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="449 - 454" refId="ref17777" refString="Moser F. 1907. Neues uber Ctenophoren. Mitteilung II. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 449 - 454." type="journal article" year="1907">Moser, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315A143D792468B12E" author="Komai T" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="451 - 474" refId="ref16654" refString="Komai T. 1915. On ctenophores of the neighbourhood of Misaki. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses / Nihon Dobutsugaku Iho 9: 451 - 474." type="journal article" year="1915">Komai, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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). Other findings in this area and elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific are somewhat doubtful (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315A223D3C2281B130" author="Moss AG" box="[1289,1419,1641,1662]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="403 - 411" refId="ref17820" refString="Moss AG. 2009. Ctenophora of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder DL, Camp DK, eds. Gulf of Mexico - origins, waters, and biota. Biodiversity. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 403 - 411." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moss, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315C023DDD2324B1D3" author="Minemizu R & Kubota S & Hirano Y & Lindsay D" box="[809,1070,1671,1694]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" refId="ref17668" refString="Minemizu R, Kubota S, Hirano Y, Lindsay D. 2015. A photographic guide to the jellyfishes of Japan. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 358 [in Japanese]." type="book" year="2015">
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Minemizu
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C823DDD24EFB1D3" box="[937,997,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315B163DDD23E6B1D3" author="Lungren M" box="[1085,1260,1672,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" refId="ref16972" refString="Lungren M. 2020. Comb jelly (Beroe mitrata) Balayan Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. In: Nature picture library. Available at: https: // www. naturepl. com / stock-photo / comb-jelly- (beroemitrata) - balayan-bay-luzon-island-philippines-minimum / search / detail- 0 _ 01643972. html (accessed 18 March 2021)." type="url" year="2020">Lungren, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315C023DF224CEB1F2" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[809,964,1703,1724]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315C023DF224CEB1F2" box="[809,964,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">Beroe mitrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found in the southern Pacific, northwestern Pacific, off
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<collectingCountry id="F31D7FDEFFA3AB315B2F3D902398B195" box="[1028,1170,1733,1755]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315B8A3D902281B194" author="Wrobel D & Mills C" box="[1185,1419,1733,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" refId="ref19790" refString="Wrobel D, Mills C. 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates. A guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey: Sea Challengers & Monterey Bay Aquarium." type="book" year="1998">Wrobel & Mills 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315C023DB12348B1B7" author="Mills CE & Haddock SHD" box="[809,1090,1764,1786]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="189 - 199" refId="ref17550" refString="Mills CE, Haddock SHD. 2007. Ctenophora. In: Carlton JT, ed. The Light and Smith manual: intertidal invertebrates from central California to Oregon. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 189 - 199." type="book chapter" year="2007">Mills & Haddock, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the Gulf of Mexico (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA3AB315C1A3C5624A5B059" author="Moss AG" box="[817,943,1794,1816]" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" pagination="403 - 411" refId="ref17820" refString="Moss AG. 2009. Ctenophora of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder DL, Camp DK, eds. Gulf of Mexico - origins, waters, and biota. Biodiversity. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 403 - 411." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moss, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA3AB305C6A3C7426E4B3DD" blockId="14.[809,1426,1549,1908]" lastBlockId="15.[163,780,1027,1509]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">
|
||
In the Atlantic Ocean,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA3AB315B6D3C7723B1B079" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1094,1211,1826,1847]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="311" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA3AB315B6D3C7723B1B079" box="[1094,1211,1826,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="311">B. mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from the western Atlantic (Report of RV Ronald H. Brown Cruise 06-03 to the western subtropical and tropical north Atlantic 10 April to 30 April, 2006). It was also recorded from the Mediterranean, in the Ligurian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305E793F1526E2B31B" author="Madin LP" box="[338,488,1088,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" refId="ref17061" refString="Madin LP. 1991. Distribution and taxonomy of zooplankton in the Alboran Sea and adjacent western Mediterranean: a literature survey and field guide (No. WHOI- 91 - 26). Woods Hole: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution." type="book" year="1991">Madin, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305EDC3F1425F1B31B" author="Tamm SL & Tamm S" box="[503,763,1088,1110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" pagination="79 - 89" refId="ref19509" refString="Tamm SL, Tamm S. 1993. Diversity of macrociliary size, tooth patterns, and distribution in Beroe (Ctenophora). Zoomorphology 113: 79 - 89." type="journal article" year="1993">Tamm & Tamm, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305F883F0A2620B33B" author="Mills CCE" box="[163,298,1119,1141]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" refId="ref17430" refString="Mills CCE. 2005. Ctenophora. In Rellini La Checklist della fauna Italiana (Rellini et al. ed.), Fasc. 3. Available at: http: // www. sibm. it / CHECKLIST / menusxcheck. htm. Published by the author, web page established March 1998, last updated January 2017." type="url" year="2005">Mills (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has mentioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305EF13F352547B33A" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[474,589,1119,1141]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305EF13F352547B33A" box="[474,589,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">B. mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an infrequent visitor to the Mediterranean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF756FC6FFA2AB305F8838FC2656B493" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5799241/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" startId="15.[163,242,937,959]" targetBox="[163,1443,195,897]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA2AB305F8838FC2656B493" blockId="15.[163,1443,937,989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305F8838FC2610B4F0" bold="true" box="[163,282,937,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305E0E38FF26BDB4F1" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[293,439,937,959]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305E0E38FF26BDB4F1" box="[293,439,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">Beroe mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305A2238FC2644B493" author="Killi N & Abyzova G & Shiganova T" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" refId="ref16563" refString="Killi N, Abyzova G, Shiganova T. 2019. Occurrence of Beroe mitrata (Beroidae) associated with its prey aggressive invader ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz from in Gokova Bay. Istanbul: BioEco 2019 - International Biodiversity & Ecology Sciences Symposium." type="proceedings paper" year="2019">Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA2AB305F903FC9265AB2AA" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA2AB305F903FC9265AB2AA" blockId="15.[163,780,1027,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305EA73FC82530B3FC" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[396,570,1181,1202]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305EA73FC82530B3FC" box="[396,570,1181,1202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">Beroe mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were performed in the southern Aegean Sea in Turkish Bays: Gökova, Marmaris, Bodrum and Fethiye Bays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305DFD3F8C2621B243" author="Killi N & Abyzova G & Shiganova T" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" refId="ref16563" refString="Killi N, Abyzova G, Shiganova T. 2019. Occurrence of Beroe mitrata (Beroidae) associated with its prey aggressive invader ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz from in Gokova Bay. Istanbul: BioEco 2019 - International Biodiversity & Ecology Sciences Symposium." type="proceedings paper" year="2019">
|
||
Killi
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305F883FAC27EAB243" box="[163,224,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Gökova Bay, the invader
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305DB43FAC2401B243" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[671,779,1272,1294]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bolinopsidae" genus="Mnemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="leidyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305DB43FAC2401B243" box="[671,779,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">M. leidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305E423E4226E1B262" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[361,491,1303,1324]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305E423E4226E1B262" box="[361,491,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">B. mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first arrived from the northern Aegean Sea with currents from the north (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305F873E0126A7B227" author="Killi, N & Tarkan AN" box="[172,429,1364,1386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" pagination="538" refId="ref16518" refString="Killi, N, Tarkan AN. 2013. Seasonal distribution of Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) and Ctenophora species in Gokova Bay, Mugla, Turkey. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee 40: 538." type="journal article" year="2013">Killi & Tarkan, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Now both ctenophores are observed regularly in Gökova Bay and in its several smaller bays and coves, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305D093EC725AAB2E9" baseAuthorityName="Moser" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[546,672,1426,1447]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mitrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305D093EC725AAB2E9" box="[546,672,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">B. mitrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
controls the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFA2AB305FFF3EE42648B28B" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1865" box="[212,322,1456,1478]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bolinopsidae" genus="Mnemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="leidyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305FFF3EE42648B28B" box="[212,322,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">M. leidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
population by preying on it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305D9E3EE5264AB2AA" author="Killi, N & Tarkan AN" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" pagination="538" refId="ref16518" refString="Killi, N, Tarkan AN. 2013. Seasonal distribution of Scyphozoa (Cnidaria) and Ctenophora species in Gokova Bay, Mugla, Turkey. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee 40: 538." type="journal article" year="2013">Killi & Tarkan, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFA2AB305F883D5826B0B12E" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFA2AB305F883D5826B0B12E" blockId="15.[163,778,1549,1633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFA2AB305F883D58260FB16C" box="[163,261,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="312">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Occurs in the warm surface waters, on the outer continental shelf and on the slopes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305DB13D79262AB12E" author="Wrobel D & Mills C" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" refId="ref19790" refString="Wrobel D, Mills C. 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates. A guide to the common gelatinous animals. Monterey: Sea Challengers & Monterey Bay Aquarium." type="book" year="1998">Wrobel & Mills, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFA2AB305E063D1E26A0B12E" author="Moss AG" box="[301,426,1611,1632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="312" pagination="403 - 411" refId="ref17820" refString="Moss AG. 2009. Ctenophora of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder DL, Camp DK, eds. Gulf of Mexico - origins, waters, and biota. Biodiversity. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 403 - 411." type="book chapter" year="2009">Moss, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |