treatments-xml/data/03/A3/87/03A387CCDB182717FE8BABA7B716E23E.xml

<document id="93765DDF30B2A97CD99814825D288864" ID-CLB-Dataset="50631" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ad9bd9e-c42b-4deb-86bf-3ad2ee1ad198" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172153" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459764892559" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De Carvalho, C. J. B. &amp; Pont, A. C." docDate="2006" docId="03A387CCDB182717FE8BABA7B716E23E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01151p026.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1151" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Brachygasterina violaceiventris Macquart 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF9AFFB4DB152718FF83AD18B514E100" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698222227462" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1BDEB9B750BE5A4250E69360767C1703">Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0FD81B6DB182715FE8BABA7B12AE7D9" bold="true" box="[264,1086,1727,1753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB182715FE8BABA7B12AE7D9" bold="true" box="[264,1086,1727,1753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB182715FE8BABA7B641E7D9" ID-CoL="MW7M" authority="Macquart, 1851" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[264,853,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceiventris">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB182715FE8BABA7B792E7D9" bold="true" box="[264,646,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachygasterina violaceiventris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB182715FD0EABA7B641E7D9" author="Macquart" box="[653,853,1727,1753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Macquart, J. (1851) Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Suite du 4. e Supplement publie dans les memoires de 1849 [part]. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts a Lille, 1850, 134 - 294." type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB182715FCE7ABA7B6A4E7D9" box="[868,944,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[295,1286,336,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[289,1383,325,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Female head, frontal view. 1. Brachygasterina andina. 2. B. major. 3. B. stuebeli. 4. B. valdiviensis. 5. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172154/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB182715FC3DABA7B11DE7D9" box="[958,1033,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[326,1260,404,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1335,389,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Head, lateral view. 6. Female, Brachygasterina andina. 7. Female, B. major. 8. Female, B. stuebeli. 9. Female, B. valdiviensis. 10. Female, B. violaceiventris. 11. Male, B. major. 12. Male, B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172155/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10, 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB182715FB94ABA7B122E7D9" box="[1047,1078,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="7.[264,383,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[338,1249,319,809]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[319,1378,290,821]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Male head, frontal view. 13. Brachygasterina major. 14. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172156/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB182715FE8BAA12B46BE643" blockId="13.[264,1323,1802,1900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB182715FE8BAA12B652E621" ID-CoL="MW7M" authority="Macquart, 1851: 232" authorityName="Macquart" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1851" box="[264,838,1802,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceiventris">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB182715FE8BAA12B749E621" box="[264,605,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachygasterina violaceiventris</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10CBDB182715FDE7AA12B652E621" author="Macquart" box="[612,838,1802,1825]" page="232" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1851">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB182715FDE7AA12B605E621" author="Macquart" box="[612,785,1802,1825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Macquart, J. (1851) Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Suite du 4. e Supplement publie dans les memoires de 1849 [part]. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts a Lille, 1850, 134 - 294." type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
: 232
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. 
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB182715FE8BAA32B46BE643" box="[264,383,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB182716FEBBAA4AB1E8E086" blockId="13.[264,1323,1802,1900]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
This species is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB182715FD63AA4AB686E66B" ID-CoL="8D5K8" box="[736,914,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Palpibracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB182715FD63AA4AB686E66B" box="[736,914,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. valdiviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by the absence of a dorsal preapical seta on fore tibia and by the other characters given in the key. In the female terminalia, sternite 6 is divided in two parts, the distance between these two parts being less in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1B2716FE61AC74B7A4E085" ID-CoL="MW7M" box="[482,688,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceiventris">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1B2716FE61AC74B7A4E085" box="[482,688,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. violaceiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D59DB1B2716FC8DAC74B1ECE086" ID-CoL="8D5K8" authority="Soares &amp; Carvalho 2004" authorityName="Soares &amp; Carvalho" authorityYear="2004" box="[782,1272,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Palpibracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1B2716FC8DAC74B6ADE085" box="[782,953,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. valdiviensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1B2716FC4BAC74B1E5E086" author="Soares" box="[968,1265,364,390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" refString="Soares, E. D. G. &amp; Carvalho, C. J. B. de (2004) A new combination to Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera, Muscidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48, 431." type="journal article" year="2004">Soares &amp; Carvalho 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FE8BACA4B4BEE0D5" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" box="[264,426,444,469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1B2716FE8BACA4B4BEE0D5" box="[264,426,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Redescription</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBACFCB640E266" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Head: Frons of male narrow, at narrowest point equal to twice diameter of anterior ocellus (
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1B2716FEEFAF14B4D0E326" box="[364,452,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="7.[264,383,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[338,1249,319,809]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[319,1378,290,821]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Male head, frontal view. 13. Brachygasterina major. 14. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172156/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); frons of female broad, at narrowest point 0.33–0.37 of head width (
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1B2716FB78AF14B40DE34E" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[295,1286,336,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[289,1383,325,1517]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Female head, frontal view. 1. Brachygasterina andina. 2. B. major. 3. B. stuebeli. 4. B. valdiviensis. 5. B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172154/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Eye with sparse but distinct hairs (
<figureCitation id="13312A5FDB1B2716FD49AF2CB641E34E" box="[714,853,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[326,1260,404,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[305,1335,389,1781]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 12. Head, lateral view. 6. Female, Brachygasterina andina. 7. Female, B. major. 8. Female, B. stuebeli. 9. Female, B. valdiviensis. 10. Female, B. violaceiventris. 11. Male, B. major. 12. Male, B. violaceiventris. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172155/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 10, 12</figureCitation>
). Fronto­orbital plate of male dull grey, subshining in upper half, of female matt, blackish; parafacial, face and gena dull grey (male) or brownish­grey (female) pruinose, parafacial with a large, conspicuous, matt patch at level of antennal insertion; occiput metallic blue to violet. Male with numerous fine frontal setae and setulae, reaching from lunula to anterior ocellus; female with 7 pairs of frontal setae and 2 weak reclinate orbital setae. Facial ridge with setulae hardly reaching to mid­level of first flagellomere. Parafacial narrow, hardly 1/3 width of first flagellomere; gena broad. Proboscis thinly dusted. Palpus black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBAE6CB485E5F6" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thorax. Ground­colour subshining dark metallic violet­blue, with 3 broad grey to brownish­grey vittae, merging into a dusted area behind suture; with an additional pair of vittae through posterior intra­alar setae, a patch over humeral, notopleural and humeral area, and a transverse line along suture. 3+4 developed acrostichals; 2 strong posterior intra­alars; prealar strong, longer than anterior notopleural seta; notopleuron with 1–2 setulae next to each seta. Scutellum coloured as mesonotum, dulled by thin dust; laterally setulose; with strong apical, basal and lateral setae, and several stronger setulae on disc. Prothoracic spiracle dark brown. One strong proepisternal seta and several setulae; 1 strong proepimeral seta and numerous long setulae. Katepisternals (1–)2+3. Katatergite long pilose.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBA81CB711E736" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Legs. Dark brown. Fore tibia without posterior or anterodorsal setae. Mid femur in male with rather dense fine anteroventral and posteroventral setae on over basal half, in female the posteroventrals not as long as femoral depth and the anteroventrals shorter, sparser; 1 short anterior and 3 posterior preapical setae. Mid tibia with 3 posterior setae, without anterodorsal or ventrals. 
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1B2716FD17A8BCB7DBE4BE" box="[660,719,1444,1470]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur with complete rows of strong anteroventral and posteroventral setae, shorter and sparser in female than in male; 2 anterodorsal and 3 anteroventral setae; dorsal preapical strong, anterodorsal preapical weak, without posteroventral apical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBAB5CB6E2E7AE" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wing. Clear, smoky at base, veins dark brown. Veins bare, except costa. Crossvein dm­cu very sinuous. Vein M running straight to wing­margin. Calypters dark brown, lower one slightly longer than upper one. Knob of haltere dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBABA4B18EE7D6" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" box="[312,1178,1724,1750]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abdomen. Subshining metallic blue­violet, hardly dusted. Sternite 1 bare.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2716FEBBABFCB736E625" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Measurements (n=4): Body length, 
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. Wing length, 
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. 
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1B2716FE8BAA14B736E625" box="[264,546,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1B2716FE8BAA14B42BE625" box="[264,319,1804,1829]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
material examined
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1B2717FEBBAA2CB03CE05E" blockId="14.[264,1325,444,1870]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1325,284,510]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1B2716FEBBAA2CB4B9E64E" box="[312,429,1844,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male and 
<typeStatus id="54B18878DB1B2716FDBFAA2CB7F2E64E" box="[572,742,1844,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD53DB1B2716FD77AA2CB679E64E" box="[756,877,1844,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
in MNHN (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1B2716FBC4AA2CB1CAE64E" author="Seguy" box="[1095,1246,1844,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" refString="Seguy, E. (1938) Precisions sur deux Muscides du Chili. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 41 [1937], 39 - 41." type="journal article" year="1938">Séguy 1938</bibRefCitation>
), here designated and labelled accordingly. These four specimens have the accessions number 15.43, which refers to material from 
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1A2717FD34AC5CB7EDE05E" box="[695,761,324,350]" name="Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chile</collectingCountry>
, with no further locality data, collected by Gay.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1A2717FEBBAC74B4D3E0FE" blockId="15.[264,1325,284,510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Other material examined. 
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1A2717FDE9AC74B7D0E086" box="[618,708,364,390]" name="Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CHILE</collectingCountry>
. Concepción (Hualpen Parque Botânico), 
<date id="FFB4101ADB1A2717FB31AC74B011E086" box="[1202,1285,364,390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1970-02">ii.1970</date>
(T. Cekalovic), 
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD53DB1A2717FE19AC8CB4FFE0AE" box="[410,491,404,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Nuble: Termas (Tolhuaca), 
<date id="FFB4101ADB1A2717FC32AC8CB134E0AE" box="[945,1056,404,430]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1950-01-20">20.i.1950</date>
(L.E. Peña), 
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(MZSP). 
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1A2717FEF8ACA4B73FE0D6" box="[379,555,444,470]" name="Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
. Rio Negro: Bariloche, 
<date id="FFB4101ADB1A2717FCD7ACA4B6B9E0D6" box="[852,941,444,470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1926-11">xi.1926</date>
(R. &amp; E. Shannon), 
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, 
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD53DB1A2717FA9DACA4B44CE0FE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106551DB1A2717FE8BAF2CB716E23E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1A2717FE8BAF2CB47AE34D" blockId="15.[264,1324,564,710]" box="[264,366,564,589]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1A2717FE8BAF2CB47AE34D" box="[264,366,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1A2717FEBBAF44B6A2E3C6" blockId="15.[264,1324,564,710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
This species was also well described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1A2717FCA7AF44B6CAE376" author="Malloch" box="[804,990,604,630]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1934) Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 7 (2), 171 - 346." type="journal article" year="1934">Malloch (1934)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1A2717FB9EAF44B1E6E376" author="Carvalho" box="[1053,1266,604,630]" pageId="15" pageNumber="20" refString="Carvalho, C. J. B. de (1989 b) Revisao dos generos sul-americanos: Brachygasterina Macquart e Correntosia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6, 473 - 484." type="journal article" year="1989" yearSuffix="b">Carvalho (1989b)</bibRefCitation>
, and was keyed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2BDB1A2717FE3AAF9CB604E39E" author="Carvalho" box="[441,784,644,670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" refString="Carvalho, C. J. B. de &amp; Couri, M. S. (2002 a) Part I. Basal groups. In: Carvalho, C. J. B. de (Ed.), Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region: taxonomy, Editora Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, pp. 17 - 132." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Carvalho and Couri (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
. According to information on the labels, the species was reared from a decomposing honey bee colony.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1A2717FE8BAFE4B730E215" blockId="15.[264,548,764,830]" box="[264,548,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC8DB1A2717FE8BAFE4B730E215" box="[264,548,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DADB1A2717FEBBAE3CB716E23E" blockId="15.[264,548,764,830]" box="[312,514,804,830]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1A2717FEBBAE3CB46EE23E" box="[312,378,804,830]" name="Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chile</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31D764ADB1A2717FE05AE3CB4EAE23E" box="[390,510,804,830]" name="Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>